Loxocephala Schaum

Wang, Menglin & Wang, Yinglun, 2013, Review of the genus Loxocephala Schaum, 1850 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Eurybrachidae) with description of three new species from China, Zootaxa 3664 (2), pp. 176-198 : 178

Key to the species of Loxocephala Schaum

1. Tegmina with irregular transverse black network of stripes in basal half........................................... 2

- Tegmina without such network of stripes in basal half......................................................... 3

2. The network of stripes on tegmina robust, apical half without white patches; wings with a round spot near apex of costal mar- gin ( Fig. 47 ); China (Xizang)........................................................... L. retinata Chou & Lu

- The network of stripes on tegmina delicate, apical half with three obvious white patches; wings without any spot near apex of costal margin ( Fig. 49 ); China (Xizang)............................................. L. neoretinata Chou & Huang

3. Tegmina ornamented with one central transverse black fascia in apical part........................................ 4

- Tegmina without any central transverse black fascia in apical part............................................... 6

4. Wings without any markings before black apical margin ( Fig. 39 ); India........................... L. castanea Distant

- Wings with one subround spot or transverse fascia before black apical margin...................................... 5

5. Wings with one subround black spot before apical margin ( Fig. 40 ); India, Bengal..................... L. decora Walker

- Wings with one transverse black fascia before apical margin ( Fig. 45 ); China (Xizang)........... L. lisiera Huang & Wang

6. Tegmina with veins distinctly elevated and obviously reticulate, apical part suffused with fusco-piceous between areolate cells and veins yellow ( Figs 78, 81 ); China (Xizang)......................................... L. mangkangensis sp. nov.

- Tegmina with veins flattened, apical part with one or more black spots........................................... 7

7. Tegmina with one round black spot in apical part............................................................. 8

- Tegmina with many round black spots in apical part.......................................................... 9

8. Tegmina with virescent spots in basal part intensively dense and concatenated into transverse fascia ( Fig. 38 ); India............................................................................................. L. aeruginosa Hope

- Tegmina with greyish spots in basal part relatively sparse and separated ( Fig. 43 ); China (Yunnan).................................................................................................. L. unipunctata Chou & Huang

9. Costal margin of tegmen with one large nebulose white marking at middle, extending down to the center ( Figs 55, 57 ); China (Gansu)........................................................................ L. nebulata Chou & Huang

- Costal margin of tegmen without such nebulose white marking at middle........................................ 10

10. Tegmina with apical margin black, black spots in apical half extremely large, forming two transverse bands ( Fig. 15 ); Tonkin................................................................................... L. maculata Lallemand

- Tegmina without apical margin black, black spots in apical half of tegmina relatively small, not forming two transverse bands................................................................................................... 11

11. The size and distribution of black spots on tegmina extremely irregular.......................................... 12

- The size and distribution of black spots on tegmina mainly uniform............................................. 13

12. Tegmina pale greenish brown in basal half with inconspicuous white spots, apical half tawny with three obliquely transverse macular fascia ( Fig. 51 ); China (Yunnan)............................................ L. seropuntata Chou & Huang

- Tegmina wholly tawny, basal half with inconspicuous white spots, apical half with black spots not forming transverse fascia ( Fig. 53 ); China (Yunnan)...................................................... L. semimaculata Chou & Huang

13. Tegmina with white spots restricted from basal 1/3 of costal margin to tip of clavus................................ 14

- Tegmina with an atrovirens or black subtriangular area restricted from basal 1/4–1/5 of costal margin to tip of clavus..... 16

14. Aedeagus with about seven transverse sclerotized wrinkles at basal part on each side in ventral view ( Fig. 72 ); China (Shaanxi)...................................................................................... L. rugosa sp. nov.

- Aedeagus without any wrinkles at basal half in ventral view................................................... 15

15. Dorsal margin of eminence at base of aedeagus deeply excavate at basal third ( Fig. 19 ); apical processes of aedeagus directed obviously outward in ventral view ( Fig. 20 ); China (Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu)................... L. sinica Chou & Huang

- Dorsal margin of eminence at base of aedeagus slightly sinuate, with two very shallow incisions near base and apex ( Fig. 31 ); apical processes of aedeagus directed inward in ventral view ( Fig. 32 ); China (Sichuan)................................................................................................... L. sichuanensis Chou & Huang stat. nov.

16. Aedeagus with dorsal processes inserted between apical processes and shaft in apical part ( Fig. 36 ); China (Yunnan)........................................................................................... L. perpunctata Jacobi

- Aedeagus with dorsal processes directed vertically upward in apical part in side view ( Fig. 76 ); China (Yunnan)............................................................................................... L. verticalis sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 47 – 58. Loxocephala retinata 47. Ƥ, dorsal view; 48. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala neoretinata 49. Ƥ, dorsal view; 50. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala seropuntata 51. Ƥ, dorsal view; 52. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala semimaculata 53. Ƥ, dorsal view; 54. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala nebulata 55, 57. Ƥ, dorsal view; 56, 58. frons (Ƥ), ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 38 – 46. Loxocephala aeruginosa 38. Ƥ, dorsal view; 41. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala castanea 39. Ƥ, dorsal view; Loxocephala decora 40. Ƥ, dorsal view; 42. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala unipunctata 43. Ƥ, dorsal view; 44. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala lisiera 45. Ƥ, dorsal view; 46. frons (Ƥ), ventral view.

FIGURES 78 – 83. Loxocephala mangkangensis sp. nov. 78. 3, dorsal view; 79. 3, lateral view; 80. frons (3), ventral view; 81. Ƥ, dorsal view; 82. Ƥ, lateral view; 83. frons (Ƥ), ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 1 – 15. Loxocephala sinica 1, 5, 7. 3, dorsal view; 2, 6, 8. frons (3), ventral view; 3. Ƥ, dorsal view; 4. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala perpunctata 9. 3, dorsal view; 10. frons (3), ventral view; 11. Ƥ, dorsal view; 12. frons (Ƥ), ventral view; Loxocephala sichuanensis 13. Ƥ, dorsal view; 14. frons (3), ventral view; Loxocephala maculata 15. Ƥ, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 68 – 72. Loxocephala rugosa sp. nov. 68. male genitalia, lateral view; 69. pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; 70. anal tube, dorsal view; 71 aedeagus, lateral view; 72. aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 16 – 20. Loxocephala sinica 16. male genitalia, lateral view; 17. pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; 18. anal tube, dorsal view; 19. aedeagus, lateral view; 20. aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm. ap: apical process; hp: hamule process; eb: eminence at base; dp: dorsal process; ulp: upper lateral process; llp: lower lateral process; vp: ventral process.

FIGURES 28 – 32. Loxocephala sichuanensis 28. male genitalia, lateral view; 29. pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; 30. anal tube, dorsal view; 31. aedeagus, lateral view; 32. aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 33 – 37. Loxocephala perpunctata 33. male genitalia, lateral view; 34. pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; 35. anal tube, dorsal view; 36. aedeagus, lateral view; 37. aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 73 – 77. Loxocephala verticalis sp. nov. 73. male genitalia, lateral view; 74. pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; 75. anal tube, dorsal view; 76. aedeagus, lateral view; 77. aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.