Glyptapanteles edwinnarvaezi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles edwinnarvaezi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 76 , 77

Female.

Body length 2.73 mm, antenna length 3.78 mm, fore wing length 3.33 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: ECUADOR • 1♀; EC-42168A, YY-A005; Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Sendero Macuculoma, Plot 443; cloud forest; 2,014 m; - 0.6, -77.883333; 11.ix.2009; Luis Salagaje leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 08.x.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.x.2009; ( PUCE) . Paratypes. • 28 (5♀, 6♂) (17♀, 0 ♂); EC-42168A, YY-A005; same data as for holotype; ( PUCE) .

Other material.

Reared material. ECUADOR: Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Miraflores-Cosanga Forest, Plot 185: • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); EC-12570, YY-A045; cloud forest; 1,973 m; - 0.583333, -77.866667; 21.ii.2006; Rafael Granizo leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons on larval cuticle and formed on 21.iii.2006; adult parasitoids emerged on 30.iii.2006.

Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Sendero Macuculoma, Plot 417: • 5 (3♀, 1♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); EC-36601, YY-A067; cloud forest; 2,120 m; - 0.596944, -77.869722; 10.i.2009 ; Earthwatch volunteers leg.; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons formed on 09.ii.2009 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 18.ii.2009.

Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Yanayacu Forest , Plot 428: • 48 (7♀, 2♂) (39♀, 0 ♂); EC-38137, YY-A069; cloud forest; 2,144 m; - 0.596944, -77.869722; 09.iv.2009; Wilmer Simbaña leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 01.vi.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.vi.2009.

Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Isla de Palmas, Plot 434: • 38 (5♀, 3♂) (30♀, 0 ♂); EC-38988, YY-A009; cloud forest; 1,863 m, - 0.541111, -77.874722; 29.v.2009; Wilmer Simbaña leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons formed on 29.vii.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.viii.2009.

Diagnosis.

Surface of metasternum flat or nearly so, nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae ( Figs 76F , 77C ), median area on T2 broader than long, edges of median area on T2 obscured by weak longitudinal stripes ( Figs 76G , 77D ), propodeal spiracle distally framed by faintly concave/wavy carina. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets ( Fig. 76B ), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, median area between lateral ocelli without depression ( Fig. 76D ), in dorsal view, proximal half of propodeum more strongly curved ( Figs 76F , 77C ), petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally ( Figs 76G , 77D ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present ( Figs 76A, J , 77A ), and fore wing with r vein slightly curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a distinct stub ( Fig. 76K ).

Coloration

( Fig. 76 A–K ). General body coloration polished black except labrum and mandibles with yellow-brown tints; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow; all antennal flagellomeres brown on both sides. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except brown claws; hind legs yellow except black-brown coxae with apex yellow, femora with small brown spot at the apex, tibiae with both ends brown, and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 dark brown and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas dark brown, and lateral ends yellow-brown; T3 mostly brown, but proximal corners yellow; T4 and beyond complete dark brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 completely yellow; T4 and beyond yellow, but dorsally brown, extent of brown area increasing from proximal to distal. S1-4 completely yellow; penultimate sternum and hypopygium dark brown with some spots yellow-brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 76 A–D ). Head triangular with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.28:0.09, 0.28:0.09, 0.28:0.09), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.15:0.06, 0.13:0.06), antenna longer than body (3.78, 2.73); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with dense fine punctations, interspaces smooth and longitudinal median carina present. Frons punctate. Temple wide with punctate sculpture and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.10, 0.12). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 76A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout and interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with a little and complete parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat) and with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum with medium-sized sculpture without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved and distal half with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by faintly concave/wavy carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine rugae and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire, but with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus proximally narrow and distally wide, and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.09). Hind coxa finely punctate throughout, and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.25, 0.17), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.17, 0.17).

Wings ( Fig. 76K ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.

Metasoma ( Fig. 76A, G, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured throughout, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.40, maximum width 0.22, minimum width 0.10), and with scattered pubescence on distal half. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.20, length T2 0.20), edges of median area obscured by weak longitudinal stripes, median area broader than long (length 0.20, maximum width 0.25, minimum width 0.10); T2 with scarce pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.25, 0.20) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. Stack on larval cuticle.

Male

( Fig. 77 A–G ). Similar in coloration to female, but slimmer than female.

Etymology.

Edwin Narvaez is a botanist who has helped in the identification of food plants at Yanayacu Biological Station. He works at Herbario Nacional del Ecuador ( QCNE), Quito, Ecuador.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station ( Isla de Palmas, Sendero Macuculoma, Miraflores-Cosanga Forest, and Yanayacu Forest ), during February 2006; and January, April, May, and September 2009 at 1,863 m, 1,973 m, 2,014 m, 2,144 m, and 2,120 m in cloud forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Undetermined species of Nymphalidae : Ithomiinae feeding on Cestrum megalophyllum ( Solanaceae ). Undetermined species of Apatelodidae feeding on Columnea sp., C. ericae and Alloplectus tetragonoides ( Gesneriaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second and third instar.

Figures

Figure 76. Glyptapanteles edwinnarvaezi sp. nov. female EC- 42168 A YY-A 005 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K Fore and hind wings.

Figure 77. Glyptapanteles edwinnarvaezi sp. nov. male EC- 42168 A YY-A 005 A Habitus B Mesonotum, dorsal view C Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T 1 - 3, dorsal view E Mesosoma, lateral view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view.