Senecio pseudoorientalis Schischkin, 1961

Calvo, Joel, Álvarez, Inés & Aedo, Carlos, 2015, Systematics of Senecio section Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae), Phytotaxa 211 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

15. Senecio pseudoorientalis Schischkin in Schischkin & Bobrov (1961: 727), replacement name. Replaced name: Senecio orientalis Willdenow (1803: 2006) , nom. illeg. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 53.1), non Miller (1768: n.º 10). Senecio kolenatianus subsp. pseudoorientalis (Schischkin) Avetisyan (1971: 45) . TYPE: Armenia, habitat in Oriente, C.L. Willdenow s.n. (lectotype, designated by Nordenstam (1989b: 63), B-W-15799!).

Senecio orientalis var. straussii Haussknecht ex Bornmüller (1906: 156) . Senecio straussii Haussknecht , nom. nud., in sched. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 38.1) (JE-5740 image!, JE-5741 image!). TYPE: Iran, Hamadan, montes Karagan, [35º27'N 49º15'E], July 1899, T. Strauss s.n. (lectotype, designated here, B-10-0325079!; isolectotype, JE-5743 image!).

Senecio codonocephalus Fenzl , nom. nud., in sched. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 38.1) (LE!, P-743030 image!, S!).

Perennial herb. Rhizome 2–5 cm long, 0.7–1.6 cm in diam., ± horizontal, with swelled fastigiate roots. Stem 45–104 cm, erect, leaved, corrugated, solid, not ramificated, glabrous to covered with scattered trichomes, base with tufts of hairs and usually without remnants of old leaves. Basal leaves 6.5–18.5 cm long, 1.5–3.2 cm wide, ± persistent, sometimes withering early, oblanceolate to lanceolate (ratio basal leaf width / basal leaf length = 0.09–0.35), obtuse, rarely acute, attenuate to cuneate, with a petiole 2.5–12.5 cm long, entire to denticulate, sometimes finely dentate (teeth ca. 0.4 mm deep), glabrous to covered with scattered trichomes (trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long), concolorous. Cauline leaves 7–22; middle cauline leaves 5.6–17 cm long, 0.7–4.1 cm wide, alternate, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate (ratio middle leaf width / middle leaf length = 0.09–0.28), acute to obtuse, sessile, sometimes attenuated into a petiole up to 5 cm long, entire to denticulate, sometimes finely dentate (teeth ca. 0.4 mm deep), covered with scattered trichomes to glabrous, tertiary venation inconspicuous; upper cauline leaves 1.5–6.7 cm long, 0.2–2.5 cm wide, linear to narrowly lanceolate (ratio upper leaf width / upper leaf length = 0.13–0.37), acute, sessile, entire to denticulate, covered with scattered trichomes to glabrous. Synflorescence 4–24 cm long, corymbose, with linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate bracts. Capitula (4–)8–16(–24), 24.2–42.8 mm in diam.; involucre 7.4–17 mm in diam., 7–10 mm long, cupuliform; involucral bracts (18–)21–22(–24), 5.7–8.2 mm long, 0.9–1.9 mm wide, with scarious margin 0.24–0.56 mm wide, ensiform, acute, 0–2-keeled, apex with a black spot, glabrous; supplementary bracts (6–)9–12(–14), 3.1–7 mm long, 0.5–1.1 mm wide, subulate, without scarious margin, a half to three quarters as long as involucral bracts, with scattered trichomes on the margin (trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long), rarely slightly arachnoid, not imbricated. Ligulate florets 10–15, 13.9–25.8 mm long, yellow; tubular florets 6.5–8.7 mm long, 0.6–1.7 mm in diam., yellow. Achenes 3.8–6.2 mm long, 0.7–1.2 mm wide, subcylindrical (ratio achene width / achene length = 0.17–0.27), shorter than pappus (ratio achene length / pappus length = 0.46–0.85), with 10–14 ribs, glabrous, rarely some trichomes near the top ca. 0.1 mm long; pappus 5.2–8.5 mm long, whitish. Chromosome number: n =20 ( Ghaffari 1999: 97). Figure 22 .

Iconography: — Nordenstam (1989b: tab. 38); Avetisyan (1995: 473, tab. 183, sub S. kolenatianus subsp. pseudoorientalis ).

Distribution and habitat: — Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq *, Turkey; subalpine and alpine meadows, streamsides, banks of marshes, steppes, on calcareous and volcanic soils; elevations of 1400–2850 m ( Figure 23 ).

