Thripinae, Stephens, 1829

Mound, L. A. & Ng, Y. F., 2009, An illustrated key to the genera of Thripinae (Thysanoptera) from South East Asia, Zootaxa 2265 (1), pp. 27-47 : 34-37

Key to Genera of Thripinae

[excluding Mecothrips and Smeringothrips ]

[* included from published descriptions]

1. Dark brown species with head and metanotum strongly reticulate ( Fig. 18 ); major setae on pronotum and forewing long with apices capitate ........................................................................................................................... Echinothrips

-. Never dark brown and reticulate; major setae not long and capitate ........................................................................... 2

2. Pronotum with six pairs of very long setae ( Fig. 50 ) .................................................................................... Scolothrips

-. Pronotum never with more than five pairs of major setae ( Figs 2 , 24 ) ........................................................................ 3

3. Abdominal tergites with lateral thirds fully covered with numerous microtrichia ( Figs 17 , 28 , 48 ) ........................... 4

-. Abdominal tergites without numerous microtrichia occupying lateral thirds, rarely with a few microtrichia near lateral margins ( Fig. 30 ).................................................................................................................................................... 9

4. Lateral thirds of tergites with closely spaced rows of minute microtrichia ................................................................. 5

-. Microtrichia on lateral thirds of tergites not in closely spaced regular rows ( Figs 17 , 28 ) .......................................... 8

5. Antennal segment VIII elongate, almost 10 times as long as wide and 4 times as long as VII ( Fig. 4 ) ........................ ................................................................................................................................................... Projectothrips [in part]

-. Antennal segment VIII not so long and slender .......................................................................................................... 6

6. Pronotum with two pairs of prominent posteroangular setae; male antennal segment VI often three times as long as segment V ................................................................................................................................................. Mycterothrips

-. Pronotum with no long setae, or no more than one pair of prominent posteroangular setae ( Fig. 53 ); antennae not sexually dimorphic........................................................................................................................................................ 7

7. Forewing second vein with no setae; posterior margin of abdominal sternites with comb of microtrichia; male apterous ................................................................................................................................................................ Siamothrips

-. Forewing second vein with irregular row of setae; posterior margin of sternites without comb of microtrichia ( Fig. 49 ); both sexes fully winged ........................................................................................................................ Scirtothrips

8. Tergites III–VII lateral thirds with numerous broadly based stout microtrichia ( Fig. 17 ) ................. Dendrothripoides

-. Lateral thirds of tergites with polygonal sculpture bearing irregular minute microtrichia ( Fig. 28 ) ......... Isunidothrips

9. Major setae on head, pronotum and forewings fan shaped to lanceolate ......................... Watanabeothrips * [females]

-. Major setae on head, pronotum and forewings setaceous ...................................................................... ................... 10

10. Antennal segment II strongly asymmetric, external margin prolonged; antennal segment I much wider than long ( Fig. 1 ) ......................................................................................................................................................... Arorathrips

-. Antennal segment II external margin not prolonged, segment I not swollen ............................................................ 11

11. Pronotum with no long posteroangular setae ............................................................................................................. 12

-. Pronotum with at least one pair of prominent posteroangular setae ( Figs 2, 3 ) ......................................................... 20

12. Meso- and meta-thoracic furcae both with prominent spinula ( Fig. 36 ) .................................................................... 13

-. Meta-thoracic furca with no spinula, or with spinula weakly indicated and with diffuse margins; meso-thoracic furca with or without spinula ............................................................................................................................................... 14

13. Abdominal tergites VII–VIII posterior margin with complete microtrichial comb arising from a narrow craspedum. ....................................................................................................................................................................... Ranjana *

-. Tergites VII–VIII posterior margin without microtrichia or craspedum ...................................................... Octothrips

14. Abdominal tergites V–VII laterally with pair of ctenidia ( Fig. 6 ) ..........................................................Thrips [in part]

-. Abdominal tergites V–VII laterally without pair of regular ctenidia ........................................................................ 15

15. Abdominal tergites II–VIII with entire but toothed craspedum, sternites II–VI with lobed craspedum Aneurothrips *

-. Tergites and sternites without craspeda ..................................................................................................................... 16

