Metaphire californica ( Kinberg, 1867 )

Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), Zootaxa 4140 (1), pp. 1-92 : 52-53

Metaphire californica ( Kinberg, 1867)

Pheretima californica Kinberg, 1867: 102 ; Beddard 1895a: 369; Michaelsen, 1900: 258, 275; Chen 1936: 270; Gates, 1972: 174; Do 1994: 62; Le 1995a: 59; Nakamura 1999: 29; Thai 2000a: 308; Thai et al. 2004: 759; Huynh et al. 2005: 180; Nguyen et al. 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 48; Nguyen 2014: 109.

Pheretima (Amynthas) californica— Thai 1983: 124.

Metaphire californica— Sims & Easton 1972: 238; Easton, 1981: 57; Easton, 1982: 731; Blakemore 2002: 195, Figs 2.16–2.17; Blakemore 2007a: 18; Blakemore 2008b.

Perichaeta ringeana Michaelsen, 1890a: 10 .

Perichaeta guarini Rosa, 1894: 13 .

Pheretima modesta Michaelsen, 1927: 88 .

See Blakemore (2002, 2007a) for more synonyms.

Type locality. Sausolita Bay , California, USA.

Type material. Stockholm Museum, Sweden.

Examined material. 17 C and 1 A (SORC-V.128.03), A 1 area, Thanh Ninh , Thanh Hoa, 03/10/1997, coll. Thai Tran Bai ; 9 C (CTU-EW.005.05), Thanh Phu, Vinh Cuu , Dong Nai, 13/9/2012, coll. Duong Chi Trong .

Records from Vietnam. Lao Cai (Pho Lu; Pho Rang: Sa Pa); Yen B ai (Luc Yen) ; Tuyen Quang (Chiem Hoa) ; Phu Tho (Phu Tho; Thanh Son; Doan Hung; Xuan Son NP) ; Vinh Phuc (Me Linh) ; Thai Nguyen; Bac Can (Cho Don) ; Cao Bang (Thach An; Trung Khanh; Ha Lang) ; Lang Son (Binh Gia; Bac Son; Trang Dinh; Dong Dang) ; Bac Giang (Tan Yen) ; Dien Bien (Tuan Giao) ; Son La (Moc Chau; Son La) ; Hoa Binh (Hoa Binh; Mai Chau; Tan Lac) ; Hanoi ; Ha Nam ; Thai Binh ; Dong Nai (Vinh Cuu, Long Khanh, Nhon Trach, Long Thanh) ; Kien Giang ( Phu Quoc Isl. ; Kien Luong) ; Tra Vinh (Duyen Hai) ; Soc Trang (Tran De) ; Bac Lieu (Bac Lieu Town) ; An Giang (Tinh Bien) ( Le 1995a; Thai et al. 2004; Huynh et al. 2005; Nguyen 2014).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, found in various parts of the world, e.g. USA ( Californica ; New York); Mexico; South America; Madeira; Egypt; Myanmar; China; Taiwan; Japan; Australia ( Blakemore 2002).

Vietnamese name. Giun californi.

Remarks. The species possibly originates from the Oriental region ( Blakemore 2002). Chen (1936) noted that the species may be a senior synonym of Metaphire hesperidum (Beddard, 189 2) following Gates's (1935) examination.