Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stål)

Henry, Thomas J., 2022, Revision of the New World Plant Bug Genus Cyrtocapsus (Heteroptera: Miridae Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini), with New and Revised Synonymies, Lectotype Designations, and Descriptions of 12 New Species, Zootaxa 5154 (1), pp. 1-48 : 11-12

Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stål)

( Figs. 13, 14 , 63, 64 )

Capsus caligineus Stål 1859: 258 (original description; San Francisco, California); Henry & Carvalho 1987: 290 (note, key); Schuh 1995: 542 (catalog); Perez-Gelabert 2008: 185 (checklist); Schuh 2002 –2013 (online catalog); Perez-Gelabert 2020: 243 (checklist)

Cyrtocapsus andinus Carvalho, 1954: 13 (original description; Peru); Carvalho 1957: 95 (catalog); Carvalho & Ferreira 1972: 182 (list); Carvalho & Afonso 1977: 8 (list, distribution); Henry & Carvalho 1987: 292 (key); Schuh 1995: 541 (catalog), 2002–2013 (online catalog). New synonymy.

Diagnosis. Cyrtocapsus caligineus ( Figs. 13, 14 ) is recognized by the dark brown to black dorsum with the embolium paler yellowish brown, the pale yellowish-white antenna, the dark brown coxae, with only the apex of the front coxa sometimes paler, and the pale yellowish white femora and tibiae.

This species is most similar to C. grenadensis ( Figs. 29, 30 ) and C. pallipes ( Figs. 44, 45 ) in having a mostly fuscous to black body, pale antennae, dark brown middle and hind coxae, and similar parameres ( Figs. 63, 64 ). Cyrtocapsus grenadensis is distinguished from C. caligineus by the mostly dark embolium (except at base in some specimens) and the distinctly smaller size; C. pallipes differs by the uniformly black embolium and the pale or white front coxa (versus brown in C. caligineus and C. grenadensis ).

Description. Male ( Fig. 13 ) (n =5, plus C. andinus holotype measurements in parentheses): Length to apex of membrane 4.00– 4.20 mm (4.04 mm), length to base of cuneus 2.52–2.60 mm (2.56 mm), widest width across hemelytra 1.63–1.82 mm (1.70 mm). Head: Width 0.91–0.94 mm (0.93 mm), interocular width 0.45–0.46 mm (0.45 mm). Labium: Length 0.96–1.04 mm (0.99 mm). Antenna: Segment I length 0.48–0.54 mm (0.53 mm); II, 0.66–0.72 mm (0.70 mm); III, 0.40–0.48 mm (0.45 mm); IV, 0.51–0.58 mm (0.58 mm). Pronotum: Median length 0.90–0.93 mm (0.90 mm), basal width 1.41–1.47 mm (1.46 mm).

Coloration: Head with vertex and frons fuscous to black, clypeus dark brown, sides paler yellowish brown, and underside dark brown; eyes dark reddish brown. Labium pale yellowish brown, apex of segment IV darker brown. Antennal segments I–III uniformly pale yellow to yellowish white, with segment IV darker brown. Pronotum and scutellum uniformly black. Hemelytron with clavus and basal third of corium black, corium fading to dark brown apically, embolium pale yellowish brown; cuneus uniformly fuscous; membrane whitish, with veins and inside of areole fuscous. Ventral surface fuscous to black, male genital capsule dark brown. All coxae dark brown, except for the pale apex of the front coxa; remainder of legs pale yellowish white, with only tarsomere III and claws slightly darker yellowish brown.

Texture and vestiture: Head weakly shiny, rugose, transversely striate on frons, with silvery sericeous setae, especially along midline and inner margins of eyes and across striations on frons. Pronotum weakly shiny, uniformly punctate, more coarsely so on disc; calli prominent, separated by a deep pit; with dense silvery sericeous setae on collar and calli and finer, silvery setae on disc. Scutellum finely punctate, with dense, silvery sericeous setae. Hemelytron dull, impunctate, with numerous, slender, silvery sericeous setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere ( Fig. 63 ) stout, compact C-shaped. Right paramere ( Fig.64 ) elongate oval and weakly pointed apically.

Female ( Fig. 14 ) (n = 5, plus C. caligineus lectotype measurements in parentheses): Length to apex of membrane 3.88–4.12 mm (membrane damaged), length to base of cuneus 2.52–2.64 mm (2.60 mm), widest width across hemelytra 1.74–1.89 mm (hemelytra twisted). Head: Width 0.93–0.96 mm (0.88 mm), interocular width 0.46–0.48 mm (0.46 mm). Labium: Length 0.90–0.98 mm (0.93 mm). Antenna: Segment I length 0.50–0.54 mm (0.51 mm); II, 0.67–0.72 mm (0.67 mm); III, 0.40–0.46 mm (missing); IV, 0.61–0.66 mm (missing). Pronotum: Median length 0.88–0.93 mm (0.90 mm), basal width 1.44–1.52 mm (1.39 mm).

Hosts. Although the specimen data below lists beans ( Phaseolus sp. ) and sunflowers ( Helianthus sp. ) as hosts, camote or sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. [ Convolvulaceae ], and other species of Convolvulaceae probably represent the primary hosts.

