Acyphoderes Audinet-Serville, 1833

Clarke, Robin O. S., 2015, Revision of the genus Acyphoderes Audinet-Serville, 1833, with a brief synopsis of the genus Bromiades Thomson, 1864 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), Insecta Mundi 2015 (401), pp. 1-92 : 9-10

Key to Acyphoderes Audinet-Serville, 1833 and related genera.

Note. The following males have not been seen, Acyphoderes auricapilla , A. rubrohirsutotibialis and Odontogracilis violaceus . The following females have not been seen, Acyphoderes amboroensis , Amerispheca delicata, Anomaloderes itaiuba, Brachyphoderes longicollis and Odontogracilis cracentis .

1. Elytra Type 1-2 ( Fig. 1, 2, 4, 6 , 11, 12 , 28-30 ), cuneate, or subulate and fissate; short, in both sexes length/width humeri 1.3-2.1 (but see species of Acyphoderes Group 1 for overlap). Mexico- Panama, Cuba, Colombia........................................................................................................... 2

— Elytra Type 3-6 ( Fig. 7-10 , 13-26 , 31-53 , 55, 57-59 ) subulate, or subcuneate; in male length/width humeri 2.0-4.1; in female 1.7-4.1. Mexico-Argentina ................................................................ 4

2(1). Elytra Type 1 ( Fig. 11 , 28, 29 ) cuneate; male abdomen Type 2 (Fig. 85, 86, 99, 100) sessile, cylindrical to weakly fusiform; in both sexes abdominal process flat to weakly inclined (30°); hind leg Type 1A or 2B (Fig. 101,104) ....................................................................................... 3

— Elytra Type 2, subulate and strongly fissate; male abdomen Type 1A ( Fig. 3 , 61,62), petiolate; in both sexes abdominal process well inclined (60-70°); urosternite IV very wide, V as wide as III (and in female V explanate laterally); hind leg Type 3B (Fig. 106-108) not robust (with narrow peduncle and abrupt clave); in both sexes lengths hind leg/front leg 2.0-2.1; metatibia with long-haired brush on apical half. Mexico-Panama, Colombia. ( Fig. 1-6 ) .................................... ........................................................................................................ Forficuladeres new genus

3(2). Robust species; prothorax Type 1A; apex of elytra reach middle of urosternite I; in both sexes base of mesosternal process almost as broad as coxal cavity (widths coxal cavity/base of process 1.2); in female Abdomen Type 2A (Fig. 86); hind leg Type 1A (Fig. 101) robust (and strongly pedunculate-clavate); in both sexes lengths hind leg/front leg 2.0; metatibia with short, longhaired brush at apex. Cuba, Mexico-Colombia. ( Fig. 11, 12 ) ... Bromiades Thomson, 1864

— Slender species; prothorax Type 1B; apex of elytra pass middle of urosternite I; base of mesosternal process much narrower than coxal cavity (male widths coxal cavity/base of process 2.8-3.0; in female 0.47); female Abdomen Type 2B (Fig. 100); hind leg Type 2B (Fig. 104) slender (and hardly pedunculate-clavate); male lengths hind leg/front leg 2.5-2.6, in female 2.7; metatibia with long, short-haired brush on apical half. Mexico, El Salvador. ( Fig. 28-30 ) ....................... .................................................................................................... Brachyphoderes new genus

4(1). Elytra Type 2 or 3 ( Fig. 7-10 , 13-26 , 53 ); prothorax Types 1-3 ( Fig. 25, 26 , 53 ); abdominal process usually flat, but may be moderately inclined, 0-30° (but see Acutiphoderes and Anomaloderes for notable exceptions) ............................................................................................................... 5

— Elytra Type 4, 5, or 6 ( Fig. 31-52 , 55, 57-59 ); prothorax Type 4 ( Fig. 31-52 , 55-59 ); abdominal process usually vertical or moderately strongly inclined, 45-90° (but see Ameriphoderes magna and A. cribricollis for notable exceptions). Primarily Mexico-Panama; South America 1 species ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

