Salka Dworakowska, 1972

Lin, Shuanghu, Zou, Hongfen, Huang, Min & Zhang, Yalin, 2023, Taxonomic study of the leafhopper genus Salka Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini) from China, with descriptions of seven new species, Zootaxa 5228 (4), pp. 394-410 : 394-399

Salka Dworakowska, 1972

Salka Dworakowska, 1972: 778 ; Chiang & Knight, 1990: 229; Sohi & Mann, 1994: 31; Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 23; Ohara, 2012: 22; Song & Li, 2016: 445

Type species: Zygina nigricana Matsumura, 1932

Description. Body medium sized, ground color from dirty yellow to brown or brownish black. Head about equal to pronotum in width, eyes gray to blackish, crown with large black median anterior patch or spot, vertex slightly produced, coronal suture distinct but not extended to vertex. Face convex or flat in profile, frontoclypeal area long, anteclypeus long and slim, lorum broad. Pronotum with an obvious transverse impression medially. Forewing semitransparent, with first apical cell broadest and second apical cell narrowest, fourth apical cell not extended to tip of wing, AA and AP vein visible. Hind wing transparent, slightly brownish to smoky, RA vein invisible, submarginal vein (av) developed.

Male 2S abdominal apodemes short, usually not exceeding sternite III, extending to anterior part of sternite IV in a few species. Anal tube usually without appendage.

Pygofer with dorsal appendage, ventral appendage present or absent. Pygofer lobe usually with several microsetae scattered on distal part or only near posterior margin and group of peg-like setae or several slim microsetae at cephalo-ventral angle, some species with 1–2 macrosetae around dorsal appendage. Subgenital plate usually slightly expanded subbasally, with row of microsetae along outer margin, subbasal setae larger and forming a group, with 3–7 macrosetae of different lengths near middle and several microsetae scattered on distal part. Style with apex variably shaped, several sensory pits near preapical lobe, preapical lobe distinct. Connective usually with both manubrium and central lobe. Aedeagal shaft tubular or slightly compressed, with distal processes in most species, usually without preatrium process, gonopore situated at or distad of midlength on ventral surface.

Distribution. Palaearctic, Oriental regions.

