Trichogramma chagres Fursov and Woelke, 2019
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2019.1606360 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:941854EE-4A47-4A98-B88E-1EC19D83D074 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C70187BE-2F2E-FFAF-FEAC-FEAAFBE8F960 |
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treatment provided by |
Valdenar |
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scientific name |
Trichogramma chagres Fursov and Woelke |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Trichogramma chagres Fursov and Woelke , sp. nov.
( Figures 2 View Figure 2 and 3 View Figure 3 )
Diagnosis
Trichogramma chagres sp. nov. is characterized by a wide GC (about 2.21–2.30 times as long as wide, Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b,c)), very wide DLA ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (c)), very long, narrow and apically sharp IVP ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b)), long and sharp setae of antennae (about 1.92–2.11 times as long as width of clava, Figure 2 View Figure 2 (c)). The new species is morphologically close to T. benetti Nagaraja and Nagarkatti , T. drepanoforum Pinto and Oatman and T. atopovirilia Oatman and Platner , but it is distinguishable from them all in the possession of the distinctly long and narrow IVP (about 1.21–1.57 times as long as wide, Figure 2 View Figure 2 (c)), which is much shorter and wider in the other species ( Nagaraja and Nagarkatti 1973; Oatman and Platner 1983; Querino and Zucchi 2005). Apart from the shape of IVP, T. chagres sp. nov. differs from T. bennetti in having a very narrow base of GC ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b,c)) (it is widened basally in T. bennetti ). The new species is distinguishable from both T. drepanoforum and T. bennetti in having the wide DLA shaped like a spade with a subtriangular tip ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (c)) (the tip of DLA is evenly acute in both T. drepanoforum and T. bennetti ). Also, the tip of DLA is extended beyond the tips of vorsellar digiti in T. chagres sp. nov. ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b,c)), unlike in T. bennetti . Trichogramma chagres sp. nov. ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b,c)) is also distinguishable from T. atopovirilia in having a short vorsellar digiti, whereas they are sharp and much longer in the latter species. IVP of T. atopovirilia is very short, broadly triangular, with 3 tiny ribs on its tip, whereas IVP is long, narrow and with sharp arrow-like tip in T. chagres sp. nov. GC is suboval and much broader, with ratio GL/GW about 1.70 in T. atopovirilia , whereas it is more slender and narrow, with GL/GW = 2.21–2.30 (avg. 2.24) in T. chagres sp. nov.
Description
Based on holotype and 3 paratype male specimens.
Colour of head and antennae yellow; meso- and metasoma dark brown, except bright yellow axillae, propodeum and base of gaster. All legs yellow, except hind femora and tibiae which are dirty yellow-brown.
Antenna ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (d)) with flagellum 5.26–6.51 (avg. 5.67) times as long as maximum width, 1.92–2.11 (avg. 1.95) times as long as length of scape; SL/FW = 2.85–3.43 (avg. 3.10). Number of flagellar setae 35–38 ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (d)).
GL ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b,c)) 112.25–137.18 μm (avg. 122.73), GW 50.87–62.11 (avg. 55.50), DA-L 82.15–105.89 (avg. 90.03). DLA-L 23.62–38.29 (avg. 30.85), DLA-W 29.39–33.14 (avg. 31.66); IVP-L 6.97–13.22 (avg. 8.76), IVP-W 4.62–9.90 (avg. 6.18); AD 25.51–38.86 (avg. 31.83); PL 25.81–38.29 (avg. 30.80); AL-B 42.13–44.94 (avg. 44.69); AL 85.63–116.85 (avg. 97.39).
GC wide, with wide DLA, GL/GW = 2.21–2.30 (avg. 2.24), but very narrow at the base ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b,c)), widest medially or subapically (at distance of 0.53 of GL), then sharply narrowed to the top, with elongated dorsal aperture. DA-L/GL = 0.70–0.78 (avg. 0.74). DLA very wide, spade-shaped, without basal lobes, but with small sharp lateral-apical notches, with nearly parallel lateral sides and with rounded and slightly sharpened apical part ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (c)), extended over apical parts of parameres ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b,c)). DLA-L/DLA-W = 0.81–1.18 (avg. 0.98). GW/DLA-W = 1.60–1.92 (avg. 1.77). DLA-L/GL = 0.47–0.50 (avg. 0.49). Apex of DLA not extending beyond apical part of parameres, but extending beyond apices of vorsellar digiti ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b)). IVP sclerotized, large, with wide base and with sharp teeth-like apex ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b)). IVP-L/IVP-W = 1.21–1.57 (avg. 1.42). AD/IVP-L = 2.58–5.19 (avg. 3.76). AD/GL = 0.23–0.31 (avg. 0.27). Apical part of GC narrowed gradually, without curvature. Parameres extending to the apex of vorsellar digiti at a distance 1.56–2.75 (avg. 2.07) as long as IVP ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (b)). PL/ DLA-L = 0.77–1.28 (avg. 1.04). DA-L/GL = 0.71–0.78 (avg. 0.75). AL/GL = 0.47–0.50 (avg. 0.49). AL-B/AL = 0.73–0.86 (avg. 0.82).
