Macrocixius giganteus Matsumura, 1914

Zhang, Pei & Chen, Xiang-Sheng, 2013, Taxonomic study on the planthopper genus Macrocixius Matsumura (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) with descriptions of two new species from China, Zootaxa 3646 (3), pp. 277-288 : 279

Macrocixius giganteus Matsumura, 1914

( Figs 1–13 )

Macrocixius giganteus Matsumura, 1914: 394 ; Tsaur and Hsu, 1991: 3.

Diagnostic charcters. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewings): male 10.3 mm (n = 1).

Coloration. General color blackish brown ( Figs 53, 57, 61 ). Eyes blackish brown. Ocelli pale yellow. Face yellowish to blackish brown; lateral and posterior margin of frons and discal area of postclypeus with light color. Pronotum with periphery yellowish brown, discal area blackish brown. Mesonotum black. Forewing milk white, semihyaline, spreading with small dark brown splashes on the surface; stigma blackish brown; strip between bases of CuP and PCu pale brown; yellow alternating with black brown on total length of veins. Hind tarsi with platellae crineous. Abdomen blackish brown ventrally.

Head. Median ocellus ( Figs 2 , 61 ) above the peak of frontoclypeal suture. Vertex ( Figs 1 , 53 ) 1.3 X wider than long; subapical carina joins lateral carinae at apical 1/5; anterior margin with middle slightly convex, posterior margin nearly trapezoidally concave; areolets before subapical carina slightly concave, area behind subapical carina deeply concave; both two portions of median carina existing. Frons ( Figs 2 , 61 ) 1.4 X longer than wide; anterior margin archedly concave; both sides of median carina with many fine scores. Rostrum with subapical segment 1.1 X longer than apical segment.

Pronotum and mesonotum. Pronotum ( Figs 1 , 53 ) 1.3 X longer than vertex; intermediate carinae curving parallel to posterior margin of eyes, vanishing near anterior margin of pronotum; both sides of median carina deeply concave; posterior margin concave, forming an obtuse angle. Mesonotum ( Figs 1 , 53 ) 2.2 X longer than pronotum and vertex combined; lateral carinae slightly sinuous, inner sides with fine striations, median carina indistinct on posteromedian area.

Wings. Forewing ( Figs 3 , 53, 57 ) 3.3 X longer than wide; fork Sc+ RP basad of fork CuA1+CuA2, fork PCu+A1 distad of center of clavus.

Legs. Hind tibia with 4 lateral spines; chaetotaxy of hind tarsi: 8/8, 2nd hind tarsus with 4 platellae.

Abdomen. Pygofer ( Figs 4, 5 ) with outer margin slightly sinuous in ventral view, widening from base to middle, almost equal in width from middle to apex; in lateral view, lateral lobes caudally convex, mastoid-shaped, outer margin with setae. Medioventral process ( Figs 4, 5 ) 4.7 X wider than long in ventral view, reaching to 1/10 of length of lateral lobes; thumb-like in lateral view. Anal segment ( Figs 4, 6, 7 ), in lateral view, dorsal margin slightly concave, ventral margin sinuous; in caudal view, dorsal margin archedly convex, ventral margin convex into hemicycle; 2.2 X longer than wide in dorsal view; closely connected with pygofer, unmovable. Anal style ( Figs 4, 6 ) relatively long; abdominal segment XI relatively small, covering base of anal style. Genital styles ( Figs 4, 5, 8 ), in ventral view, with apical portion of inner margin nearly trapezoidally inflated, touching each other, outer margin with apical portion inflated and middle portion concave; in lateral view, dorsal and ventral margins with basal half nearly straight and apical portion inflated into balloon-shape; loosely connected with connective, movable. Aedeagus ( Figs 10–13 ) with total of nine spines; four spines on right side: the shortest one awl-shaped, directed dorsocephalad, the longest one crossing dorsal margin of aedeagus to left side, the upper one of the remaining two spines curving downward, directed ventrocephalad, the lower one of the remaining two spines moderately long, slightly sinuous, directed cephalad; three spines on left side: the anterior one with basal half broad and large, apical half strongly curving upward, directed dorsocephalad, the posterior two spines joined at base, the upper one slightly curved, directed dorsocephalad, the lower one nearly straight, directed ventrocephalad. Flagellum with two nearly subparallel short spines on apical 1/3, both slightly curving and directed cephalad. Connective ( Fig. 9 ) broad and large; aedeagal shaft 1.5 X wider than width of connective plus ventral arm.

Material examined. 1 3, Wuyishan (900m), Jiangxi Province, China, 1 August 2007, Z.-H. Meng.

Distribution. South China (Jiangxi, Taiwan) (new record from Mainland); Japan (Kyushu).

Remarks. M. giganteus was described as new species in Matsumura (1914). Tsaur et al. (1991) designated the lectotype and paralectotypes and provided a detailed description and illustrations of the male genitalia of this species. This species was also illustrated by Yang & Chang (2000) (as Microcixius (sic) gigantus (sic) ). Our illustrations (based on one specimen) are somewhat different from those of Tsaur et al. (1991), the main differences are as follows: (1) the forewing of our specimen without large dark markings (the forewing with large dark markings on clavus and area below stigma in Tsaur et al. (1991)); (2) the spines of the aedeagus of our specimen differ from those of Tsaur et al. (1991) in size and position. Because not having examined the type specimen, we have sent the illustrations and habitus figure of our specimen to Prof. Dr. S.-C. Tsaur for comparison with the lectotype and paralectotypes. According to his advice and our identification, we regard our specimen as M. giganteus .

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 13. Macrocixius giganteus Matsumura. (1) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (2) Face, ventral view; (3) Forewing; (4) Male genitalia, lateral view; (5) Pygofer and genital styles, ventral view; (6) Anal segment, dorsal view; (7) Anal segment, caudal view; (8) Right genital styles, ventral view; (9) Connective, dorsocephalic view; (10) Aedeagus, right side; (11) Aedeagus, left side; (12) Aedeagus, dorsal view; (13) Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm

FIGURES 53 – 64. Adult of Macrocixius species. 53, 57, 61. M. giganteus. (53) Habitus, dorsal view; (57) Habitus, lateral view; (61) Face, ventral view. 54, 58, 62. M. grossus. (54) Habitus, dorsal view; (58) Habitus, lateral view; (62) Face, ventral view. 55, 59, 63. M. rarimaculatus. (55) Habitus, dorsal view; (59) Habitus, lateral view; (63) Face, ventral view. 56, 60, 64. M. unispinus. (56) Habitus, dorsal view; (60) Habitus, lateral view; (64) Face, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.