Eurytoma morio, BOHEMAN, 1836

Delvare, Gérard, Gebiola, Marco, Zeiri, Asma & Garonna, A. P., 2014, Revision and phylogeny of the European species of the Eurytoma morio species group (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), parasitoids of bark and wood boring beetles, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171 (2), pp. 370-421 : 401-404

EURYTOMA MORIO BOHEMAN, 1836

( FIGS 22A–J , 23A–D , 32G–I , 33A–C )

Eurytoma acuminata Walker, 1834: 154 . Original description. France.

Eurytoma morio Boheman, 1836: 241–242 . Original description. Sweden.

Eurytoma Scultenna Walker, 1844: 20 . Original description. UK.

Eurytoma ischioxanthos Ratzeburg, 1844: 174 . Original description. Germany.

Host: Hylesinus fraxini (Panzer, 1779) ( Curculionidae Scolytinae ). Mayr, 1878: 323. Redescription.

Eurytoma eccoptogastri Ratzeburg, 1844: 174 . Original description. Germany.

Hosts: Scolytus rugulosus ( Curculionidae : Scolytinae ); Tetrops (= Saperda ) praeustus (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Cerambycidae ), Magdalis sp. ( Curculionidae : Scolytinae ). Györfi, 1939 & 1941: Hungary. Host: S. rugulosus . Host plant: Malus communis . Goidanich, 1941. Italia. Host: S. rugulosus .

Eurytoma flavoscapularis Ratzeburg, 1844: 173 . Original description. No locality.

Host: Hylesinus fraxini (Panzer, 1779) ( Curculionidae : Scolytinae ).

Eurytoma flavovaria Ratzeburg, 1844: 173 . Original description. Poland (Oberschlesien).

Host: Hylesinus fraxini (Panzer, 1779) ( Curculionidae : Scolytinae ).

Eurytoma umbilicata Thomson, 1876: 49 . Original description. Sweden.

Eurytoma bargaglii Rondani, 1877: 179 . Original description. Italy. Boucˇ ek, 1974: 245. Lectotype designation.

= Eurytoma acuminata Walker : Dalla Torre, 1898: 339.

= Eurytoma ischioxanthos Ratzeburg : Ferrière, 1950: 395.

= Eurytoma umbilicata Thomson : Ferrière, 1950: 395.

Eurytoma fraxinicola Hedqvist, 1963: 35–36 . Original description. Sweden.

Host: Hylesinus fraxini (Panzer, 1779) .

= Eurytoma scultenna Walker : Graham, 1970: 151.

= Eurytoma bargaglii Rondani : Boucˇek, 1974: 245.

= Eurytoma masii Russo : Szelényi, 1976: 175 (erroneous synonymy).

= Eurytoma fraxinicola Hedqvist : Zerova, 1995: 158.

= Eurytoma eccoptogastri Ratzeburg, 1844 syn. nov.

= Eurytoma flavoscapularis Ratzeburg, 1844 syn. nov.

= Eurytoma flavovaria Ratzeburg, 1844 syn. nov.

= Eurytoma masii var. flavonigra Russo, 1938 syn. nov.

Type material: Eurytoma acuminata . None. No information on this species or type material could be found since the original description, except a doubtful synonymy by Dalla Torre (1898), who certainly did not examine the relevant types. It is therefore preferable to continue to use E. morio , the species name used by all further authors. Eurytoma morio . No remnants of the type series of E. morio exist. Ferrière (1950), then Graham (1970), Boucˇek (1974), and finally Zerova (1995) followed the interpretation of Thomson. In the MZLU, three females and two males stand under this name (in Thomson’s handwriting). The males and one of the female belong to the appendigaster species group, and do not agree with the concept of the species provided by Ferrière (1950), who acted as the first reviser. Two females agree with the present interpretation, and were labelled as such by G.D. They are pinned with the gaster glued on small pieces of paper. The first female is labelled ‘G’ (manuscript)/‘1980 148’; the second is labelled ‘Ris 21.5’ (manuscript). Eurytoma scultenna . Lectotype ♂, designated by Graham (in BMNH) . Eurytoma eccoptogastri . None, as the Ratzeburg collection was destroyed. As for the other species described by Ratzeburg, we must therefore consider the information provided in the original description, especially the host(s), locality, and short descriptions, themselves. The description mentions: female from ‘kranken Apfelzweigen, in welchen besonders Eccoptogaster rugulosus , Saperda praeusta und eine Magdalis’. From the original description it could be any of E. morio , E. striolata , or E. melanoneura , which occur at the same time on dead trunks of deciduous trees on such hosts. The large size seems to exclude E. maura . We synonymize E. eccoptogastri with E. morio , which is widespread and present in the same region as for its type series. Eurytoma flavoscapularis . None. The original description mentions one female without locality reared by ‘Hr. Saxesen mit der Bemerkung In den Gängen von Hylesinus Fraxini , aber nur einmal gefunden’. Again this is a parasitoid of Hylesinus fraxini . The original colour, especially the yellowish margin of the oral fossa, again suggests a specimen belonging to E. morio . Eurytoma flavovaria . None. The male was reared from ‘ Hylesinus fraxini ’, varieties pallida, pallidissima, and obscura: ‘ 14 Exemplare vom Hrn. Oberförster Radzay aus Oberschlesien’. According to the original description this species is most probably a junior synonym of E. morio . The variation in coloration is especially distinctive of males of E. morio . We have seen specimens from this region and E. morio is often collected on Fraxinus trees infested by wood boring beetles. Eurytoma ischioxanthos . None, as the Ratzeburg collection was destroyed. The species was described from ‘Mehrere ♂, wahrscheinlich mit E. flavovaria gemeinschaftlich aus Hylesinus Fraxini von Oberschlesien’. Eurytoma umbilicata . Lectotype ♀, designated by Graham (in LUZN). See Figure 9B for labelling. Eurytoma masii var. flavonigra . Lectotype ♂, here designated, glued on a rectangular card and labelled ‘Cancello VI-935 ulivo’ (manuscript)/‘ Eurytoma Masii Russo ♂ – var.’ (manuscript, different writing)/ ‘ Eurytoma Masii var. flavonigra Russo’ (manuscript, still different writing) (in MES). Eurytoma fraxinicola . Holotype ♀ (in BMNH, previously in Hedqvist collection). For labelling, see Figure 9C . The synonymy with E. morio was established by Zerova (1995).

