Bengalia varicolor (Fabricius, 1805)

Rognes, Knut, 2009, Revision of the Oriental species of the Bengalia peuhi speciesgroup (Diptera, Calliphoridae), Zootaxa 2251 (1), pp. 1-76 : 54-60

12. Bengalia varicolor (Fabricius, 1805)

Figs. 149–161 , 184, 185 , 197 , 209 .

Holotype male, India (Tamil Nadu) ( ZMUC), by monotypy. For details see Type material below.

Musca varicolor Fabricius, 1805: 296 . Holotype male, fixed by monotypy, India (Tamil Nadu province, Tarangambadi [as “ Habitat Tranquebariae ” ( Fig. 161 )]) (ZMUC). Examined and dissected.

Note. Zimsen (1964) recorded only one specimen from the Sehested and Tønder Lund collection in ZMUC, and I regard it as highly unlikely that more than one specimen was ever before Fabricius. Thus I treat it as a holotype and not a lectotype. It fits well with the original description ( Figs. 159, 161 ) .

Bengalia varicolor: Bezzi, 1913: 78 , “… ich habe vor mir ein Männchen aus Trichinopoly [now Tiruchchirāpalli in Tamil Nadu], Südindien, 1911 (F. Cajus).” India.

Note. This specimen in Bezzi’s collection carries a handwritten determination label (with three ruled lines inside a black frame) reading: “ B. varicolor ♂, comparée au type ” (“au” not “avec”, as rendered by Lehrer 2005: 29). The handwriting is definitely not by Bezzi, but most likely by Surcouf. Surcouf (1920: 36) writes that he is in the possession of “quatre exemplaires de Bengalia provenant de Trichinopoly et de Madras ...” and even though he also writes that “… ces exemplaires ont été nommés B. jejuna par P r Bezzi …”, Bezzi himself (1913: 74, 78) mentions only two specimens from Trichinopoly, both Caius leg., one under jejuna , and one under varicolor . [The remaining two Surcouf specimens may be the types of chromatella Séguy, 1946 and pallidicoxa Séguy, 1946 in MNHN, see below]. I suggest that Bezzi received these specimens from Surcouf, perhaps as a return favour for allowing him to examine Bezzi’s collection ( Surcouf 1920: 27, 31, 45) for his monograph on the “ Muscidae Testaceae”. Surcouf (1920: 27, 31, 39) also states that he examined material sent to him “... du Musée de Copenhague, dont le directeur W. LUNDBECK a bien voulu nous communiquer les types precieux de FABRICIUS et de WIEDEMANN, ...”. This makes it very likely that (1) Surcouf studied the type of Musca varicolor Fabricius , and (2) that it was Surcouf who compared the Trichinopoly specimen now in Bezzi’s collection with the Fabrician type and subsequently wrote a determination label to this effect in French. However, we can of course never be certain as to exactly which features of the Trichinopoly specimen he found to agree with the varicolor type, as he never communicated any thoughts he might have had on this matter. In any case he was spot on in the interpretation of the Fabrician species.

This specimen is one of the three that Lehrer (2005: 28–29) examined for his treatment of bezzii Senior-White , but his figures of the genitalia (figs. 9A–E) must have been prepared from one of the two specimens from Laos, as the and such a nick is present in Bezzi’s Trichinopoly specimen in MSNM. Bezzi (1913: 74) describes the ST5 flap: “… untere Lamelle breit und stumpf”. This fits very well with this specimen .

Bengalia variicolor [sic]: Villeneuve, 1914: 255, “… B. variicolor F. … que j’ai reçue en 7 exemplaires capturés dans l’ìle Formose. – B. variicolor ♂ ... l’écaille préanale, étalée en arriere, est non ou étroitement échancrée”. Taiwan.

Note. I have seen a male from “ Koshun / Formosa / Sauter VII 08” (in SDEI) identified by Villeneuve as “ Bengalia / varicolor F. / Villeneuve det.” (in Villeneuve’s handwriting) which possibly is one of these 7 specimens. I have dissected it. It has a ST5 flap that fits the given description and external and genital features indicate without any doubt that it belongs to varicolor . So Villeneuve’s identification of this particular specimen was correct .