16. Antennal segments III–IV with sensorium simple; ocellar setae pair I absent ( Fig. 45 )............................................ 17

-. Antennal segments III–IV with sensorium forked; ocellar setae pair I usually present ( Fig. 51 );............................. 18

17. Head strongly reticulate; major setae on tergite IX with apices expanded ................................................ Indusiothrips

-. Head with almost no sculpture; major setae on tergite IX acute .................................................................. Takethrips

18. Ocellar setae pair I absent; metafurca with weakly defined, diffuse spinula; metanotum with transverse lines of sculpture .................................................................................................................................. Dichromothrips [in part]

-. Ocellar setae pair I present; metafurca with no spinula; metanotal sculpture longitudinal or weakly reticulate ...... 19

19. Forewing first and second veins each with complete row of regularly spaced setae ..................... Pseudanaphothrips

-. Forewing veins with setae irregularly and widely spaced ....................................................................... Anaphothrips

20. Pronotal anterior margin with 1 or 2 pairs of setae that are much longer than discal setae ( Figs 2 , 24 ).................... 21

-. Pronotum with no long setae on anterior margin ( Fig. 25 ) ........................................................................................ 26

21. Forewing first and second veins each with complete (or almost complete) row of setae; abdominal tergites VI–VIII with paired ctenidia laterally....................................................................................................................................... 22

-. Forewing first vein with setal row widely interrupted; tergites without ctenidia ...................................................... 23

22. Ctenidia on tergites VI–VII terminating close to tergal seta S3 ............................................................... Frankliniella

-. Ctenidia on tergites VI–VII terminating at median pair of lateral marginal setae .................. Parabaliothrips [in part]

23. Forewing second vein with few, widely spaced, long setae; tergite VIII with complete posteromarginal comb of long regular microtrichia; tergites and sternites with prominent reticulation ............................................................ Ayyaria

-. Forewing second vein with many equally spaced setae ( Fig. 44 ); tergite VIII either with no comb or with comb interrupted medially; tergites and sternites without prominent reticulation ...................................................................... 24

24. Ocellar setae pair III arising close to anterolateral margins of ocellar triangle; tergite VIII posterior margin on lateral thirds with well-developed comb ............................................................................................. Megalurothrips [in part]

-. Ocellar setae pair III arising close to posterior margin of ocellar triangle ( Fig. 23 ); tergite VIII posterior margin with no comb or a very few microtrichia near lateral margins ........................................................................................... 25

25. Head with width of inter-antennal process greater than width of first antennal segment ( Fig. 23 ) ............................... .................................................................................................................................................... Filipinothrips [in part]

-. Head with width of inter-antennal process narrow ( Fig. 37 ) ....................................................... Okajimaella [in part]

26. Female with ovipositor short and weak, lacking serrations ( Fig. 40 ) ........................................................................ 27

-. Female with ovipositor long and clearly serrate ( Fig. 47 ) ......................................................................................... 28

27. Antennae 7-segmented, sensoria forked [male with antennal segments IV–VI long with many long setae, III about 0.5 as long as IV] ........................................................................................................................................ Plesiothrips

-. Antennae 8-segmented, sensoria simple ............................................................................................... Metaxyothrips *

28. Antennal segment VIII elongate, narrowed to base ( Fig. 4 ) ...................................................... Projectothrips [in part]

-. Antennal segment VIII not long and slender ............................................................................................................. 29 29. Tergites V–VIII laterally with paired ctenidia ( Fig. 6 ) ............................................................................................... 30

-. Tergites without paired ctenidia ( Figs 7, 13 ) .............................................................................................................. 38

30. Mouthcone long and pointed, extending across prosternum ............................................................... Oxyrrhinothrips

-. Mouthcone not elongate, not extending across prosternum ....................................................................................... 31

31. Posterior margin of abdominal tergites without craspedum ( Fig. 6 ) .......................................................................... 32

-. Posterior margin of tergites with craspedum ( Fig. 26 ) ............................................................................................... 36

