Euparkerella tridactyla

Hepp, Fábio, De Carvalho-E-Silva, Sergio P., Telles De Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana M. P. & Folly, Manuella, 2015, A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae), Zootaxa 3973 (2), pp. 251-270 : 266-267

Euparkerella tridactyla

Advertisement call (figure 7D–F). Twelve calls of one individual were analyzed. The advertisement call ( Fig. 7 D, F) consists of a single note comprising 27–34 short pulses (x = 30.3 ± 2.5; Mo = 28; N = 12) repeated periodically. All pulses present the attack shorter than the decay. There are one or two cryptic pulses (sensu Hepp & Carvalho-e- Silva 2011) at the beginning of the call. In one call (ASEC 17696), one pulse with an intermediate amplitude (between cryptic and normal pulses) occurs at the end of the call. The call amplitude rises abruptly through cryptic pulses to the large-amplitude first pulse and decays smoothly until the last pulse (except for call ASEC 17696, which has a stronger amplitude difference between the penultimate and last pulse, as described above). Call Duration ranges from 1.240– 1.711 s (x = 1.468 ± 0.141; N = 12). The call has as many as eight visible harmonics. The Dominant and Fundamental Frequencies are the same and range from 2584.0–2756.2 Hz (x = 2648.6 ± 53.5; Mo = 2670.1; N = 12). The Pulse Periods increase slightly throughout the call, except for the first period that is slightly longer than the second. The first period ranges from 0.039– 0.048 s (x = 0.044 ± 0.002; Mo = 0.044; N = 12), the second from 0.040– 0.048 s (x = 0.043 ± 0.002; Mo = 0.042; N = 12), and the last from 0.051– 0.063 s (x = 0.056 ± 0.003; Mo = 0.055; N = 12). The Pulse Rate ranges from 19.11 to 22.74 pulses per second (x = 20.71 ± 1.05; N = 12). The Pulses Durations are long, ranging from 0.001– 0.010 s (x = 0.007 ± 0.001; Mo = 0.008; N = 12).

Comparisons with the other species. Acoustically, Euparkerella tridactyla differs from E. brasiliensis and E. cochranae by having a greater number of pulses (27–34 in E. tridactyla vs. 9–20 in E. brasiliensis and E. cochranae ); longer Call Duration (1.2– 1.7 s in E. tridactyla vs. 0.4– 0.6 s in E. brasiliensis and E. cochranae ); and intermediate Pulse Rate (19–23 pulses/s in E. tridactyla vs. 16–18 pulses/s in E. brasiliensis and 30–45 pulses/s in E. cochranae ). It differs from E. cryptica in having more pulses (27–34 in E. tridactyla vs. 9–19 in E. cryptica ); shorter Call Duration (1.2– 1.7 s in E. tridactyla vs. 3.4– 6.2 s in E. cryptica ); faster Pulse Rate (19–23 pulses/s in E. tridactyla vs. 1–2 pulse sections/s in E. cryptica ); and in lacking pulse clusters (vs. presence in E. cryptica ). It differs from E. robusta in having more pulses (27–34 in E. tridactyla vs. 5–8 in E. robusta ); shorter pulses (1–10 ms in E. tridactyla vs. 43–116 ms in E. robusta ); and a faster Pulse Rate (19–23 pulses/s in E. tridactyla vs. 3–4 pulses/s in E. robusta ).

Figures

FIGURE 7. (A – C) Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram, (B) audiospectrogram (C) and power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17678). Note the long duration and the presence of pulse clusters. (D – F) Euparkerella tridactyla from Santa Maria de Jetibá, ES, Brazil. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram (F) and power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17704). Note the long duration and high number of pulses. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 256 (B, C) and 512 (E, F) samples, overlap 99 %.