Bengalia varicolor: Surcouf, 1920: 39 .

Bengalia bezzii Senior-White, 1923a: 306 . Holotype male, fixed by original designation, Sri Lanka (Suduganga) (BMNH). Genitalia in Canada balsam on separate slide. Examined. Syn. nov.

Bengalia bezzii: Senior-White, 1923b: 37 . India (Bihar).

Note. Senior-White states to have identified from “… the Pusa collection a ♂ from Pusa … 3 ♂ from Chapra … a ♂ from Dumraon …”. Not seen .

Bengalia bezzii: Senior-White, 1924: 105 . India ( Bombay, Sidapur, Chhat in Punjab), Pakistan (Cherat). Not seen.

Bengalia surcoufi: Senior-White, 1924: 106 . India (specimen from Dehra Dun [Uttar Pradesh] only). Misidentification, not surcoufi Senior-White.

Note. Senior-White mentions to have identified as surcoufi “… two ♂ from Dehra Dun, xi.07, (Thomson); one of which is noted by Surcouf as ‘probably varicolor F.’; …”. This may be the specimen re-identified by Lehrer (2006a: 7) as bezzii . I have been able to examine this specimen and it is labelled (1) “Dehra Dun. / U.P. / India / Nov. 1907. / Lt.-Col. F. W. Thomson / I.M.S. / 1908—21.” [printed]; (2) “Probablement B. varicolor Fab. ” [handwritten in Surcouf’s hand]; (3) “ Afridigalia ♂ / bezzi [sic] (Senior-White) / Det. Dr. A.Z.Lehrer / 2005” [printed]. The genitalia have been dissected by Lehrer. I have transferred them to a glass microvial. ST5 flap is of usual shape, but without a nick in the hind margin.

Again, Surcouf has identified the specimen correctly as varicolor , having previously seen the Fabrician type (see above). However, it is very strange that Senior-White has misidentified his own bezzii (= varicolor ) as his own surcoufi , in view of the widely different ST5 flaps. But it should be noted that there is no direct evidence (e.g., from a determination label) that it is the same specimen that Senior-White (1924: 106) mentions under surcoufi .

Bengalia bezzii: Senior-White, 1926: 139 . India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.

Bengalia latro: Malloch, 1927: 410 , figs. 17a, 17b, 17c. Specimens from India (Coimbatore) only. Misidentification, not latro de Meijere. [Specimens from the Philippines belong to lyneborgi James , see above under that species; also below.]

Note. The ST5 flap shown in fig. 17c and the aedeagus figured in fig. 17b are definitely not from any specimen(s) of latro . The male Java specimen from 1909 mentioned by Malloch, which is one of two overlooked syntypes of latro de Meijere in USNM, has of course been examined by Malloch, but is not dissected and therefore cannot be the source for his figs. 17a and 17b. On inspection the ST5 flap of the Java 1909 specimen has a much broader base than the one shown in fig. 17c, an even and gently curved hind edge without a notch in the middle and with rounded distal corners as usual in latro . The general shape and the indentation present in the hind margin of the ST5 flap in Malloch’s fig. 17c suggests that this figure most likely has been made from one of the Coimbatore specimens, of which Malloch says he had a large series before him. Almost all the USNM specimens from Coimbatore, which I have examined, some or all of which may have been seen by Malloch, have such a notch in ST5 flap clearly visible without dissection and resemble his fig. 17c by having a narrow base and less rounded distal corners. All belong to bezzii Senior-White (now = varicolor Fabricius ).

The source for figs. 17a and 17b, which show dissected genitalia, is obscure, the problem being that none of the Coimbatore specimens in USNM that Malloch might have seen have been dissected (one male has subsequently been dissected by me, see below for details).

