Sparganothoides ocrisana Kruse and Powell, 2009

Kruse, James J. & Powell, Jerry A., 2009, Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini), Zootaxa 2150 (1), pp. 1-78 : 36-37

15. Sparganothoides ocrisana Kruse and Powell , new species

Figs. 1 , 21 , 47 , 75, 76 , 103, 107

Diagnosis. Sparganothoides ocrisana is similar to S. capitiornata and S. canorisana , but the male genitalia are distinct, in particular the shapes of the valvae. Sparganothoides ocrisana exhibits the greatest sexual dimorphism of any species in the genus, with males considerably more strongly patterned than females.

Description. Male. Head: Frons yellowish brown, smooth scaled; vertex roughened laterally, yellowish brown to brown, with a pair of exoskeletal protuberances between mesal-posterior margins of eyes, angled toward middle; one small elongate protuberance between antennae; broad area of densely packed, short, yellowish brown scales between front and rear protuberances; short, erect, yellowish white scales between posterior two protuberances. Labial palpus brownish yellow mesally, yellowish brown to brown laterally. Antennal scaling yellowish brown to brown. Thorax: Smooth scaled laterally, yellowish brown or brown with scattered dark brown scales, dense column of short yellowish white to brown scales mesally; tegula with clump of small orange or brown pointed scales at apex so that tegula appears truncated. Forewing length 7.8–9.1 mm (= 8.1; n = 10). Forewing costal fold shorter than 0.5 wing length, with costa often curled beyond middle; forewing ground color brownish yellow, with dense scattering of brown to grayish brown scales and spots; subbasal, median, and subterminal fascia brown with orange and dark brown scales extending from costa to dorsal margin either distinct and dark, thin and light brown, or absent; brown tornal mark part of median fascia when present; indistinct brown and orange transverse strigulae throughout subterminal and terminal areas; often with brown spot at apex of discal cell. Fringe brownish yellow. Hindwing yellowish white at base, gray at midwing, often with obscure dense gray transverse striae throughout. Abdomen: Genitalia ( Fig. 21 ; slide #JAP6568; EME; Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Monteverde; n = 17) with uncus long, slender, curved, widened apically, with long setae dorsally and patch of small setae ventrally; tegumen slightly raised and subtriangular at base of uncus; socius subtriangular posteriorly, secondary arms long, slender, abruptly angled near middle, enlarged apices strongly asymmetrically bilobed, boot-shaped; transtilla well sclerotized, bilobed, spines small, numerous over posterior margin, anterior process reinforced with invagination at middle; valva subrectangular with sclerotized curved crease connecting to near base of sacculus and extending over two-thirds of valva; costa weakly concave; sacculus convex; pulvinus present; phallus pistol-shaped, aedeagus more strongly curved ventrally than dorsally, shorter than phallobase, with ventral lip apically, attached to juxta by a thin process; phallobase long, with a short bulb; cornuti with minute spine near base.

Female. Head: Frons yellowish brown, smooth scaled; vertex roughened laterally, yellowish brown to brown. Labial palpus brownish yellow mesally, yellowish brown to brown laterally. Antennal scaling yellowish brown to brown. Thorax: Dorsum smooth scaled, yellowish brown or brown with scattered dark brown scales. Forewing length 8.7–10.4 mm (= 9.1; n = 10). Forewing ground color brownish yellow, heavily suffused with grayish brown; subbasal, median, and subterminal fascia suffused, grayish brown with orange and dark brown scales extending from costa to dorsal margin either distinct and dark or narrow and light grayish brown; grayish brown tornal mark part of median fascia; indistinct grayish brown or dark brown and orange transverse strigulae throughout subterminal and terminal areas; occasionally with brown spot at apex of discal cell. Fringe brownish yellow. Hindwing gray with obscure dense gray transverse striae throughout. Abdomen: Genitalia ( Fig. 47 ; slide #5601; EME; Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Monteverde; n = 9) with papillae anales parallel-sided, subtriangular posteriorly; sterigma strongly sclerotized ventrally, concave anteriorly; ductus bursae short, widened anteriorly; corpus bursae large, irregularly rounded; signum more than three times longer than wide, bilobed, curved, attenuate at apices.

Type material. Holotype: Male: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Monteverde , 1350–1400 m, 22–24.vii.1990, at lights, S. Meredith & J. Powell ( EME).