32. Ocellar setae pair I present; ctenidia on tergite VIII anterolateral to spiracle ....................... Parabaliothrips [in part]

-. Ocellar setae pair I absent; ctenidia on tergite VIII posteromesad to spiracle ( Fig. 6 ) .............................................. 33

33. Antennal segments III and IV with simple sensorium .............................................................................. Bolacothrips

- Antennal segments III and IV with forked sensorium ................................................................................................ 34

34. Antennal segment II without a mid-dorsal seta ( Fig. 54 ); mesothoracic sternopleural sutures not developed ............ .............................................................................................................................................................. Sphaeropothrips

-. Antennal segment II with a seta on dorsal surface basad to the campaniform sensilla ( Fig. 58 ); mesothoracic sternopleural sutures present ............................................................................................................................................ 35

35. Ocellar setae II longer than ocellar setae III ( Fig. 55 ) ......................................................................... Stenchaetothrips

-. Ocellar setae II shorter than ocellar setae III .......................................................................................................Thrips

36. Abdominal sternites with numerous discal setae ( Fig. 31 ), without craspedum; prosternal basantra with several setae ( Fig. 32 ) ........................................................................................................................................... Microcephalothrips

-. Sternites without discal setae, posterior margins with craspedum ( Fig. 19 ); prosternal basantra without setae........ 37

37. Tergites II–VII with craspedum entire, VIII with posterior margin of craspedum bearing slender microtrichial comb ....................................................................................................................................................................... Ernothrips

-. Tergites II–VIII with toothed craspedum ( Fig. 26 ) ....................................................................................... Fulmekiola

38. Metathoracic furca bifurcate and extending to mesothorax ............................................................. Trachynotothrips *

-. Metathoracic furca not greatly enlarged and bifurcate .............................................................................................. 39

39. Tergite VIII posterior margin with comb of microtrichia present medially .............................................................. 40

-. Tergite VIII posterior margin without a comb, or with comb present only laterally.................................................. 50

40. Head strongly projecting in front of eyes ( Fig. 38 ); fore tibia inner apex with broadly flattened seta ... Organothrips

-. If head projecting in front of eyes, then fore tibial apex without such a seta ............................................................. 41

41. Head with more than 2 pairs of pre-ocellar setae .................................................................................... Amomothrips

-. Head with 1 or 2 pairs of pre-ocellar setae ( Fig. 45 ) .................................................................................................. 42

42. Ocellar setae pair I present ( Fig. 51 )........................................................................................................................... 43

-. Ocellar setae pair I absent ( Fig. 45 )............................................................................................................................ 45

43. Setae on the first and second vein of forewing very long, longest seta twice as long as wing width ( Fig. 22 ) ............. ................................................................................................................................................................. Euphysothrips

-. Setae on the first and second vein of forewing shorter, longest seta scarcely as long as wing width ........................ 44

44. Forewing clavus without discal seta; males with numerous small pore plates on sternites ( Fig. 11 ), tergite IX without stout thorn-like setae .......................................................................................................................... Ceratothripoides

-. Forewing clavus with discal setal; male without sternal pore plates, and with three pairs of stout thorn-like setae on tergite IX .................................................................................................................................................. Lefroyothrips

45. Metathoracic furca with long spinula ( Fig. 20 ) ......................................................................................................... 46

-. Metathoracic furca with no spinula ........................................................................................................................... 47

46. Sternite VII with three pairs of major setae; head about as long as wide ( Fig. 12 ) ................ Dichromothrips [in part]

-. Sternite VII with two pairs of major setae; head much longer than wide .......................................... Moundinothrips *

47. Tergites and sternites with posteromarginal craspeda; male tergite IX with horn-like process bear 2 short stout setae ............................................................................................................................................................... Plutonothrips *

-. Tergites and sternites with no posteromarginal craspeda; male tergite IX without such a process ........................... 48

48. Head projecting in front of eyes ( Fig. 45 ); ocellar setae III arising near anterior margins of ocellar triangle; metanotal median setae small and far behind anterior margin of sclerite ................................................................. Sciothrips