It should be mentioned that Malloch also refers to specimens of his “ latro ” from Philippine Islands. I received from USNM several specimens of Bengalia lyneborgi James from the Philippines of which some must have been seen by Malloch. A female carried an identification label reading “Ochromyia / latro / de Meij. / Det. J.R. Malloch”. Some of the males had been dissected (dry genitalia were glued to labels or cards). But the aedeagus of these dissected males does not fit figure 17b at all. Several very characteristic features of the lyneborgi aedeagus should have been present in the drawing had this species served as basis for the figures, particularly the large bulge at the ventral part of the distal aedeagal opening so typical of lyneborgi in profile view, and the central strong pointed hook/tooth (the upper lip) above the distal aedeagal opening.

From these considerations I conclude that figs. 17a, b have been made from the same Coimbatore specimen that served as basis for fig. 17c, i.e., from a dissected specimen of bezzii , now possibly lost or returned to Mr. Y.

Bengalia bezzii: Senior-White, 1930: 70 . India (“ Chakhadapore, Chota Nagpur ” [Madhya Pradesh]) (1 female). Not seen.

Bengalia varicolor: Townsend, 1931: 371 . Description of the examined male type of Musca varicolor Fabricius.

Bengalia bezzii: Senior-White et al., 1940: 99 . Records from Ceylon and India only.

Note. The record of “ bezzii ” from Philippines in Senior-White et al. is based only on the dissected holotype of Bengalia inermis Malloch , synonymised erroneously under bezzii . The latter species (now varicolor ) is not known from the Philippines ( Kurahashi & Magpayo 2000).

Bengalia varicolor: Hennig, 1941: 180 , in part. Two males and three females Villeneuve det. and Baranoff det. in SDEI, see below under Material examined. Taiwan.

Bengalia chromatella Séguy, 1946: 84 . Holotype female, fixed by monotypy, India (Tamil Nadu, Chennai [= Madras ]) (MNHN). Examined. Syn. nov.

Note. A modest number of black setulae present on the anepimeron. A pair of black setae on ST2–4. The specimen is possibly from Surcouf’s collection, cf. his statement to the effect that he is in the possession of “quatre exemplaires de Bengalia provenant de Trichinopoly et de Madras ...” ( Surcouf 1920: 36). The three others, all from Trichinopoly, are two specimens in MSNM and the holotype of pallidicoxa Séguy , see below .

Bengalia pallidicoxa Séguy, 1946: 84 . Holotype female, fixed by monotypy, India (Tamil Nadu, Tiruchchirāpalli [as “ Trichinopoly ”]) (MNHN). Examined. Syn. nov.

Note. This specimen is possibly also from the same series as the Bezzi (1913) specimen of varicolor , above, as it carries an identical locality label. A modest number of black setulae on anepimeron. A pair of black setae on ST2–4, otherwise only yellow ground setulae. [ Séguy (1946) always cites Caius’s name with the initial “P.”, whereas Bezzi (1913) and Surcouf (1920: 53) cite the name with the initial “F.”. All the labels I have seen with the Caius name on it also have an unmistakable “F.” as the single initial. I take “F. Caius” as the correct name.]

Musca varicolor: Zimsen, 1964: 489 . Entry no. 770 in list of Fabrician types of Diptera in ZMUC.

Bengalia latro: Fan, 1965: 191 , fig. 752. Misidentification, not latro de Meijere. China (Hainan, Zhejiang).

Note. Fan’s fig. 752, clearly shows a nick in the hind margin, which is never present in the ST5 flap of latro . Fan included Taiwan citing Hennig (1941), but Hennig’s records of “ latro ” from Taiwan are all based on misidentified specimens of emarginata .

Bengalia bezzii: James, 1966: 469 , fig. 5. India (Coimbatore).

Bengalia latro: Kurahashi, 1967: 257 , fig. 1. Misidentification, not latro de Meijere. Japan (Ryukyu Is.).

Note. Kurahashi’s fig. 1 on p. 258 clearly shows a nick in the hind margin, never present in the ST5 flap of latro . [There is an error of omission in the description of the tibiae on p. 258, compare with the corresponding text in Kano & Shinonaga, 1968: 100, which has the complete text].