Remarks

The synonymies established by Graham (1970) and Zerova (1995), respectively, are validated here. Eurytoma ischioxanthos was synonymized with E. morio by Ferrière (1950) according to the re-description provid- ed by Mayr (1878), who acted hence as the first reviser. This synonymy is accepted here.

The species is quite variable in coloration, especially in the males, which explains the numerous synonyms based on colour pattern ( Ratzeburg, 1844; Russo, 1938). We confirm the identifications provided by Boucˇek, Graham, and Zerova, and hence the relevant occurrences in the literature, through the examination of specimens determined by these authors.

Diagnosis

Edge of oral fossa and subantennal stripe often yellowish. Head relatively transverse in dorsal view, 1.75– 2.00 times as wide as long. Clypeus moderately emarginate on ventral margin (less so than in E. melanoneura and E. striolata ). Lower face punctured with short radiating ridges. Setation on lower face dense but fairly thick. Outline of genae slightly convex. OOL slightly greater than lateral ocelli diameter. Funicular segments fusiform, all longer than wide, bearing numerous MPS. Clava moderately to broadly rounded at apex. Walls of punctures not forming crests on pronotum. Notauli obliterated by the sculpture of the mesoscutum, somewhat crenulate. Median channel of propodeum well impressed and distinct, generally with complete median ridge. Metacoxa densely setose dorsally from base. Lower surface of costal cell bearing numerous short setae, leaving a narrow posterior stripe bare. Marginal vein somewhat thickened, 4.5–5.0 times as long as wide. Membrane hyaline below marginal vein. Petiole with mediodorsal ridge following the anterior tooth. Gaster long and strongly compressed. Mediodorsal length of syntergum longer than GT6. Ovipositor evidently ascending ( Fig. 22I–J ).

Hosts

Because of the confusion between several species, the hosts quoted in the literature must be interpreted with caution. Our rearing included Phloeotribus scarabaeoides on olive trees; we examined specimens reared from Scolytus ensifer (Eichhoff, 1881) on Ulmus sp. The species is very often collected on logs and dying deciduous trees.

Distribution

Eurytoma morio is quite common and widely distributed. We examined specimens from France, including Corsica, Italy, Slovenia, and Poland (see Appendix S4 and Fig. S 8 in Appendix S8).

Figures

Figures 8. A–D, measurements of adult Eurytoma (continued): A, mesosoma in dorsal view; B, gaster in lateral view; C, forewing; D, forewing venation. Abbreviations listed in Appendix S5.

Figure 9. A–I, labelling of some types. A, lectotype ♀ of Eurytoma arctica Thomson, 1875; B, lectotype ♀ of Eurytoma umbilicata Thomson, 1876; C, holotype ♀ of Eurytoma blastophagi Hedqvist, 1963; D, holotype ♀ of Eurytoma fraxinicola Hedqvist, 1963; E, paratype ♀ of Eurytoma annilai Hedqvist, 1974; F, holotype ♀ of Eurytoma kangasi Hedqvist, 1966; G, paratype ♀ of Eurytoma kangasi Hedqvist, 1966; H, allotype ♂ of Eurytoma kangasi Hedqvist, 1966; I, holotype ♀ of Eurytoma kemalpasensis Narendran, Tezcan & Civelek, 1995.

Figure 22. A–J, female Eurytoma morio: A, head in dorsal view; B, antenna; C, mesosoma in dorsal view; D, head and mesosoma in lateral view; E, propodeum; F, forewing; G, base of forewing; H, apical venation; I, gaster in lateral view; J, apex of gaster.

Figure 23. A–D, male Eurytoma morio: A, head and mesosoma in lateral view; B, propodeum; C, antenna; D, scape.

Figure 32. A–O, SEM images of female Eurytoma heads in frontal view: A–C, Eurytoma laricis; D–F, Eurytoma aloisifilippoi; G–I, Eurytoma morio; J–L, Eurytoma striolata (major form); M–O, Eurytoma striolata (minor form). A, D, G, J, M, head; B, E, H, K, N, lower face; C, F, I, L, O, clypeus.

Figure 33. A–I, SEM images of male Eurytoma heads in frontal view: A–C, Eurytoma morio; D–F, Eurytoma striolata (major form); G–I, Eurytoma striolata (minor form). A, D, G, head; B, E, H, lower face; C, F, I, clypeus.