-. Head not projecting in front of eyes; ocellar setae arise within triangle ( Fig. 58 ); metanotal median setae long and arise at anterior margin .............................................................................................................................................. 49

49. Pronotal posteroangular setae acute ........................................................................................................... Taeniothrips

-. Pronotal posteroangular setae “fringed or abruptly pointed” ..................................................................... Javathrips *

50. Head with width of inter-antennal process greater than width of first antennal segment ( Fig. 23 ) ............................... ................................................................................................................................................... Filipinothrips [in part]

-. Head with width of inter-antennal process narrower than first antennal segment ..................................................... 51

51. Tergite VIII with area of specialised sculpture extending anteriorly from each spiracle to antecostal ridge ( Fig. 8 ) .... ......................................................................................................................................................... Chaetanaphothrips

-. Tergite VIII without a large area of sculpture around the spiracles ........................................................................... 52

52. Pronotal posterior angles each with two pairs of short, fluted and broadly expanded, trumpet-shaped setae ( Fig. 43 ) ................................................................................................................................................................ Salpingothrips

-. Posteroangular setae not trumpet-shaped .................................................................................................................. 53

53. Pronotum with one pair of long posteroangular setae that are flattened and fringed in distal half ( Fig. 42 ) ................. ................................................................................................................................................................... Pteridothrips

-. Pronotal posteroangular setae pointed not flattened near apex................................................................................... 54

54. Antennal segment III (usually also IV) with sensorium simple ................................................................................. 55

-. Antennal segments III–IV with sensorium forked ..................................................................................................... 58

55. Antennae with only 6 segments ( Fig. 10 ) ................................................................................................... Priesneriola

-. Antennae with 8 segments ......................................................................................................................................... 56

56. Tergite X with pair of prominent thorn-like setae ( Fig. 29 ) ......................................................................... Limothrips

-. Tergite X without prominent stout setae .................................................................................................................... 57

57. Tergites with no posteromarginal craspedum, campaniform sensilla not close to posterior margin ........ Yoshinothrips

-. Tergites with posteromarginal craspedum, campaniform sensilla close to posterior margin ( Fig. 7 ) .. Bregmatothrips

58. Sternite VII with posteromarginal setae S1 and S2 arising close together in front of margin ( Fig. 46 )......................... .............................................................................................................................................. Rhamphothrips / Exothrips

-. Sternite VII with median two pairs of setae not arising close together ..................................................................... 59

59. Tergites IV–VII with posteromarginal craspedum ( Fig. 13 ) ...................................................................................... 60

-. Tergites without a craspedum on posterior margin ................................................................................................... 63

60. Metanotal median setae arise behind anterior margin ( Fig. 56 ) .................................................................... Tusothrips

-. Metanotal median setae arise at anterior margin ....................................................................................................... 61

61. Ocellar setae pair I absent; fore tibia with tooth at inner apex ( Fig. 9 ); sternite II with numerous very stout microtrichia ............................................................................................................................................................ Clypeothrips

-. Ocellar setae pair I present ( Fig. 51 ); fore tibia without an apical tooth ................................................................... 62

62. Head and pronotum both wider than long ............................................................................................ Craspedothrips

-. Head longer than wide and projecting in front of eyes ( Fig. 51 ) ............................................................... Sorghothrips

63. Tergite VIII posterior margin with well developed comb laterally, but widely interrupted medially ( Fig. 30 ) ......... 64

-. Tergite VIII posterior margin with no comb of microtrichia ..................................................................................... 65

64. Forewing first vein with a long row of about 16 setae at base then a gap before 2 or 3 setae near the wing apex ( Fig. 44 ) ........................................................................................................................................... Megalurothrips [in part]

-. Forewing first vein with a short row of about 7 setae at base, then 3 setae widely spaced before the wing apex ........ ...................................................................................................................................................................... Tenothrips

65. Ocellar setae III arising in line with posterior margins of posterior ocelli ( Fig. 39 ) .................................................. 66

-. Ocellar setae arising in more anterior position, rarely in between posterior ocelli .................................................... 69

66. Pronotum and metanotum with markings inside reticulations .............................................. Watanabeothrips * [males]