Bengalia latro: Kano & Shinonaga, 1968: 99 , Plate XVI fig. 31. Misidentification, not latro de Meijere. Japan (Ryukyu Is).

Note. The ST5 flap is shown without a conspicuous indentation in the hind margin, a feature shown occasionally in varicolor , and which makes the ST5 flap very similar to the one in latro , but the aedeagus figured is definitely not from latro .

Bengalia bezzii: James, 1977: 528 . Catalogue entry.

Bengalia chromatella: James, 1977: 528 . Catalogue entry.

Bengalia pallidicoxa: James, 1977: 529 . Catalogue entry.

Bengalia varicolor: James, 1977: 530 . Catalogue entry. Applies only to type locality of Musca varicolor Fabricius.

Bengalia bezzii: Tumrasvin et al., 1979: 260 , Plate 1 fig. 4 (ST5 flap), Plate 2 fig. 23 (aedeagus in profile), Plate 3 fig. 31 (epandrium, cerci and surstyli in profile), Plate 4 fig. 44 (cerci, surstyli, dorsal view) [legend to this figure by error (some luck!) given as “ Bengalia varicolor ” on p. 267]. Thailand.

Note. Tumrasvin et al. illustrated a very important feature, namely the very dense vestiture on the underside of the distal section of the surstylus (Plate 3 fig. 31), but did not mention this feature anywhere in the text.

Bengalia latro: Maschwitz & Schönegge, 1980 . Misidentification, not latro de Meijere. Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura).

Note. One of Maschwitz & Schönegge’s specimens is in SMNS. See below for details.

Bengalia latro: Fan, 1992: 532 , fig. 1107i. Misidentification, not latro de Meijere. China (Hainan, Sichuan, Zhejiang).

Note. Fan again included Taiwan citing Hennig (1941), but Hennig’s records of “ latro ” from Taiwan are all based on misidentified specimens of emarginata .

Musca varicolor: Thompson & Pont, 1994: 131 . Entry in database of Musca names, given the annotation “ Calliphoridae , Bengalia varicolor Fabricius ”.

Bengalia bezzii: Kurahashi & Thapa, 1994: 216 . [In key only, no records from Nepal.]

Bengalia bezzii: Kurahashi et al., 1997: 40 . Malaysia (Malaya).

Bengalia bezzii: Fan 1997: 449 , figs. 138e, 138i. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Zhejiang), Taiwan.

observed in latro .

Bengalia bezzii: Kurahashi & Chowanadisai, 2001: 201 . Vietnam.

Bengalia bezzii: Kurahashi & Afzal, 2002: 220 . Pakistan.

Afridigalia bezzi [sic]: Lehrer, 2005: 28. India, Laos.

Note. For a discussion of the specimens examined by Lehrer, see above under entry for Bezzi (1913).

Bengalia bezzii: Verves, 2005: 238 . Catalogue entry.

Bengalia chromatella: Verves, 2005: 238 . Catalogue entry.

Bengalia pallidocoxa [sic]: Verves, 2005: 239. Catalogue entry.

Bengalia varicolor: Verves, 2005: 240 . Catalogue entry. Applies only to locality listed as “ India: … Tamil Nadu ”, which must be referring to the type locality of Musca varicolor .

Bengalia bezzi [sic]: Rognes, 2006: 460, 464, 465, 468. Thailand.

Afridigalia bezzi [sic]: Lehrer, 2006a: 6. Material identified from India (numerous localities cited: Coimbatore, Jeypore, Nilgiri Hills, Anamalaia Hills, Dehra Dun, Delhi Canton, Jubblepore, Tulsi, Luchnow), Indonesia (Java), Japan (Ryukyu Is.), Laos, Malaysia, Singapore [listed in error among Indian localities by Lehrer (2006a)], Taiwan.

Note. A male from Dehra Dun in BMNH re-examined. For details and comments, see above under entry for “ Bengalia surcoufi: Senior White 1924 ”, and under Material examined below.