5(4). Elytral humeri hiding sides of mesepimera (when viewed from directly overhead); male lengths hind leg/front leg 2.1 or 2.6. Venezuela, Mexico....................................................................... 6

— Elytral humeri not hiding sides of mesepimera; male lengths hind leg/front leg 1.7-2.3. Primarily South American; Mexico-Costa Rica 1 species .......................................................................... 7

6(5). Prothorax Type 1B; length of forebody (f) slightly shorter than abdomen (a), f/a 0.9; elytra Type 3, elytral length/width humeri 2.7; abdominal process vertical; lengths hind leg/front leg 2.1; metatibia with dense long-haired brush. Venezuela. ( Fig. 25 ) .... Anomaloderes new genus

— Prothorax Type 3A ; length of forebody (f) distinctly shorter than abdomen (a), f/a 0.8; elytra Type 5, elytral length/width humeri 3.2; abdominal process weakly inclined (30°); lengths hind leg/front leg 2.6; metatibia with moderately dense short-haired brush. Mexico, Baja California. ( Fig. 53, 54 ) ..................................................................................... Amerispheca new genus

7(5). Elytra Type 3D ( Fig. 26 ), apex sharply acuminate and with spine ; male abdomen Type 1C, but urosternite II transverse and rectangular (Fig. 67); abdominal process vertical; lengths hind leg/front leg 1.8; metatibia with long sparse pubescence, but no brush. Northern South America , central Brazil. ( Fig. 26, 27 ) .......................................................... Acutiphoderes new genus

— Elytra Type 3A or 3C ( Fig. 7-10 , 13-24 ), apex not sharply acuminate, nor spined; male abdomen Type 1C, but urosternite II elongate and subconical, or Type 2A (Fig. 72, 74, 77, 79, 82, 85, 87, 89), petiolate or cylindrical; abdominal process weakly inclined; male lengths hind leg/front leg 1.7-2.3; metatibia with or without brush .................................................................................. 8

8(7). Prothorax Type 1, sides strongly rounded, depressed on disc (the single depression delimited by narrow arced calli); mesosternal process broader, in male widths of coxal cavity/base of process 1.4-2.2 (but see A. amboroensis ), in female 0.9-1.7; metatibia with or without dense brush. South America. ( Fig. 7-10 , 13-21 ) ............................. Acyphoderes Audinet-Serville, 1833

— Prothorax Type 2 ( Fig. 22-24 ), sides rounded (but not strongly); disc convex (with shallow, longitudinal depressions running between pronotal calli, these densely and minutely punctured); mesosternal process narrower, in male widths of coxal cavity/base of process 3.3, in female 2.3; metatibia with moderately dense brush. Mexico-Costa Rica. ( Fig. 22-24 ) .................................. ........................................................................................................... Acyderophes new genus

9(4). Larger, more robust species; prothorax Type 4A or 4B; male abdomen Type 1 or 2B (Fig. 63-66, 68, 87, 91, 93, 95, 97), not very long, nor very narrow; hind leg Type 1B, 3A or 3B (Fig. 102, 105-108), peduncle not exceptionally long (in male clave/peduncle 0.9-1.3, in female 0.7-1.5). USA-Panama. ( Fig. 31-52 ) ........................................................... Ameriphoderes new genus

— Smaller , very slender species ; prothorax Type 4C; male abdomen Type 2C ( Fig. 56, 60 ), cylindrical, very long and very narrow; hind leg Type 3C ( Fig. 109), peduncle exceptionally long (in male clave/peduncle 0.6-0.7; in female 0.6-0.8). Mexico-Panama, SE Brazil. ( Fig. 55-60 ) .................. ....................................................................................................... Odontogracilis new genus

Figures

Figures 1–6. Species habitus in the genus Forficuladeres gen. nov. Figures 1–3. Forficuladeres forficulifera (Gounelle, 1913). 1) male. 2) female, 3) female ventral aspect. Figures 4–6. Forficuladeres sexualis(Linsley, 1934). 4) male. 5) male ventral. 6) female.