Species checklist of Salka from China

S. abbotta Chiang & Knight, 1990: 229 , Fig. 22. China (Taiwan)

S. acicula Song & Li, 2016: 227 , Figs 1–7 . China (Hainan)

S. addonica Chiang & Knight, 1990: 231 , Fig. 23. China (Taiwan)

S. aequilonga Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1q–t , 7 . China (Zhejiang)

S. arenaria Sohi & Mann, 1994: 32 , Figs 1–8 . China (Taiwan)

S. armata Dworakowska, 1976: 42 , Figs 295–303; Sohi & Mann, 1994:33. China (Taiwan)

S. asna Dworakowska, 1976: 42 , Figs 283–294; Sohi & Mann, 1994:33. China (Taiwan)

S. belanda Sohi & Mann, 1994: 33 , Figs 9 –18. China (Taiwan)

S. cambera Song & Li, 2016: 449 , Figs 8 –15. China (Henan)

S. canara Sohi & Mann, 1994:34 , Figs 19–30. China (Taiwan)

S. cerviprocessa Song & Li, 2012: 51 , Figs 1–8 . China (Guizhou)

S. congjianga Song & Li, 2012: 52 , Figs 9 –18. China (Guizhou)

S. crassiprocessa Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009:25 , Figs 1 –11, 71–72. China (Yunnan)

S. decorata Dworakowska, 2010: 48 , Figs 1 –10. China (Taiwan)

S. delphiura Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1a–d , 3 . China (Hunan)

S. diacora Chiang & Knight, 1990: 232 , Fig. 24. China (Taiwan)

S. diaoluoensis Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 29 , Figs 27–32, 77–78. China (Hainan)

S. dipteriga Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1e–h , 4 . China (Hunan)

S. extrela Chiang & Knight, 1990: 234 , Fig. 25. China (Taiwan)

S. fanjinga Song & Li, 2012: 52 , Figs 19–25. China (Guizhou)

S. fujiwara Chiang & Knight, 1990: 235 , Fig. 26. China (Taiwan)

S. gaza Dworakowska, 2010: 53 , Figs 53–63. China (Taiwan)

S. guilinensis Song & Li, 2012: 55 , Figs 26–33. China (Guangxi)

S. gviazdka Dworakowska, 2010: 49 , Figs 11–20. China (Taiwan)

S. hadija Sohi & Mann, 1994: 36 , Figs 49–57. China (Taiwan)

S. jaga Sohi & Mann, 1994: 36 , Figs 58–65. China (Taiwan)

S. jianfengensis Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 29 , Figs 21–26, 75–76, 89. China (Hainan)

S. jiangshiensis Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 33 , Figs 47–53, 83–84. China (Fujian)

S. kerzhneri Dworakowska, 2006 China (Yunnan); Vietnam

S. lamella Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 26 , Figs 12–20, 73–74. China (Yunnan)

S. lamellipenia Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1i–l , 5 . China (Hunan)

S. limboserrata Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1m –p , 6 . China (Hunan)

S. lobata Dworakowska, 1976: 42 , Figs 304–311. China (Taiwan)

S. longihamata Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 36 , Figs 54–61, 85–86. China (Yunnan)

S. longipenia Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1u–x , 8 . China (Guangxi)

S. longiprocessa Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 33 , Figs 39–46, 81–82. China (Yunnan)

S. mamiya Dworakowska, 2010: 52 , Figs 42–52. China (Taiwan)

S. musica Sohi & Mann, 1994: 40 , Figs 85–94. China (Taiwan)

S. nangongensis Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 29 , Figs 33–38, 79–80. China (Yunnan)

S. nigricans ( Matsumura, 1932) : 114; Chiang & Knight, 1990: 236, Fig. 27. China (Taiwan)

S. opta Dworakowska, 2010: 55 , Figs 75–87. China (Taiwan)

S. qusa Dworakowska, 2010: 56 , Figs 88–98. China (Taiwan)

S. remanei Dworakowska, 2010: 50 , Figs 21–31. China (Taiwan)

S. rubronigra Sohi & Mann, 1994: 44 , Figs 120–130. China (Taiwan)

S. singularis Zhang, Yang & Huang, 2009: 36 , Figs 62–70, 87–88, 90. China (Yunnan)

S. sinica Sohi & Mann, 1994: 46 , Figs 139–147. China (Hubei, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou)

S. songae Song & Li, 2012: 56 , Figs 34–41. China (Yunnan)

S. taopenna Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 2a–d , 9 . China (Hunan)

S. taoyuanensis Song & Li, 2012: 56 , Figs 42–48. China (Taiwan)

S. triangula Chiang & Knight, 1990: 239 , Fig. 28. China (Taiwan)

S. triprocessa Song & Li, 2012: 58 , Figs 49–57. China (Taiwan)

S. wiejska Dworakowska, 2010: 51 , Figs 32–41. China (Taiwan)

S. xepima Sohi & Mann, 1994: 49 , Figs 158–167. China (Taiwan)

S. yeroboa Dworakowska, 2010: 54 , Figs 64–74. China (Taiwan)

S. yvona Dworakowska, 2010: 57 , Figs 99–109. China (Taiwan)

S. zoza Sohi & Mann, 1994: 50 , Figs 168–177. China (Taiwan)

Key to species of the genus Salka from China (males)

1. Pygofer lobe with dorsal appendage only ( Figs 3a, c 1 , c 2 , 4a, c , 6a, c , 9a, c )....................................... 2

- Pygofer lobe with dorsal and ventral appendage ( Figs 5a, c , 7a, c, d , 8a, c )....................................... 21

