Copestylum triunfense, Rotheray & Hancock & Marcos-García, 2007

Rotheray, G. E., Hancock, E. G. & Marcos-García, M. A., 2007, Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (2), pp. 267-317 : 296-298

015. COPESTYLUM TRIUNFENSE SP. NOV. HANCOCK

Diagnosis – male holotype: Face yellow with black hairs; clear and distinct, black, central vitta reaching from mouth to base of antennae; cheeks shiny with inconspicuous dust and pruinosity ( Fig. 13 ); frons yellow with black marked medially; genae with black vittae and upper half coated in pruinosity; eyes coated with black hairs; mesonotum and scutellum black without yellow vittae or marks; hairs of mixed length; yellow hairs anteriorly and black hairs posteriorly; six prescutellar bristles present; one black bristle on dark posterior anepisternum; pleurites dark; legs black with black hairs; abdomen black and black haired with hairs becoming gradually longer towards apex; genitalia – apical margin of superior lobes with blunttipped distal hook and one tooth; epandrium with one pair of windows ( Figs 50, 51, 52 ); female – unknown. Length: body, 10 mm; wing, 9 mm (N = 1).

Diagnosis – larva and puparium ( Fig. 84 ): anterior fold with a band of pale, brown-tipped spicules, spicules shortening posteriorly and reaching anterior sensilla 3 of prothorax ( Fig. 85 ); anterior spiracles as long as wide with either three or four apical openings; vestiture of stout, upright setae on dorsum and lateral margins of the body, setae forming microspicules on the ventral surface; larger spicules on the longitudinal folds of the prothorax; lateral margin of mesothorax with a pair of large, conspicuous brown hooks sharing the same sclerotized basal plate ( Fig. 85 ), margin of basal plate with tiny hooks; lateral margin of metathorax with one hook, as large as those on the mesothorax; antero-ventral margin of metathorax with two groups of up to four large spicules; segmental sensilla on short projections, about as long as vestiture, with beween one and five thick, pale coloured, apical setae; sensilla 5–8 of abdominal segments 5–7 on longer fleshy projections than these sensilla on segments 1– 4; projections tapering and coated in inconspicuous fine setae; abdominal segment 7 and anal segment tapering and extended to about 1.5 times as long as abdominal segment 6; posterior breathing tube smooth and shiny at the apex with, at most, only vague indications of punctures; posterior breathing tube widening towards base and wider than a pupal spiracle.

Material examined – holotype: Male with puparium, Mexico, Chiapas State, El Triunfo Biosfere Reserve , 30 July 2003, ex fallen decaying bromeliad ( Bromeliaceae ), EGH ( HM) .

Material examined – additional material: Three larvae, same data as holotype but collected by EGH 29 July 2003 ( NMS) .

Etymology: The name ‘ triunfense’ is descriptive of the type locality, El Triunfo Biosfere Reserve, in Chiapas State, Mexico.

Taxonomic notes: The completely black abdomen, mesonotum, and legs distinguish the adult of this species from other boqueronense group species. The male genitalia are also distinct, particularly in the one tooth on the apical margin of the hypandrium. Early stages are very similar to other boqueronense group species. The main difference is in the posterior breathing tube, which is smooth and shiny at the apex with, at most, only vague indications of punctures. Only Copestylum unamas has a similar shiny apex to the posterior breathing tube. C. triunfense differs from C. unamas in that the posterior breathing tube widens basally and is wider than the pupal spiracles. In unamas the posterior breathing tube is parallel sided and about as wide as the pupal spiracles.

Biology: Reared from a larva found in a fallen, decaying bromeliad ( Bromeliaceae ).

Figures

Figures 11–14. Adult Copestylum, lateral view of the head; scale line = 3.5 mm. 11. Copestylum boqueronense sp. nov., male holotype; 12. Copestylum mamorum sp. nov., female holotype; 13. Copestylum triunfense sp. nov., male holotype; 14. Copestylum unamas sp. nov., male holotype.

Figures 47–52. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; right- and left-hand figures scale line = 0. 50 mm, for middle column figures, left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm. 47–49. Copestylum boqueronense sp. nov., male holotype: 47. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 48. hypandrium, ventral view; 49. surstylus, ventral view. 50– 52. Copestylum triunfense sp. nov., male holotype; 50. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 51. hypandrium, ventral view; 52. surstylus, ventral view.

Figures 82–85. Third stage larvae of Copestylum. 82–83. Copestylum otongaensis: 82. whole larva, head to the right, ventral view, length = 13 mm; 83. thorax, dorsal view, width = 3.7 mm. 84–85. Copestylum triunfense: 84. whole larva, head to the right, dorsal view, length = 21 mm; 85. thorax, dorsal view width = 5 mm.