Figures 7–12. Species habitus in the genera Acyphoderes and Bromiades. Figures 7–8. Acyphoderes aurulenta (Kirby, 1818). 7) male. 8) female. Figures 9–10. Acyphoderes abdominalis (Olivier, 1795). 9) male. 10) female. Figures 11–12. Bromiades brachyptera (Chevrolat in Guérin-Meneville, 1838). 11) male. 12) female.

Figure 25–30. Species habitus in the genera Anomaloderes. gen. nov., Acyphoderes. gen. nov. and Brachyphoderes. gen. nov. 25) Anomaloderes itaiuba (Martins and Galileo, 2004), male paratype. Figures 26–27. Acutiphoderes odyneroides (White, 1855). 26) male. 27) male ventral. 28) Brachyphoderes longicollis (Chemsak and Noguera, 1993). male paratype. Figures 29–30. Brachyphoderes dehiscens (Chemsak, 1997). 29) male paratype. 30) female paratype.

Figures 13–18. Species habitus in the genus Acyphoderes. Figures 13–15. Acyphoderes hirtipes (Klug, 1825). 13) male. 14) female and 15) female Acyphoderes rufofemorata Fisher, 1930 (junior synonym). 16) Acyphoderes crinita (Klug, 1825), female. 17) Acyphoderes rubrohirsutotibialis Tippmann, 1953, female. 18) Acyphoderes auricapilla Fisher, 1947, female paratype.

Figures 19–24. Species habitus in the genera Acyphoderes and Acyderophes. gen. nov. Figures 19–20. Acyphoderes carinicollis Bates, 1873. 19) male. 20) female. 21) Acyphoderes amboroensis, 2013, male holotype. Figures 22–24. Acyderophes fulgida (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979). 22) paratype. 23) female paratype, Costa Rica. 24) male Mexico (VC).

Figures 31–36. Species habitus in the genus Ameriphoderes. gen. nov. Figures 31–32. Ameriphoderes acutipennis (Thomson, 1860). 31) male. 32) female. Figures 33–34. Ameriphoderes ayalai (Chemsak and Linsley, 1988). 33) male. 34) female. Figures 35–36. Ameriphoderes parva (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979). 35) male. 36) female.

Figures 37–42. Species habitus in the genus Ameriphoderes. gen. nov. Figures 37–38. Ameriphoderes suavis (Bates, 1885). 37) male. 38) female. Figures 39–40. Ameriphoderes velutina (Bates, 1885). 39) male. 40) female. Figures 41–42. Ameriphoderes yucateca (Bates, 1892). 41) male. 42) female.

Figures 43–48. Species habitus in the genus Ameriphoderes. gen. nov. Figures 43–44. Ameriphoderes amoena (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979). 43) male. 44) female. Figures 45–46. Ameriphoderes bayanicus (Giesbert, 1991). 45) male. 46) female. Figures 47–48. Ameriphoderes cribricollis (Bates, 1892). 47) male. 48) female.

Figures 49–54. Species habitus in the genera Ameriphoderes. gen. nov. and Amerispheca. gen. nov. Figures 49–50. Ameriphoderes magna (Giesbert, 1991). 49) male paratype. 50) female paratype. Figures 51–52. Ameriphoderes prolixa (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979). 51) male paratype. 52) female paratype. Figures 53–54. Amerispheca delicata (Horn, 1894). 53) male. 54) male ventral.

Figures 55–60. Species habitus in the genus Odontogracilis.gen. nov. Figures 55–56. Odontogracilis cracentis(Chemsak and Noguera, 1997), 55) male paratype.56) male paratype ventral. Figures 57–58. Odontogracilis exilis (Fisher, 1947), 57) male. 58) female. Figures 59–60. Odontogracilis gracilis (Klug, 1825), 59) male. 60) male ventral.