2. Aedeagal shaft with paired apical processes ( Figs 3g, h )....................................................... 3

- Aedeagal shaft without paired apical processes ( Figs 4g, h , 6g, h , 9g, h )......................................... 11

3. Aedeagal shaft with basal process on ventral side............................................................ 4

- Aedeagal shaft without basal process on ventral side ( Figs 3g, h )................................................ 5

4. Aedeagus with 1 preatrium process.................................................... S. congjianga Song & Li

- Aedeagus with pair of preatrium processes.................................. S. longiprocessa Zhang, Yang & Huang

5. Aedeagus with pair of serrated lamellae subapically................................. S. lamella Zhang, Yang & Huang

- Aedeagus without serrated lamellae subapically ( Figs 3g, h )................................................... 6

6. Aedeagus with apical processes more than 1/2 length of shaft ( Figs 3g, h )........................................ 7

- Aedeagal shaft with apical processes short, spinelike........................................ S. fanjinga Song & Li

7. Aedeagal apical processes bifurcated medially or subapically.................................................. 8

- Aedeagal apical processes not bifurcated ( Figs 3g, h )......................................................... 9

8. Aedeagal apical processes bifurcated subapically......................................... S. guilinensis Song & Li

- Aedeagal apical processes bifurcated medially.......................................... S. kerzhneri Dworakowska

9. Aedeagal dorsal apodeme slim and stick-like ( Figs 3g, h )..................................................... 10

- Aedeagal dorsal apodeme broad............................................ S. nangongensis Zhang, Yang & Huang

10. Pygofer dorsal appendage with apex not bifurcated............................ S. crassiprocessa Zhang, Yang & Huang

- Pygofer dorsal appendage with apex bifurcated ( Figs 3g, h )......................... S. delphiura Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

11. Aedeagal shaft with basal process on ventral side........................................................... 12

- Aedeagal shaft without basal process on ventral side ( Figs 4g, h , 6g, h , 9g, h )..................................... 13

12. Aedeagal preatrium process not bifurcated...................................... S. singularis Zhang, Yang & Huang

- Aedeagal preatrium process bifurcated............................................... S. cerviprocessa Song & Li

13. Aedeagal shaft without processes........................................................................ 14

- Aedeagal shaft with processes ( Figs 4g, h , 6g, h , 9g, h )...................................................... 15

14. Aedeagal shaft with lateral margins serrated distally in ventral view............... S. longihamata Zhang, Yang & Huang

- Aedeagal shaft with lateral margins smoothed distally in ventral view............................ S. songae Song & Li

15. Aedeagal shaft with 1 process below apex ( Figs 9g, h )....................................................... 16

- Aedeagal shaft with 1 pair of processes below apex ( Figs 4g, h , 6g, h ).......................................... 17

16. Aedeagal shaft with 1 basal process on dorsal side.......................................... S. cambera Song & Li

- Aedeagal shaft with 1 subapical process on dorsal side ( Figs 9g, h ).................... S. taopenna Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

17. Aedeagal shaft with processes basally..................................................... S. zoza Sohi & Mann

- Aedeagal shaft with processes medially or subapically ( Figs 4g, h , 6g, h )........................................ 18

18. Aedeagal shaft processes with both margins serrated ( Figs 6g, h )............................................... 19

- Aedeagal shaft processes with both margins smooth ( Figs 4g, h )............................................... 20

19. Aedeagus with preatrium process ( Figs 6g, h ).................................. S. limboserrata Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

- Aedeagus without preatrium process................................................... S. belanda Sohi & Mann

20. Aedeagal shaft with processes slim......................................... S. diaoluoensis Zhang, Yang & Huang

- Aedeagal shaft with processes broad ( Figs 4g, h ).................................. S. dipteriga Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

21. Aedeagus with preatrium process........................................................................ 22

- Aedeagus without preatrium process ( Figs 5g, h , 7h, i , 8g, h ).................................................. 23