Distribution. Cytocapsus andinus was described from Argentina and Peru ( Carvalho 1954). Brazil, Ecuador, and Paraguay are new country records. All records of C. caligineus from other countries need confirmation, with most probably referring to C. grenadensis and C. pallipes .

Discussion. Study of two Stål (1859) syntypes of C. caligineus labeled only as “California” shows that they are conspecific with what Carvalho (1954) described as C. andinus , a species known only from South America ( Argentina, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru). Only one species of Cyrtocapsus barely occurs in southern California. I have examined one specimen of C. pallipes from the Channel Islands (Santa Cruz Island; Santa Barbara Co.) off the coast of southern California; no other species of the genus is known from the state, particularly as far north as “California (S:t. Franscisco),” as given in the original publication ( Stål 1859). Therefore, it appears that Stål’s published locality data is incorrect and the specimens came from a collection made on an earlier part of the trip of the Swedish frigate “Eugenie” (Persson 1971), or there is another locality within the range of this species referred to as California. Consequently, C. andinus Carvalho must be considered a junior synonym of C. caligineus (Stål) and the species previously known as C. caligineus (of authors) takes the next available name, which is Pirithous pallipes Distant , previously synonymized under C. caligineus of authors.

Type designation. To ensure nomenclatural stability, I designate a female syntype of Capsus caligineus in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm , with the following labels as the lectotype: 1, “ California ”; 2, “Kinb.”; 3 (red label, clearly added after Stål ), “Typus”; 4 (here added), “ LECTOTYPE: ♀, Capsus caligineus Stål , desig. by T.J. Henry ” ( SMNH). Another specimen (with the abdomen embedded in glue) with the same label data (except the red label reads “ Paratypus ”) as for the lectotype is here labeled as a paralectotype ( SMNH) .

Other type material examined. Holotype (of Cyrtocapsus andinus Carvalho ) ♂: PERU: Cañete , 17 May 1941, C. P. Clausen, No. 208 ( USNM) . Paratypes (of C. andinus ): ARGENTINA: 1 ♀, Missiones , Argentina, 18 July 1942, Lot 42-15204, H. L. Parker, swept ( USNM) . PERU: 2 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, same data as for holotype ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Cañete , Peru, 5 May 1942, E. J. Hambleton ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀, Lima, Peru, J. E. Wille, on leaves of sweet potatoes and beans ( USNM) .

Other specimens examined. BRAZIL: Distrito Federal : 1 ♀ [and three specimens without abdomens] from Distrito Federal, Brazil , 1–2–46, J.C.M. Carvalho ( USNM) . Minas Gerais: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil , 9–43, J.C.M. Carvalho ( USNM) . ECUADOR: 2 ♀♀, Portoviejo , 29 July 1954, H.R. Yust, on sunflower ( USNM) . PARAGUAY: 1 ♂, San Luis, Reimoser ( USNM) . PERU: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Cañete , 5 May 1942, E.J. Hambleton ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Lima, 21 May 1969, V. Rázuri ( USNM) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Pucalá , 18 July 1966, Korykowski, ex camote ( USNM) .

Figures

FIGURES 8–17. Habitus images of Cyrtocapsus spp. 8, 9,Cyrtocapsus apicalis, holotype male.8, dorsal aspect. 9, lateral aspect. 10–12, C. atrametatibialis. 10, male, dorsal aspect. 11, male, lateral aspect. 12, female, dorsal aspect. 13, 14, C. caligineus. 13, male, dorsal aspect. 14, female, dorsal aspect. 15, 16, C. columbiensis. 15, male, dorsal aspect. 16, female, dorsal aspect. 17, C. costatus, holotype male, dorsal aspect.

FIGURES 58–70. Male genitalia of Cyrtocapsus spp. 58–60, C. apicalis. 58, left paramere. 59, endosoma. 60, right paramere. 61, 62, C. atrametatibialis. 61, left paramere. 62, right paramere. 63, 64, C. caligineus. 63, left paramere. 64, right paramere. 65, 66, C. columbiensis. 65, left paramere. 66, right paramere. 67, 68, C. elutipes. 67, left paramere. 68, right paramere. 69, 70, C. femoralis. 69, left paramere. 70, right paramere.

FIGURES 29–39. Habitus images of Cyrtocapsus spp. 29, 30, C. grenadensis. 29, male, dorsal aspect. 30, female, dorsal aspect. 31, C. guianus, holotype female, dorsal aspect. 32, 33, C. haitianus. 32, male dorsal aspect. 33, female, dorsal aspect. 34, C. intermedius, female, dorsal aspect. 35, 36, C. lazelli. 35, male, dorsal aspect. 36, female, dorsal aspect. 37, 38, C. marginatus. 37, lectotype male, dorsal aspect. 38, paralectotype female, dorsal aspect. 39, C. mesoamericanus, holotype male, dorsal aspect.

FIGURES 40–48. Habitus images of Cyrtocapsus spp. 40, 41, C. metafemoratus. 40, male, dorsal aspect. 41, holotype female, dorsal aspect. 42, 43, C. nordestinus. 42, male, dorsal aspect. 43, male, lateral aspect. 44, 45, C. pallipes. 44, male, dorsal aspect. 45, female, dorsal aspect. 46, 47, C. paraensis, holotype female (of C. bolivianus). 46, dorsal aspect. 47, lateral aspect. 48, C. paraguaiensis, holotype female, dorsal aspect.