Phenology: — Flowering from May to August.

Etymology: — The new epithet pseudoorientalis replaces the illegitimate epithet orientalis of Willdenow.

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SYSTEMATICS OF SENECIO SECTION CROCISERIS

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Discussion: — Senecio pseudoorientalis is a species that is glabrous, with synflorescence bracts usually broadly lanceolate and glabrous achenes. In Anatolia there are two species morphologically similar to S. pseudoorientalis : S. kolenatianus and S. castagneanus . All of them have a similar habit (middle size, usually several capitula, and involucre with supplementary bracts shorter than involucral ones). Moreover, S. kolenatianus overlaps partially its distribution area with S. pseudoorientalis . The differences between S. pseudoorientalis and S. castagneanus are commented under the latter, while the characters used to distinguish S. pseudoorientalis and S. kolenatianus are the morphology of the cauline leaves, and the achene indumentum. In S. kolenatianus the cauline leaves usually do not decrease strongly in size up the apex, the lower ones are usually shortly petiolated with the base of the leaf abruptly attenuate, and with the tertiary venation usually slightly conspicuous. Regarding S. pseudoorientalis , the cauline leaves decrease strongly in size up the apex, becoming sessile quickly up the stem, and the tertiary venation is inconspicuous, rarely slightly visible. The achenes are usually glabrous in S. pseudoorientalis vs. sparsely hairy in the upper part (rarely glabrous) in S. kolenatianus . In addition, S. pseudoorientalis usually has the base of the stem with tufts of hairs, while S. kolenatianus sometimes has remnants of old leaves, and rarely tufts of hairs. In northeastern Turkey these species overlap their ranges, and sometimes it is difficult to identify some specimens (i.e., Sintenis 6274, Watson 3219). In these populations mature achenes are required to differentiate them from S. kolenatianus . Likewise, the populations from Taurus Mountains, which represent the western limit of S. pseudoorientalis , display larger capitula and supplementary bracts slightly broader than the eastern populations (i.e., Kotschy 312).

The type is a Willdenow’s collection kept at B (B-W-15799-00, B-W-15799-01). It is worthwhile to mention that the third sheet (B-W-15799-02) is excluded from the original material because it corresponds to S. kolenatianus . The specimen shows ± abruptly attenuate cauline leaves not strongly decreasing in sizeup the stem, with leaves showing slightly conspicuous tertiary venation. Although the synflorescence is lacking in the voucher, it seems to bear solitary capitulum or up to 2. All these characters lead us to identify the mentioned sheet as S. kolenatianus instead of S. pseudoorientalis .

With regard to the syntypes of S. orientalis var. straussii , it is noteworthy that the Iranian collection from “montibus Tefresch” (Sultanabad, Markazi Province) is excluded because it clearly belongs to S. paulsenii subsp. khorasanicus (B-10-0325086!, JE-5739 image!).

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According to Qaisi (in litt.), this species probably occurs in the northeastern Iraq (indicated by an asterisk in the distribution). The collection Kotschy 269, which has not been studied, seems to be from this region.