Diagnosis. Male. Length 9–11mm (n=14). Frons at vertex / head width ratio: 0.317 –0.358 (mean 0.333, n=14). Fronto-orbital plate without proclinate orbital setae. Lunula bare. Anepimeron mostly clothed with yellow hairs, less than 12–15 (down to 1–2) black setulae in a bundle on the upper posterior part, elsewhere with yellow setulae only. Fore tibia with a number of small ventral spine-like setae in basal half, two of them stronger than the others, but not as long as tibial diameter ( Figs. 184, 185 ). No pv fringe distally on mid tibia, setae in this region shorter than diameter of mid tibia ( Fig. 197 ). Hind tibia usually with a weak av fringe ( Fig. 209 ), though occasionally elongated and erect setulae may extend on to v and pv side.

ST5 flap concave laterally, much narrower in basal than distal half, posterolateral corners usually rather acute, distal margin slightly convex and usually (but not always) with a small pronounced notch at middle ( Fig. 155 ).

Cerci curved in lateral view ( Fig. 153 ). Surstylus with a dense cover of yellow setulae on underside ( Fig. 158 ). Process of the bacilliform sclerite squarish with a pointed tip.

Distiphallus with prominent upturned dorsolateral wings ( Figs. 152, 157 ) and broad backwardly curved antlers, with a strong basal tooth ( Figs. 149, 152 ). Upper lip large, strengthened in middle, distal edge convex in dorsal view, and lip concave below as seen from in front ( Fig. 157 ). Lateral finger small and hardly projecting beyond lateralmost point of external hypophallic lobe ( Fig. 150 ). Internal hypophallic lobes not converging. External hypophallic lobe short, folded in its distal part, a shelf present ( Fig. 156 ). Ventral finger a rounded structure in lateral view ( Figs. 152, 156 ) not or hardly projecting beyond midventral wall of distiphallus. Anterior end of midventral wall level with middle of dorsolateral wings in profile view ( Fig. 152 ), thus giving the distiphallus a strongly “receding lower jaw” impression.

Female. Length 9–10mm (n=5). Frons at vertex / head width ratio: 0.317 –0.350 (mean 0.340, n=5). ST2– 4 with strong erect marginal setae. Ovipositor and spermathecae figured by Kano & Shinonaga (1968, as B. latro ). A female from Taiwan has very few black setulae on anepimeron, 0 on left, 1 on right side ( SDEI: “ Tainan / Formosa …”) .

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, Indonesia (Java), Japan (Ryukyu Is.), Laos, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Material examined. Type material. Musca varicolor Fabricius, 1805 . Holotype male, in ZMUC, labelled (1) “M: varicolor / e Tranqueb: Daldorff” [in black script] ( Fig. 160 ); (2) “TYPE” [red label, black print], (3) “ ZMUC / 00503992” [white label, black print]. Dissected by K. R. Musca varicolor was described by Fabricius (1805: 296) from “Habitat Tranquebariae Dom. Daldorff Mus. Dom. de Sehestedt” ( Fig. 161 ). A single male, regarded as holotype, is present in the Sehested and Tønder Lund collection in ZMUC as indicated by Zimsen (1964: 489) and Thompson & Pont (1994: 131). It has previously been examined by

Surcouf (1920; see above) and Townsend (1931: 371). It is in good condition ( Fig. 159 ) and fits the description ( Fig. 161 ). It lacks the fore right tibia and tarsus and the right first flagellomere, including the arista. Some dorsal abdominal setae are also lacking, and parts of the erect pale vestiture on the abdominal sternites are rubbed off. The pin is rather thick and the fly is very low on the pin. Tranquebar is the present day city of Tarangambadi in the province of Tamil Nadu in India.

153. Cerci and surstyli, dorsal view. 154. Cerci and surstyli, left lateral view. 155. ST5 flap. 156. Lateral finger, enlarged. 157. Upper lip and antlers, from in front. 158. surstylus, from below. Scale = 0.25mm ( Figures 149, 150, 152 ). Abbreviations: d. o. = dorsal opening; l. f. = lateral finger.

