Enicospilus, Stephens

FERNÁNDEZ-TRIANA, JOSÉ L., 2005, The taxonomy and biogeography of Cuban Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Zootaxa 1007 (1), pp. 1-60 : 26-28

ENICOSPILUS Stephens

Enicospilus Stephens, 1835: 126 . Type­species: Ophion merdarius Graveenhorst sensu Stephen (= Ichneumon ramidulus L.), by subsequent monotypy, Stephens, 1845.

Henicospilus Agassiz, 1846: 138 [Unjustified emendation]

Allocamptus Foerster, 1869: 150 . Type­species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst by subsequent designation, Thomson, 1888: 1189.

Dispilus Kriechbaumer, 1894: 309. Type­species: Ophion (Dispilus) natalensis Kriechbaumer , by monotypy.

Pleuroneurophion Ashmead, 1900a: 86 . Type­species: Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis Ashmead , by original designation.

Cymatoneura Kriechbaumer, 1901a: 22 . Type­species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst by subsequent designation, Viereck, 1914: 8.

Pterospilus Kriechbaumer, 1901b: 156 . Type­species: Ophion (Enicospilus) dubius Tosquinet , by subsequent designation, Viereck, 1914: 126. [Junior homonym of Pterospilus Rondani, 1856 .]

Trispilus Kriechbaumer, 1901b: 156. Type­species: Ophion (Enicospilus) trimaculatus Tosquinet (= Henicospilus seminiger Szépligeti ), by monotypy.

Metophion Szépligeti, 1905: 28 . Type­species: Metophion bicolor Szépligeti , by subsequent designation, Viereck, 1914: 94.

Ceratospilus Szépligeti, 1905: 28 . Type­species: Ceratospilus biroi Szépligeti , by monotypy.

Atoponeura Szépligeti, 1905: 34 . Type­species: Atoponeura concolor Szépligeti (= Enicospilus atoponeurus Cushman ), by monotypy.

Ophiomorpha Szépligeti, 1905: 34 . Type­species: Ophion curvinervis Cameron (= Enicospilus cameroni Dalla Torre ), by subsequent designation, Hooker, 1912: 134. [Junior homonym of Ophiomorpha Nilsson, 1836 .]

Cryptocamptus Brèthes, 1909: 230 . [Unnecessary replacement name for Allocamptus Foerster. ]

Eremotyloides Perkins, 1915: 530 . Type­species: Eremotyloides orbitalis Ashmead , by monotypy.

Amesospilus Enderlein, 1918: 222 . Type­species: Ophion unicallosus Snellen , by original designation.

Schizopilus Seyrig, 1935: 79. Type­species: Schizopilus divisus Seyrig , by original designation.

This is the largest genus in the subfamily, not only in Cuba but also in all regions except the Holoartic realm ( Gauld, 1985 & 1988). Alayo (1973) and Gauld (1988) references combined accounted 12 species to the country. Present study has found five new records and six new species, almost duplicating previous data.

Gauld (1988) assigned the Mesoamerican species to five species­groups, which he considered to be rather ill­defined. Four of these five groups are represented in Cuba ( Table 1), and are detailed below.

­ The cosmopolitan Enicospilus undulatus species­group, which is characterized by the complete lack of a pigmented proximal sclerite and a hook­like process on the gonolacinia. The New World subgroup is the americanus species­complex, with about 40 species (27 in Mesoamerica) but only one in the Caribbean: E. glabratus an extremely widespread and rather aberrant species ( Gauld, 1988).

­ The cosmopolitan Enicospilus ramidulus species­group, which is characterized by possessing long slender mandibles with a deep diagonal groove extending from the upper corner to the base of the teeth. It includes only three species in Mesoamerica: E. purgatus and its relatives ( Gauld, 1988). I have found a new species belonging to this complex: E. cheoi sp. nov.

­ The New World Enicospilus ramidulus species­group, which is characterized by having a more or less pendant laterotergite, a long labrum and stout mandibles. It includes seven species in Mesoamerica ( Gauld, 1988), and three of them are found in Cuba.

­ The New World Enicospilus dispilus species­group is really an artifact, including all taxa that cannot be assigned to other groups. It comprises 76 species in Mesoamerica, and I have found five new species belonging to this complex ( Table 1). Gauld (1988) considered that most of its species are actually closely related to each other, but some may represent separate evolutionary lineages. Lacking a complete analysis at the New World level, I am only following previous work and putting the rest of the Cuban species (16) on this group.

In Cuba all species except E. glabratus can be easily assigned to genus level because of the presence of pigmented sclerites in the fore wing. E. glabratus differs from Ophion spp. by its sinuous and thickened Rs+2r, long fenestra and a clump of closed­packed hairs in the anterior corner of the discosubmarginall cell ( Fig. 10a ).

Figures

FIGURE 10: Fore wings of Cuban Enicospilus. a: glabratus (Say), b: carlota Gauld, c: trilineatus (Brullé), d: teremari sp. nov. e: cressoni Hooker, f: neotropicus Hooker, g: guatemalensis (Cameron), h: cubensis (Norton), i: iangauldi sp. nov., j: gallegosi Gauld, k: fernaldi Hooker, l: flavus (Fabricius), m: woldai Gauld, n: sondrae Gauld, o: liesneri Gauld. p: grilloi sp. nov., q: wahli sp. nov., r: cheosi sp. nov., s: purgatus (Say), t: flavoscutellatus (Brullé), u: howdenorum Gauld, v: hansonorum sp. nov.