22. Pygofer ventral appendage with apex exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe..................... S. sinica Sohi & Mann

- Pygofer ventral appendage with apex not exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe................... S. opta Dworakowska

23. Aedeagal shaft with basal process....................................................................... 24

- Aedeagal shaft without basal process ( Figs 5g, h , 7h, i , 8g, h )................................................. 28

24. Aedeagal shaft with 1 basal process................................................. S. diacora Chiang & Knight

- Aedeagal shaft with 1 pair of basal processes.............................................................. 25

25. Aedeagal shaft with paired basal and apical processes.................................... S. taoyuanensis Song & Li

- Aedeagal shaft with paired basal processes only............................................................ 26

26. Style with 3 apical teeth.............................................................. S. musica Sohi & Mann

- Style with 2 apical teeth............................................................................... 27

27. Subgenital plate with 1 lamelliform process on inner margin..................... S. jiangshiensis Zhang, Yang & Huang

- Subgenital plate without process on inner margin........................................... S. hadija Sohi & Mann

28. Aedeagal shaft without apical process ( Figs 5g, h , 7h, i , 8g, h )................................................. 29

- Aedeagal shaft with apical process....................................................................... 37

29. Aedeagal shaft with process medially or subapically......................................................... 30

- Aedeagal shaft without processes subapically ( Figs 5g, h , 7h, i , 8g, h )........................................... 33

30. Aedeagal shaft with 1 process subapically............................................ S. fujiwara Chiang & Knight

- Aedeagal shaft with 1 pair of processes medially or subapically................................................ 31

31. Aedeagal shaft with processes subapically............................................. S. extrela Chiang & Knight

- Aedeagal shaft with processes medially................................................................... 32

32. Aedeagal shaft with 1 pair of triangular processes near middle................................ S. xepima Sohi & Mann

- Aedeagal shaft with 1 pair of finger-like processes near middle................................. S. acicula Song & Li

33. Pygofer dorsal appendage expanded medially on dorsal side............................ S. addonica Chiang & Knight

- Pygofer dorsal appendage not expanded medially on dorsal side ( Figs 5a, c , 7a, c , 8a, c )............................ 34

34. Aedeagal shaft curved in lateral view ( Figs 5g, h , 7h, i )...................................................... 35

- Aedeagal shaft almost straight in lateral view ( Figs 8g, h ).................................................... 36

35. Aedeagus with preatrium developed ( Figs 5g, h )................................ S. lamellipenia Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

- Aedeagus with preatrium rudimentary ( Figs 7h, i )............................... S. aequilonga Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

36. Aedeagal shaft exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe ( Figs 8g, h )................... S. longipenia Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft not exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe.................................. S. arenaria Sohi & Mann

37. Aedeagal shaft with 1 or 3 apical processes................................................................ 38

- Aedeagal shaft with 1 pair of apical processes.............................................................. 43

38. Aedeagal shaft with 3 apical processes................................................................... 39

- Aedeagal shaft with 1 apical process..................................................................... 40

39. Pygofer ventral appendage with apex exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe................... S. triprocessa Song & Li

- Pygofer ventral appendage with apex not exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe.................. S. qusa Dworakowska

40. Pygofer ventral appendage with apex not exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe................. S. lobata Dworakowska

- Pygofer ventral appendage with apex exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe..................................... 41

41. Pygofer ventral appendage with apex distinctly exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe............................. 42

- Pygofer ventral appendage with apex slightly exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe............ S. yeroboa Dworakowska

42. Aedeagal shaft with 1 process subapically............................................... S. remanei Dworakowska

- Aedeagal shaft without process subapically............................................ S. abbotta Chiang & Knight

43. Aedeagal shaft with asymmetrical apical processes.......................................................... 44

- Aedeagal shaft with symmetrical apical processes.......................................................... 49