Bengalia bezzii Senior-White, 1923 . Holotype male, in BMNH [staged], labelled (1) “ Holo-type ” [printed on circular white label with red rim]; (2) “ CEYLON: / Suduganga / 20.i.1920 / among grass” [handwritten, except first two lines which are printed]; (3) “ Bengalia / bezzii, S.-W. / det. R.Senior White ” [handwritten, except last line which is printed]; (4) “TYPE.” [red handwriting]; (5) “Purchd. from / R.Senior White / B.M.1938-460.” [printed]; (6) “genitalia / on slide” [handwritten]. Slide (also in BMNH) is labelled “ Bengalia / bezzii S.-W. / ♂ genitalia. / 30.iv. 22 Type ” [handwritten]. Paratypes (all in BMNH): 1 female [staged] labelled (1) “Para-type” [printed on circular white label with yellow rim]; (2) “COTYPE” [red handwriting]; (3) “ CEYLON: / Suduganga / 7.xii.1921 / among grass” [handwritten, except first two lines which are printed]; (4) “ Bengalia / bezzii, S.-W. / det R.Senior White ” [handwritten, except last line which is printed]; (5) “Purchd. from / R.Senior White / B.M.1938-460.” [printed]. 1 female [staged], labelled (1) “Para-type” [printed on circular white label with yellow rim]; (2) “COTYPE” [red handwriting]; (3) “ CEYLON: / Suduganga / 10.xi.1918 / In garden” [handwritten, except first two lines which are printed]; (4) “ Bengalia / bezzii, S.-W. / det R.Senior White ” [handwritten, except last line which is printed]; (5) “Purchd. from / R.Senior White / B.M.1938-460.” [printed].

Bengalia chromatella Séguy, 1946 . Holotype female, in MNHN [staged], labelled (1) “Cragg / Guindy / Madras.” [printed]; (2) “TYPE” [printed on red label]; (3) “ Bengalia sp. incerta n o 2 Bezzi / probablement v. de varicolor” [handwritten in Surcouf’s hand]; (3) “ Bengalia / chromatella / ♀ Seg. TYPE / E. Séguy vid. 46” [handwritten in Séguy’s hand, except “ E. Séguy vid.” which is printed].

“ Bengalia / pallidicoxa / ♀ TYPE Séguy / E. Séguy vid. 46” [handwritten in Séguy’s hand, except “E. Séguy vid.” which is printed].