Paratypes (38♂, 47♀). COSTA RICA: GUANACASTE: Estación Cacao, 1100 m, 8–18.ii.1995 (1♂), M. Moraga ( INBio) . SW side Volcan Cacao , 1000–1400 m, v.1988 (1♂), C. Chaves ( INBio) . Lado suroeste del Volcan Cacao , 23.x–9.xi.1990 (1♀), C. Chaves ( INBio) . Estación Las Pailas, P. N. Rincon de la Vieja , 800 m, 22.vii.1992 (1$M), D. Garcia ( INBio) . Estación Maritza, Lado oeste del Volcán Orosi , 600 m, viii.1990 (1♂), C. Chaves ( INBio) . HEREDIA: Santa Domingo , 21–25.v.1996 (1♂), J. Powell ( EME) . PUNTARENAS: Estación Biol. Las Alturas , 12 km NE San Vito, 1550 m, 22–24.i.1993 (2♂), J. Powell ( EME) . Monteverde , 1400 m, 25–26.vi.1979 (2♂, 1♀), D. Janzen ( INBio) , 10–11.xii.1979 (1♀), D. Janzen ( INBio) , 1300 m, 17–20.v.1985 (1♂), P. Opler & J. Powell ( EME) , 8–10.vi.1986 (2♂, 1♀), J. Chemsak & H. Katsura ( EME) , 11.vi.1988 (2♂, 4♀), 12.vi.1988 (2♂, 12♀), 13.vi.1988 (1♂, 3♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) , 1350–1400 m, 22–24.vii.1990 (2♀), J. Powell ( EME) , reared from eggs on synthetic diet, emgd. 11.x–21.xi.1990 (6 M, 7 F), JAP 90G14, 22–24.vii.1990 (6♂, 9♀), S. Meredith & J. Powell ( EME, NMNH) , 29–31.iii.1992 (2♂, 1♀), J. McCarty & J. Powell ( EME) , reared from eggs on synthetic diet, emgd. 22.vi, vii.1992 (2♂, 1♀), JAP 92C64 ( EME) . Monteverde, Cloud Forest Reserve HQ, 1450 m, 18.v.1985 (1♂, 1♀), J. Chemsak, P. Opler & J. Powell ( EME) . Monteverde Lodge , 28.v.1994 (1♀), J. Brown ( EME) . GUATEMALA: Baleu, Mpio. San Cristóbal, Verapaz , Alta Verapaz, 1350 m, 8–15.viii.1985 (3♂, 2♀), E. Welling ( EME) . MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Río Metlec Canyon, NW Fortín de las Flores , 6.vii.1974 (1♂), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) .

Immature stages. Eggs are orange to deep ochreous orange and laid in small, regularly overlapping patches of 7– 28 eggs per patch (= 18.2, n = 5). Embryos become translucent during development, hatching in 10–14 days. Early instars profusely webbed the edges of synthetic diet. Larvae were reared on synthetic diet, but some were able to feed on Prunus . The anal comb has eight tines. Development time ranged from six to nine weeks. Adults emerged within two weeks following pupation.

Biology. Adults have been captured during every month of the year except April and September; the species is probably multivoltine in Costa Rica and perhaps bivoltine farther north.

Distribution. Sparganothoides ocrisana has been recorded from Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Veracruz, Mexico, in disturbed or remnant rainforest habitat.

Remarks. This species is variable and sexually dimorphic.The single specimen from Mexico is smaller than its conspecifics (forewing length = 7.8 mm).

Etymology. The name is derived from the Greek “okris” (= projecting) and refers to the protuberances of the head.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorso-anteriad view of the scaling and protuberances on the head of S. ocrisana. A. Photograph. B. Schematic drawing: 1. Anterior protuberance; 2. Posterior protuberance denuded of scaling; 3. Posterior protuberance with scaling intact. Compound eyes (4) and the pedicels of the antennae (5) for orientation.

FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 19. S. castanea. 20. S. vinolenta. 21. S. ocrisana. 22. S. xenopsana. 23. S. umbosana. 24. S. probolosana.

FIGURES 39–47. Female genitalia of Sparganothoides. 39. S. hydeana; 40. S. machimiana. 41. S. amitana. 42. S. calthograptana. 43. S. coloratana. 44. S. canities. 45. S. lugens. 46. S. vinolenta. 47. S. ocrisana.

FIGURES 61–78. Adults of Sparganothoides. 61. S. hydeana (paratype: USA: NM: Santa Fe County, Little Tesuque Canon, 9200', 27.vii – 10.viii.1932, A. Klots). 62. S. machimiana (USA: AZ: Santa Cruz County, 7 mi. SE Nogales, 1.viii.1991, P. Opler, Y. Hsu and D. Rubinoff). 63 S. laderana (holotype). 64. S. amitana (paratype). 65. S. calthograptana (holotype). 66. S. coloratana (holotype). 67. S. audentiana (holotype). 68. S. canities (paratype). 69. S. teratana (Panama: Cerro Campana, 11–14.vii.1967, O. Flint, Jr.). 70. S. carycrosana (holotype). 71. S. plemmelana (holotype). 72. S. lugens (Mexico: Veracruz: 1 mi. W Fortin, 25.xii.1963 as larva on miscellaneous leaves, emerged 20.ii.1964, C. O'Brien). 73. S. castanea (holotype). 74. S. vinolenta (Mexico: Distrito Federal: La Venta, 22.v.1938, T. Escalante). 75. S. ocrisana (paratype, male: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350–1400m, 22–24.vii.1990, J. Powell, JAP lot 90G14, emerged 6.xi.1990). 76. S. ocrisana (paratype, female: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350–1400m, 22–24.vii.1990, J. Powell). 77. S. xenopsana (holotype). 78. S. umbosana (holotype).

FIGURES 99–108. Features of Sprganothoides immature stages. 99. Anal shield of larval S. hydeana. 100. Anal shield of larval S. machimiana. 101. Anal shield of larval S. canities. 102. Anal comb of larval S. canities. 103. Anal shield of larval S. ocrisana. 104. Anal shield of larval S. arcuatana. 105. Anal comb of larval S. arcuatana. 106. Anal shield of larval S. lentiginosana. 107. Anal shield of larval S. cornutana. 108. Pupa of S. canities, lot JAP 86H27, ventral view.