Copestylum barbara, Rotheray & Hancock & Marcos-García, 2007

Rotheray, G. E., Hancock, E. G. & Marcos-García, M. A., 2007, Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (2), pp. 267-317 : 283

009. COPESTYLUM BARBARA SP. NOV.

HANCOCK & MARCOS- GARCÍA

Diagnosis – male holotype: Face yellow with strong, black, medial vitta and gena from eye margin to mouth shiny black, mostly black haired ( Fig. 9 ); mesonotum black with yellow hairs anteriorly and black posteriorly; yellow lateral vittae present, but narrow and confined to extreme margin and not as broad as postalar callus; scutellum dark yellow and black haired; pleura lightly dusted, yellow in upper part, with black katepisternum, meron, anterior part of anepisternum and anepimeron; wing membrane hyaline with brown costal margin; cell R1 scarcely broadened apically, not petiolate; legs – black haired, coxae and trochanters fuscous; front and mid femorae black at base, hind femorae black almost to apex; front and mid tibiae yellow at base, black apically and hind tibiae black; tarsi fuscous; abdomen – tergite 1 white, tergite 2 with a white anterior band and narrow (third of the length of tergite) black band, tergites 3 and 4 black, each with a pair of yellow sidespots in basal half; tergites black haired except for hairs on white band of tergites 1 and 2; sternite 1 white with mostly white hairs; sternite 3 and 4 black with a narrow, white, apical band and black haired; genitalia – surstylus triangular-shaped; hypandrium with lateral projections; aedeagus without serrated apical margin ( Figs 41, 42, 43 ); female – similar to holotype male except scutellum brighter yellow, with band of yellow hairs at base; frons dark orange and shiny, lacking dust; width of vertex about 14.2% width of head. Length: body, 9.50–10.83 mm; wing, 9.16–10.00 mm (N = 3).

Diagnosis – larva and puparium: Suckers present on abdominal segments 1–6; marginal band complete, including both thorax and abdomen; first abdominal segment with three pairs of lobes; anal segment with lappets 2 and 3 incorporated into the marginal band; ventral surface of lobes smooth and shining; anterior spiracles absent; vestiture of anal segment of papillae with a crenate rim; posterior breathing tube orange above transverse ridge, about as long as body width, punctures light and inconspicuous above transverse ridge; pupal spiracles orange.

Material examined – holotype: Male with puparium, Costa Rica, Cartago, Paraíso, Orosi , Estación Quebrada , 6 October 1999, ex water tank of bromeliad, M. Alfaro (INBIO 0003056052) ( INBio) .

Material examined – paratypes: Two males and one female with puparia, same data as the holotype (INBIO 0003056050, INBIO 0003056053) ( INBio) .

Material examined – additional material: One larva, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, San Geraldo , August 2000, ex water tank of bromeliad, EGH & GER ( INBio) .

Etymology: The name ‘ barbara’ is descriptive of the name of one of my daughters (EGH).

Taxonomic notes: The entirely black gena, mesonotum with narrow yellow vittae, triangular surstylus, and hypandrium with lateral projections distinguish C. barbara from Copestylum elizabethae , the only other species in this subgroup. The colour pattern of the abdominal tergites are also distinctive among tank group species, and are only shared with C. xalapensis , but this species lack a medial vitta on the face. Subgroup Elizabethae early stages are distinguished from other tank subgroups by the complete marginal band and lappets incorporated into it. The early stages of C. barbara are readily distinguished from C. elizabethae by the vestiture of the anal segment consisting of papillae with a crenate rim ( Fig. 88 ) and orange pupal spiracles.

Biology: Adults were reared from larvae in water tanks of bromeliads ( Bromeliaceae ), and are known only from Costa Rica.

Figures

Figures 7–10. Adult Copestylum, lateral view of the head; scale line = 3.5 mm. 7. Copestylum carlosii sp. nov., female holotype; 8. Copestylum volcanorum sp. nov., male holotype; 9. Copestylum barbara sp. nov., male holotype; 10. Copestylum elizabethae sp. nov., male holotype.

Figures 41–46. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; right- and left-hand figures scale line = 0.50 mm, for middle column figures, left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm. 41–43. Copestylum barbara sp. nov., male holotype: 41. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 42. hypandrium, ventral view; 43. surstylus, ventral view. 44–46. Copestylum elizabethae sp. nov., male holotype: 44. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 45. hypandrium, ventral view; 46. surstylus, ventral view.

Figures 86–92. Third stage larvae of Copestylum. 86. Copestylum lousiae, whole larva, head to the right, ventral view, length = 14 mm. 87. Copestylum tapia, whole larva, head to the right, dorsal view, length = 11 mm. 88. Copestylum barbara, crenate papillae from the dorsal surface of the anal segment. 89. Copestylum xalapensis, dentate spicules from the anterior fold of the prothorax. 90. Copestylum mamorum, vestiture of stout setae from the dorsal surface of the second abdominal segment. 91. Copestylum louisae, vestiture of long, fine setae from the dorsal surface of the second abdominal segment. 92. Copestylum puyarum, tapering spicules from the anterior fold of the prothorax.