Wings. Fore and hind wings transparent. MV with three large and four small setae ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 (e)). Hind wing with 1–2 setae in anterior, 16–21 setae in middle and 5–8 setae in posterior setal track; fringe with 17–20 short anterior and 24–25 long posterior setae; FL/HWW = 1.52–1.68.
Material examined
Holotype male. (SIZK), PANAMA, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, collected 11 March 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk), specimen on glass slide under 2 small cover slips (genitalia under right side cover slip), circled with black ink, on slide no. 2019 (strain L21) (in Canada balsam). GoogleMaps
Paratypes. same data (all from strain L21), 1 female on slide no. 2019 (SIZK); 1 male and 1 female on slide no. 2020 (SIZK); 1 male and 1 female on slide no. 2021 (RMNH); 1 male and 1 female on slide no. 2022 (NHMUK) (all in Canada balsam).
Additional material. (SIZK) same label (strain L23, this parasitized Heliconiini egg was collected on the same plant, date and location as strain L21), 5 males and 4 females on slide no. 1875; 3 males and 3 females on slide no. 1876; 3 males and 3 females on slide no. 1877; 3 males and 3 females on slide no. 1878 (all in Canada balsam).
PANAMA, Gamboa, 9°07 ʹ 05.8 ʺ N, 79°41 ʹ 41.1 ʺ W, collected 3 April 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on P. vitifolia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk), strain L31 (SIZK), 3 males and 2 females on slide no. 1871; 3 males and 3 females on slide no. 1872; 3 males and 3 females on slide no. 1873; 5 males and 4 females on slide no. 1874 (all in Canada balsam).
Field records. Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #112, 7 females and 2 males collected 26 February 2008 from egg of Agraulis vanillae vanillae ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #295 (origin of strain L21) 10 females and 2 males collected 11 March 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #300, 6 females and 1 male collected 11 March 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J. B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #301 (origin of strain L23) 10 females and 2 males collected 11 March 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
Panama, Gamboa, 9°07 ʹ 05.8 ʺ N, 79°41 ʹ 41.1 ʺ W, #1039 (origin of strain L31), unknown number of wasps collected 3 April 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on P. vitifolia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
Host
Wasps were reared from eggs of Agraulis vanillae vanillae ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (g,h)) and Heliconiini spp. found on Passiflora foetida L. var. isthmia Killip ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (d)) and P. vitifolia Kunth ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (e)).
Biology
Idiobiont endoparasitoid. All specimens of this species were reared from collected eggs of Heliconiini butterflies, which were deposited on Passiflora plants. The collected wasps had an average of 8.25 ± 2.06 SD females and 1.75 ± 0.50 SD males per egg, and a sex-ratio of 21.21%. More specific information about strain L21 ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 ), L23 and L31 ( Figure S1 View Figure 1 ). Females actively oviposit into fresh and relatively mature host eggs (with red bands) ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (a–c), S1a,b). The freshly laid parasitoid egg is 0.08–0.09 mm long ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (d), S1c), developing embryo within the egg (24 h after oviposition) is about 0.15 mm long and 0.05 mm wide (in its widest part) ( Figure S1d,e View Figure 1 ). The newly hatched larva is about 0.1 mm long, with distinct head capsule bearing mandibles and three thoracic segments separated by deep constrictions, unsegmented abdomen and a caudal formation behind ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (e)). The mature fully fed larva is about 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, with pulsing mid gut full of consumed host yolk, with remnants of caudal bladder (membranes) behind ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (f–h), S 1g,h). No moults were traced during the larval development, and the mandibles of hatching and mature larvae are of the same size, about 0.01 mm long ( Figure S1f View Figure 1 ).
Distribution
Panama, tropical lowland rainforest of the Soberania National Park (Parque Nacional Soberanía) ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (c)), and in the town of Gamboa and surroundings.
Etymology
The Chagres (in Spanish: Rio Chagres) is the largest river (193 km) in the Panama Canal watershed. The river that surrounds our research areas, making a sharp bend around the town of Gamboa.
Sequence analysis
MegaBLAST analysis revealed that our Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequences of T. chagres sp. nov. matched with 40% query cover and 89% identity to T. chilotraeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti in GenBank. Sequence ID T. chagres sp. nov.: MK159692 View Materials .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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