Other material. BMNH: 1 male labelled (1) “Dehra Dun. / U.P. [Uttar Pradesh] / India / Nov. 1907. / Lt.- Col. F. W. Thomson / I.M.S. / 1908—21.” [printed]; (2) “Probablement B. varicolor Fab. ” [handwritten in Surcouf’s hand]; (3) “ Afridigalia ♂ / bezzi [sic] (Senior-White) / Det. Dr. A. Z. Lehrer / 2005” [printed]; (4) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). The genitalia have been dissected by Lehrer. I have transferred them to a glass microvial. ST5 flap of usual shape, but without nick in hind margin. Again, Surcouf has identified the specimen correctly, having previously seen the Fabrician type (see above). CDPCAG: 1 male labelled (1) “Center for Disease Prevention and Control Anshun City, Guizhou / Longgong, Anshun City, 1200 m / Wei Lianmeng et al leg. / 19 September 1991 ” [In Chinese]; (2) “C080 … [Chinese name for B. bezzii ] / Bengalia bezzii / Senior-White, 1923 / ♂ ” [print on white label, male symbol in red]; (3) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). 1 male labelled (1) “Entomological Institute of Guizhou University, Guizhou, China / Yunnan, Xiaguan, Erhai / 1959 m / Yang Zaihua leg. / 24 August 2006 ” [In Chinese]; (2) “C080 … [Chinese name for B. bezzii ] / Bengalia bezzii / Senior-White, 1923 / ♂ ” [In Chinese, male symbol in red]; (3) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). Dissected by Wei Lianmeng, genitalia in alcohol in plastic vessel with lid, numbered “190”. MSNM: 1 male labelled: (1) “ INDE MÉRIDIONALE / TRICHINOPOLY / F. CAIUS 1911” [printed on yellowish label]; (2) “ B. varicolor ♂. / comparée au type.” [handwritten in Surcouf’s hand; label with black frame and three thin black ruled lines]; (3) “varicolor” [printed museum label]; (4) “ Bengalia ♂ / bezzi [sic] Senior-White / Det. Dr. A.Z.LEHRER / XII.2004 ” [printed]; (5) “ Bengalia ♂ / bezzi [sic] Senior-White / Det. Dr. A.Z.LEHRER / XII.2004 ” [printed]; (6) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). The eyes, mouthparts and much of the front part of thorax have been eaten away. The right mid leg and also the tibia and tarsus on the left mid leg are lost. The genitalia are in an exerted position and the cerci, surstyli, aedeagus and ST5 flap are all clearly visible and in a well preserved condition. NHRM: 1 male labelled (1) “ INDIA Kottayam / Malaise trap / 26–29.III.1990 / B. Gustafson” [printed]; (2) “ Bengalia ♂ / bezzii / Sen.-White, 1923 / Det. H. Kurahashi” [printed]; (3) “NRM STHLM / Loan 1707/08 [printed on green label]; (4) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). Kottayam is in Kerala. All legs missing except right hind femur and tibia. SDEI: 1 male labelled (1) “Kankau (Koshun) / Formosa / H. Sauter 1912” [printed]; (2) “7. VII.” [printed]; (3) “coll. Oldenberg” [printed]; (4) “det. Baranoff” [printed]; (5) “ Bengalia / varicolor / Fabr.” [handwritten]; (6) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). ST5 flap visible. 1 male labelled (1) “Koshun / Formosa / Sauter VII 08” [printed, except “VII 08” which is handwritten]; (2) “ Bengalia / varicolor F. / Villeneuve det.” [handwritten in Villeneuve’s hand, except last line which is printed]; (3) “Villeneuve det.” [printed]; (4) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). Dissected by K. R. Abdominal T1–5 glued to card on pin, genitalia in glycerol in vial on pin. Both males have a very weakly developed fringe on hind tibia. 1 female labelled (1) “Kankau (Formosa) / H. Sauter VII. 1912 ” [printed]; (2) “Townsend det.” [printed]; (3) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). 1 female labelled (1) “Kankau (Koshun) / Formosa / H. Sauter 1912” [printed]; (2) “7. VII.” [printed]; (3) “coll. Oldenberg” [printed]; (4) “det. Baranoff” [printed]; (5) “ Bengalia / varicolor / Fabr.” [handwritten]; (5) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). 1 female labelled (1) “Tainan / Formosa” [handwritten in weak ink]; (2) “Sauter / 4. 1910” [handwritten]; (3) “coll. Oldenberg” [printed]; (4) “det. Baranoff” [printed]; (5) “ Bengalia / varicolor / Fabr.” [handwritten]; (6) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). Lunula bare. SMNS: 1 male labelled (1) “ Bengalia / latro Meij. / B. Herting det.” [handwritten, except last line which is printed]; (2) “Ceylon / Maschwitz” [handwritten in Herting’s hand]; (3) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). A very dark specimen. Thorax and abdomen dark grey, also femora, but humeral and postalar callus yellow. Tibia, tarsi and ST1–3 yellow. About 15 black setulae on anepimeron. Appears to have been dried from alcohol. ST5 flap without nick. USNM: 1 male labelled (1) “11.vii.17 / COIMBATORE / Praying on / ant pupae / ISAAC COLL.” [handwritten, except lines 2 and 5 which are printed]; (2) “ B. bezzii . Wetlands / Resting in grass / A. A. COLL: 1.XI.21” [handwritten, except lines 1 and 4 which are printed]; (2) “ USNM / 2047114” [printed]; (3) My determination labels ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). 2 males labelled (1) “COIMBATORE / resting on grass / 2.XI.21 / A. A. COLL:” [handwritten, except lines 1 and 4 which are printed]; (2) “ USNM / 2047114” [printed]; (3) My determination labels ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). One male dissected by K. R. ZMUC: 1 male labelled (1) “ THAILAND, Chieng Mai Province / Doi Inthanon N. P.: Huai Sai / Luang 10–1100 m, 14.x.1981 / Zool. Mus. Copenhagen leg.” [printed]; (2) “ Bengalia ♂ / bezzii / Sen.-White, 1923 / Det. H. Kurahashi” [printed]; (3) “Dissected / January 2006 / by Knut Rognes” [printed]; (4) My determination label ( varicolor Fabr. = bezzii S.-W.). Genitalia in vial on pin, T1–5 glued to card on pin.

