Ouleus Lindsey, 1925

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Genomics-based taxonomic rearrangement of Achlyodini and Carcharodini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae), Insecta Mundi 2023 (16), pp. 1-33 : 5

Ouleus Lindsey, 1925 and Zera Evans, 1953 are subgenera of Quadrus Lindsey, 1925

The genome-based phylogeny reveals that Ouleus Lindsey, 1925 (type species Achlyodes fridericus Geyer, 1832 ) and Zera Evans, 1953 (type species Achlyodes zera Butler, 1870 ) currently treated as genera, in addition to being polyphyletic are at a subgenus level (second from the root major level) ( Fig. 1 ). Therefore, we propose that Ouleus Lindsey, 1925 , new status, and Zera Evans, 1953 , new status, are subgenera of Quadrus Lindsey, 1925 (type species Papilio cerialis Stoll, 1782 ) and restore their monophyly as detailed below. We note that Ouleus and Quadrus were proposed in the same work issued on the same date, and we give precedence to the name Quadrus acting as First Revisers (ICZN Code Art. 24.2.2.) ( ICZN 1999).

Figures

Figure 1. The nuclear genome-based phylogeny of Achlyodini (continued in Fig. 3). Only the segment of the tree corresponding to the subtribe Pythonidina is shown. The bottom segment of the tree (subtribe Achlyodinia) is replaced with four dots and is shown in Fig. 3. The tree is constructed from protein-coding regions in autosomes. The tree is rooted with Carcharodus alceae (NVG-18087F02, GenBank barcode OR665734), not displayed. Statistical support values are shown by nodes. For each specimen, its name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status (HT holotype, LT lectotype, ST syntype, T type, PT paratype, and PLT paralectotype), general locality and collection year (“old” means collection year known, but likely before 1950, mostly around the turn of 20th century). See Table S1 in the Supplemental file (Zhang et al. 2023d) for additional data about these specimens. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”. The type status refers to this synonym if the synonym name is provided. Names of genera (larger font, more prominent tree branches, on the left) and subgenera (smaller font, less prominent tree branches, on the right) are shown by the clades corresponding to these taxa. New genus-group names are highlighted in yellow. Branches leading to the type species (or their closest sequenced relatives) of valid genus-group names are marked with large black dots and refer to the subgenus (in parenthesis) given in the corresponding name, or the genus if the subgenus is not specified. The same notations are used in Fig. 3–6. Names of taxa that before this work were placed in genera Pythonides (red), Gindanes (cyan), Quadrus (green), Ouleus (blue), and Zera (purple) are shown in color to illustrate rampant violations of monophyly in these taxa, corrected here.