Selected specimens examined. ARMENIA. Gegharkunik: ad lacus Goktschai , 40º25’N, 45º3’E, 3 July 1871, G. F . Radde 192 ( LE) . Kotayk: Caucasus, Suchoi fantan, 40º23’N, 44º41’E, Bayern s.n. ( LE) . Shirak: Aginskiy rayon, between Ani and Bagravan, 2–3 km to the south of Bagravan , 40º28’N, 43º39’E, 5 July 1960, N. N . Tsvelev & C . Cherepanov 886 ( LE) . Vayots Dzor: Dasalagez, near the village Koduch-vank , 39º55’N, 45º30’E, 16 Aug 1931, I . Karjagin & B . Safiev s.n. ( S) . AZERBAIJAN. Lankaran: Caucas, prope custodiam Germisch, districtus Swant [Suvant-Zuvand], 38º42’N, 48º18’E, 30 June 1880, G. F . Radde 226 ( LE) . Nakhchivan: Alagez, the Dali-chay river, Magarin track, in valley of Dali-chay river , 39º33’N, 45º43’E, 21 July 1932, E . Busch & N . Busch s.n. ( LE). Yukhari Garabagh: ad fluvium Bazartschai in prov. Karabagh , 39º44’N, 46º27’E, June 1829, A. J . Szovits s.n. ( LE) . IRAN. East Azerbaijan: Kiyamaki Protected Region, Kiyamaki Dagh ad boreo-orientem a pago Miab , 38º47’N, 45º51’E, 17 June 1977, K. H . Rechinger 56847 ( B, M) . Hamadan: Nehawend , 34º12’N, 48º23’E, 15 July 1895, T . Strauss s.n. ( JE) . Kurdistan: W Kurdistan, ad versuras 33 km NW Divandarreh versus Saqqez , 36º7’N, 46º48’E, 29 June 1974, K. H . Rechinger 48587 ( B) . West Azerbaijan: 26 km W of Rezaiyeh towards Serow , 37º43’N, 44º51’E, 14 June 1971, J . Lamond 4131 ( B, E) . TURKEY. Adana: Südl. Türkei, prov. Seghan, bei Saimbeyli ( Haçin , Hadjin ), 37º59’N, 36º5’E, A . Manissadjian 208 ( B, LE, S, UPS) . Ağri: E side of Tahir pass, 19 km from Eleşkirt to Horasan , 39º48’N, 42º28’E, 24 July 1966, P. H . Davis 47104 ( MO) . Amasya: Amasia, in montis Ak-dagh , 40º52’N, 35º54’E, 10 Aug 1889, J . Bornmüller 1105 ( B, LE, WU) . Bitlis: Turkish Armenia, Sanjak of Mush, Sekavi-Charborkh , 38º29’N, 41º46’E, 4 June 1916, B. K . Schischkin s.n. ( LE) . Erzincan: Armenia turcica, Egin , Koschneden-baschi , 39º13’N, 38º30’E, 18 June 1890, P . Sintenis 2693 ( B, FI, LE, S, Z) . Erzurum: montagne près Ispir , 40º30’N, 40º59’E, 5 July 1862, E . Bourgeau s.n. ( UPS, WU) . Gümüşhane: Armenia turcica, Szandschak Gümüschkhane, Stadodopi , 40º32’N, 39º27’E, 14 July 1894, P . Sintenis 6274 (BR, L, LE, S, WU, Z) . Kahramanmaraş: Maraş, distr. Göksun , Binboga dağ, in ravine on N. E . side of Isak dağ, 38º16’N, 36º33’E, 16 July 1952, P. H . Davis , J. G . Dodds & R . Çetik 20080 ( E, K, M) . Kars: Sarikamiş , 40º19’N, 42º36’E, 7 July 1957, P. H . Davis & I. C . Hedge 30766 ( M) . Kastamonu: Hakkari, Nehil Çayi, 10 km from Yüksekova to Hahhari , 37º33’N, 44º8’E, 2 July 1966, P. H . Davis 45852 ( C, K) . Kayseri: in cacumine Karadagh , 38º31’N, 35º27’E, June 1845, T . Heldreich s.n. ( LE) . Mersin: Cilicien, Bulghar Magara lehmige Orte , 37º15’N, 34º20’E, 1896, W . Siehe 616 ( G, LE, S, WU) . Niğde: Cilicien, Bulghar Maaden, Thalsohle , 37º27’N, 34º34’E, 1896, W . Siehe 616a ( G) . Van: 5 km NE of Başkale , 38º5’N, 44º2’E, 3 July 1966, P. H . Davis 45940 ( E, K) .

Figures

FIGURE 22. A–L. Senecio kolenatianus Meyer—a, b. Habit (drawn from Balansa 1474, FI).—c. Basal leaf (drawn from Kotschy s.n. June 1865, G).—d. Basal leaf (drawn from Herrero 1585 et al., MA).—e. Capitulum (drawn from Woronow 6127, B).—f. Involucral bract (drawn from Woronow 6127, B).—g. Supplementary bract (drawn from Woronow 6127, B).—h. Ligulate floret (drawn from Woronow 6127, B).—i. Tubular floret (drawn from Woronow 6127, B).—j. Stamens (drawn from Woronow 6127, B).—k. Achene (drawn from Davis 20580, M).—l. Indumentum of achene (drawn from Davis 20580, M). M–O. Senecio pseudoorientalis Schischkin—m. Basal leaf (drawn from Strauss s.n. July 1899, B).—n. Achene (drawn from Rechinger 43132, M).—o. Indumentum of achene (drawn from Rechinger 43132, M).

FIGURE 23. Distribution map for Senecio pseudoorientalis Schischkin (∆) and S. kolenatianus Meyer (●).