Figures

FIGURES 149–158. Bengalia varicolor (Fabricius), male (from holotype of Musca varicolor Fabricius in ZMUC). 149. Distiphallus, dorsal view. 150. Distiphallus, ventral view. 151. Pre- and postgonites. 152. Distiphallus, left lateral view.

FIGURES 159–161. Bengalia varicolor (Fabricius), male (from holotype of Musca varicolor Fabricius in ZMUC). 159. Fly habitus, left lateral view. 160. Three labels, including the original in Fabricius’s hand. 161. Original description from Fabricius (1805: 296–297).

FIGURES 173–186. Bengalia peuhi species-group, male fore tibia. 173. B. emarginata Malloch (holotype). 174. B. emarginatoides sp. nov. (BMNH, paratype, “Kandy, Ceylon …”). 175. B. emdeniella (Lehrer) (holotype). 176. B. fani Feng & Wei (holotype). 177. B. inermis Malloch (SDEI, “Los Banos”). 178. B. latro de Meijere (ZMAN, paralectotype ... 0118.11). 179. B. lyneborgi James (ZMUC, paratype “… Mantalingajan …”). 180. B. pseudovaricolor Kurahashi & Tumrasvin (holotype). 181. B. surcoufi Senior-White (holotype). 182. B. taksina (Lehrer) (holotype of Afridigalia taksina Lehrer). 183. B. unicolor Séguy (holotype). 184. B. varicolor (Fabricius) (holotype of Musca varicolor Fabricius). 185. B. varicolor (Fabricius) (holotype of Bengalia bezzii Senior-White). 186. B. weii sp. nov. (paratype).

FIGURES 187–198. Bengalia peuhi species-group, male mid tibia. 187. B. emarginata Malloch (holotype). 188. B. emdeniella (Lehrer) (holotype). 189. B. fani Feng & Wei (holotype). 190. B. inermis Malloch (SDEI, “Los Banos”). 191. B. latro de Meijere (USNM, paralectotype with red syntype label). 192. B. lyneborgi James (ZMUC, paratype “… Mantalingajan …”). 193. B. pseudovaricolor Kurahashi & Tumrasvin (holotype). 194. B. surcoufi Senior-White (BMNH, paratype 1, 14.vi.1920). 195. B. taksina (Lehrer) (BPBM, undissected). 196. B. unicolor Séguy (holotype). 197. B. varicolor (Fabricius) (CDPCAG, Guizhou, Longgong, Anshun City). 198. B. weii sp. nov. (paratype).

FIGURES 199–210. Bengalia peuhi species-group, male hind tibia. 199. B. emarginata Malloch (holotype). 200. B. emdeniella (Lehrer) (holotype). 201. B. fani Feng & Wei (holotype). 202. B. inermis Malloch (SDEI, “Los Banos”). 203. B. latro de Meijere (USNM, paralectotype with red syntype label). 204. B. lyneborgi James (ZMUC, paratype “… Mantalingajan …”). 205. B. pseudovaricolor Kurahashi & Tumrasvin (holotype). 206. B. surcoufi Senior-White (holotype). 207. B. taksina (Lehrer) (holotype of Afridigalia taksina Lehrer). 208. B. unicolor Séguy (holotype). 209. B. varicolor (Fabricius) (CDPCAG, Guizhou, Longgong, Anshun City). 210. B. weii sp. nov. (paratype).