44. Aedeagal shaft processes close to shaft............................................... S. rubronigra Sohi & Mann

- Aedeagal shaft processes not close to shaft................................................................ 45

45. Aedeagal shaft with longer process bifurcated.............................................................. 46

- Aedeagal shaft with longer process not bifurcated........................................................... 47

46. Aedeagal shaft with shorter process not bifurcated........................................... S. jaga Sohi & Mann ,

- Aedeagal shaft with shorter process bifurcated............................................. S. gaza Dworakowska

47. Aedeagal shaft with ventral margin serrated............................................ S. gviazdka Dworakowska

- Aedeagal shaft with ventral margin smooth................................................................ 48

48. Aedeagal shaft with apical process robust............................................... S. wiejska Dworakowska

- Aedeagal shaft with apical process slim............................................. S. triangula Chiang & Knight

49. Aedeagal shaft with angulated subapical process on dorsal side................................ S. asna Dworakowska

- Aedeagal shaft without subapical process on dorsal side...................................................... 50

50. Aedeagal shaft with lateral margins serrated near middle in ventral view........................ S. canara Sohi & Mann

- Aedeagal shaft with lateral margins not serrated near middle in ventral view...................................... 51

51. Apical processes longer than or almost equal to 1/2 length of aedeagal shaft...................................... 52

- Apical processes shorter than 1/2 length of aedeagal shaft.................................................... 53

52. Apical processes longer than 1/2 length of aedeagal shaft........................ S. jianfengensis Zhang, Yang & Huang

- Apical processes almost equal to 1/2 length of aedeagal shaft.............................. S. decorata Dworakowska

53. Aedeagal shaft bent dorsad at right angle near midlength................................... S. armata Dworakowska

- Aedeagal shaft only slightly and gradually curved dorsad or sinuate............................................ 54

54. Aedeagal shaft without asymmetrical angulate processes near middle........................................... 55

- Aedeagal shaft with asymmetrical angulate processeses near middle.......................... S. mamiya Dworakowska

55. Pygofer ventral appendage with apex exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe.................... S. yvona Dworakowska

- Pygofer ventral appendage with apex not exceeding hind margin of pygofer lobe................ S. nigricans (Matsumura)

Figures

FIGURE 1. a–d. Salka delphiura Lin & Zhang sp. nov. e–h. Salka dipteriga Lin & Zhang sp. nov. i–l. Salka lamellipenia Lin & Zhang sp. nov. m–p. Salka limboserrata Lin & Zhang sp. nov. q–t. Salka aequilonga Lin & Zhang sp. nov. u–x. Salka longipenia Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q, s, u, w. dorsal view; b, f, j, n, r, v. lateral view; d, h, l, p, t, x. face.

FIGURE 2. a–d. Salka taopenna Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a, c. dorsal view; b. lateral view; d. face.

FIGURE 3. Salka delphiura Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c1. pygofer dorsal appendage, lateral view; c2. pygofer dorsal appendage, posterior view; d. connective; e. style, ventral view; f. style, lateral view; g. aedeagus, lateral view; h. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 4. Salka dipteriga Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. connective; e. style, ventral view; f. style, lateral view; g. aedeagus, lateral view; h. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 5. Salka lamellipenia Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. connective; e. style, ventral view; f. style, lateral view; g. aedeagus, lateral view; h. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 6. Salka limboserrata Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. connective; e. style, ventral view; f. style, lateral view; g. aedeagus, lateral view; h. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 7. Salka aequilonga Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. pygofer ventral appendage; e. connective; f. style, ventral view; g. style, lateral view; h. aedeagus, lateral view; i. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 8. Salka longipenia Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. connective; e. style, ventral view; f. style, lateral view; g. aedeagus, lateral view; h. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 9. Salka taopenna Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. connective; e. style, ventral view; f. style, lateral view; g. aedeagus, lateral view; h. aedeagus, ventral view.