Pristimantis conspicillatus (Gunther, 1858)

Camper, Jeffrey D., Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Ron, Santiago R., Nilsson, Jonas, Arteaga, Alejandro, Knowles, Travis W. & Arbogast, Brian S., 2021, Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador, Check List 17 (3), pp. 729-751 : 736-737

Pristimantis conspicillatus (Gunther, 1858)

Figure 2G

Material examined. ECUADOR • 1 adult; Napo Prov- ince, WWS, F.A.C.E. Trail; 30 July 2016; QCAZ 64341 • 1 adult; Napo Province, WWS; 00.6865°S, 077.6015°W; 1420 m a.s.l.; 12 July 2018; QCAZ 74811 • 1 adult; Napo Province, WWS, Piha Trail; 16 July 2018; QCAZ 74817 .

Identification. This is one of the largest Pristimantis species at WWS, with a maximum SVL of 30 mm in males and 48.8 mm in females ( Ron et al. 2019). The dor- sal coloration is medium brown, and a dark interorbital bar is present. Finger I is longer than finger II, a dorso- lateral fold is present, and the back of the thighs exhibit small orange or red spots. The upper lip is gray or brown, and there is a basal membrane between the toes.

Habitat. This species was found in both primary and

secondary forest. One specimen was found along the edge of secondary forest.

Taxonomic notes. This anuran is part of a species complex which is being taxonomically revised ( Ron et al. 2019).

Remarks. This species has been found up to 1500 m a.s.l. at WWS, which extends the elevational range up- wards by approximately 500 m ( Ron et al. 2019).

Pristimantis cremnobates ( Lynch & Duellman, 1980) Material examined. ECUADOR • 1 adult; Napo Prov- ince, WBS; 00.6715°S, 077.5986°W; 1530 m a.s.l.; 7 July 2018; QCAZ 74812 • 1 adult; Napo Province, WWS, Piha Trail about 50 m from road; 00.6865°S, 077.6015°W; 1420 m a.s.l.; 12 July 2018; QCAZ 74810 • 1 adult; Napo Prov- ince, WWS, F.A.C.E. Trail; 11 July 2018; QCAZ 74813 • 2 adults; Napo Province, WWS, F.A.C.E. Trail; 15 July 2018; QCAZ 74815 to 74816 . • 1 adult; Napo Province, WWS, Piha Trail; 16 July 2018; QCAZ 74818 • 6 adults; Napo Province, WWS, 00.6875°S, 077.6008°W; 1427 m a.s.l.; 6 Aug. 2019; QCAZ 76428 to 76429 and 76432 to 76435 .

Identification. This species has a medium-brown pat- terned dorsum with occipital ridges. There are non-con- ical tubercles on the eyelids, heels, and tarsi. The finger discs are widely expanded. Finger I is slightly shorter than finger II, the tympanic membrane is visible, and there is no basal membrane between the toes. Males reach 30.6 mm SVL and females 51.7 mm SVL ( Ron et al. 2019).

Habitat. This species inhabits both primary and secondary forest at WWS.

Remarks. This species is considered Endangered by both Ecuador and the IUCN.

Pristimantis incomptus ( Lynch & Duellman, 1980) Material examined. ECUADOR • 1 adult; Napo Prov- ince, along the Pucuno River on the trail from Pacto Sumaco to Volcán Sumaco ; 00.6339°S, 077.5923°W; 3 March 2009; QCAZ 41106 • 2 adults; Napo Province, WWS; 00.6759°S, 077.5998°W; 1485 m a.s.l.; 18 Apr. 2014; MZUTI 3534 to 3535 .

Identification. This small, brown frog is unique in hav- ing scapular folds in a)(shape. It has greatly expanded finger discs, brown or cream in the groin and back of thighs, and it lacks a basal membrane between the toes. Other Pristimantis with scapular folds are W- or Xshaped. Males reach 18.8 mm SVL and females 25.9 mm ( Ron et al. 2019).

Remarks. This species is considered Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and Near Threatened on the Ecuadorian Red List ( Ron et al. 2019).