-. Pronotum and metanotum with no marking between any major sculpture lines........................................................ 67

67. Pronotum almost transverse, with many prominent transverse lines of sculpture ( Fig. 39 ) ............................ Paithrips

-. Pronotum clearly trapezoidal, either with no sculpture or with very faint transverse lines ....................................... 68

68. Pronotal posteromarginal setae S5 and S6 about 1.5 times as long as S2; pronotum with no transverse striae ( Fig. 37 ) ...................................................................................................................................................... Okajimaella [in part]

-. Pronotal posteromarginal setae S5 and S6 sub-equal to S2; pronotum with many very fine transverse striae ( Fig. 52 ) .................................................................................................................................................................... Simulothrips

69. Pronotum, with many strong sculpture lines ..................................................................................... Neocorynothrips *

-. Pronotum, also metanotum and ocellar triangle, without strong sculpture ............................................................... 70

70. Antennal segment I with two (or one) dorso-apical setae ( Figs 37, 39 ).................................................................... 71

-. Antennal segment I with no dorso-apical setae ( Fig. 54 ) ........................................................................................... 72

71. Pronotum with one pair of long posteroangular setae ............................................................................... Laplothrips *

-. Pronotum with two pairs of long posteroangular setae ........................................................................ Trichromothrips

72. Ocellar setae III more than twice as long as distance between posterior ocelli ( Fig. 3 ) ................................... Bathrips

-. Ocellar setae III about as long as distance between posterior ocelli ( Fig. 14 ) ............................................. Danothrips

Figures

FIGURES 14–22. Thripinae genera. (14) Danothrips; (15) Danothrips metanotum; (16) Danothrips tergites VII–VIII; (17) Dendrothripoides tergites IV–VI; (18) Echinothrips; (19) Ernothrips sternites VI–VII; (20) Dichromothrips meso and metasterna; (21) Euphysothrips pronotum to metanotum; (22) Euphysothrips forewing.

FIGURES 45–53. Thripinae genera. (45) Sciothrips; (46) Rhamphothrips sternites VI–VII; (47) Rhamphothrips ovipositor; (48) Scirtothrips tergites VI–VII; (49) Scirtothrips sternites V–VI; (50) Scolothrips; (51) Sorghothrips; (52) Simulothrips; (53) Siamothrips pronotum to metanotum.

FIGURES 1–13. Thripinae genera. (1) Arorathrips; (2) Ayyaria; (3) Bathrips; (4) Projectothrips; (5) Bolacothrips; (6) Bolacothrips tergites VII–VIII; (7) Bregmatothrips tergites VII–VIII; (8) Chaetanaphothrips tergites VII–VIII; (9) Clypeothrips with detail of fore tibia; (10) Priesneriola; (11) Ceratothripoides male sternites IV–VI (12) Dichromothrips; (13) Craspedothrips tergites VII–VIII.

FIGURES 23–33. Thripinae genera. (23) Filipinothrips; (24) Frankliniella pronotum; (25) Fulmekiola; (26) Fulmekiola tergites VI–VII; (27) Indusiothrips; (28) Isunidothrips tergites V–VII; (29) Limothrips tergites VIII–X; (30) Megalurothrips tergite VIII; (31) Microcephalothrips sternites V–VI; (32) Microcephalothrips prosternal setae; (33) Mycterothrips tergites VII–VIII.

FIGURES 34–44. Thripinae genera. (34) Octothrips pronotum to metanotum; (35) Octothrips tergites VII–VIII; (36) Octothrips meso and metasterna; (37) Okajimaella; (38) Organothrips; (39) Paithrips; (40) Plesiothrips ovipositor; (41) Projectothrips tergites VII–VIII; (42) Pteridothrips pronotum; (43) Salpingothrips pronotum; (44) Megalurothrips forewing.

FIGURES 54–59. Thripinae genera. (54) Sphaeropothrips; (55) Stenchaetothrips; (56) Tusothrips pronotum to metanotum; (57) Taeniothrips euophthalmos Holotype; (58) Taeniothrips; (59) Taeniothrips pronotum.