Tonnoira Enderlein, 1937

Santos, Claudiney Biral Dos & Curler, Gregory R., 2014, Four new species of Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest, Zootaxa 3760 (3), pp. 463-470 : 464

Tonnoira Enderlein, 1937

Tonnoira Enderlein, 1937: 106 (original description) type species: Tonnoira pelliticornis Enderlein (original designation). Tonnoira Enderlein, Quate 1963: 189 (diagnosis).

Tonnoira Enderlein, Quate 1996: 33 (revised description).

Tonnoira Enderlein, Quate & Brown 2004: 25 (revised description).

Diagnosis. Eye bridge with 4 (rarely 5) facet rows, nearly contiguous or narrowly divided at median by less than one facet diameter, connected by inverted Y-shaped interocular suture; froms with patch of setae alveoli quadrate, narrowly divided at median in some species; antenna as long as, or longer than wing; flagellomeres usually elongate, cylindrical or fusiform, weakly nodiform in some species; apical flagellomere with elongate, slender apiculus; ascoids paired, simple, inconspicuous or possibly absent in some species; palpus extending to flagellomere 4; apical palp segment striated in some species, not striated in others. Wing with radial and medial forks in basal half of wing, radial fork basad of medial fork; R5 ending in wing Apex; wing Apex pointed; midcoxa with patch of setae on anterior margin. Terminalia with hypandrium present; gonostyli simple or bifurcate; aedeagus and parameres usually asymmetrical, symmetrical in few species; epandrial clasping lobes with 1–3 tenacula; subepandrial sclerite V-shaped; hypoproct conspicuous, usually triangular.

Comments. Species of Tonnoira are usually larger in size and with significantly longer antennae than most other genera of Neotropical Psychodinae . This is particularly obvious when sorting them from other taxa collected in Malaise or light trap samples. Quate & Brown’s (2004) brief description of Tonnoira incorporates previously undescribed variation of the head and male genitalia; however, some character states (e.g. shape of flagellomeres; number of facet rows in eye bridge) are contradictory to those given in previous descriptions (Quate 1963, 1996). The diagnosis given above is intended to reconcile and clarify earlier descriptions.