Triphyllozoon hirsutum ( Busk, 1884 )

Martino, Emanuela Di & Taylor, Paul D., 2018, Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia, Zootaxa 4419 (1), pp. 1-70 : 59-61

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4419.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:03CAFD21-185F-4C86-ACC3-8CEB61E7F7DD

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3799596

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF6D87AA-E874-D272-FF7D-F88A0815FA0E

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Triphyllozoon hirsutum ( Busk, 1884 )
status

 

Triphyllozoon hirsutum ( Busk, 1884) View in CoL

( Figs 177–183 View FIGURES 177–183 ; Table 39)

Retepora hirsuta Busk, 1884: 119 , pl. 26, fig. 4a–g.

Triphyllozoon hirsutum: Harmer, 1934: 594 View in CoL , pl. 35, fig. 24, pl. 36, fig. 1, pl. 39, figs 1–4; Hayward, 2000: 112, fig. 2a–c.

Figured material. RGM.1350596, RGM.1350597, Holocene, UPGG 041, off South Sulawesi.

Description. Colony erect, rigid, fenestrate. Fenestrulae oval, on average 0.65 mm long by 0.35 mm wide, often with an undulate outline because of protruding ovicells and avicularia. Trabeculae stout, consisting of 3–5 alternating series of autozooids. Autozooids distinct, bordered by a thin, raised rim of smooth calcification, rhomboidal to hexagonal, slightly longer than wide (mean L/W = 1.26). Frontal shield flat to gently convex, nodular, imperforate except for a few, scattered, marginal areolar pores, circular, 10–20 µm in diameter. Primary orifice slightly longer than wide, about 90–95 µm long (including sinus) by 75–85 µm wide, distal border denticulate, proximal edge straight with a median, small, U-shaped sinus; secondary orifice subcircular with a median, drop-shaped pseudosinus formed by the fusion of the two lobes of the short, flared peristome. Up to five oral spine bases are present in early ontogeny, the two lateral pairs often coalescent; commonly two spine bases persist later in ontogeny, but sometimes they are completely obscured by the development of the peristome. No avicularium on the peristome. Adventitious frontal avicularia of two types, smaller and oval (Av1), often associated with the ooecium, or slightly larger and elliptical (Av2), both types with complete crossbar. Rarely a large, lanceolate avicularium, with raised, channeled rostrum is present within the fenestrulae. Ooecia globular, broader than long, bearing the characteristic tri-lobed, sieve-like, frontal suture, the median suture commonly as long as or shorter than lateral sutures, which diverge at about 180 ˚ and curve medially. Abfrontal surface granular, divided into irregular polygonal sectors by vibices; within each sector sparse, small circular pores, and numerous, polymorphic avicularia; small elliptical avicularia similar to those seen on the frontal shield but sometimes with a more spatulate rostrum, and larger lanceolate avicularia similar to those seen within the fenestrulae.

Remarks. Triphyllozoon hirsutum is very abundant in our samples, with 25 and 405 fragments in the early Pleistocene and Holocene sample, respectively. This species, originally described from the Torres Strait at about 15 m depth, was subsequently recorded by Harmer (1934) from several localities in the Indo-West Pacific, including stations in the Makassar Strait, the western end of New Guinea, and East Timor, at 0–94 m depth. Two main diagnostic characters distinguish Triphyllozoon hirsutum from T. cf. benemunitum : the thick, coalescent spines seen in early astogeny, and defined as antenniform by Harmer (1934), and the trilobate suture with curved lateral branches.

N, Number of colonies and number of zooids measured; SD, standard deviation; Av, avicularium; Abfr, abfrontal.

RGM

National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Bryozoa

Class

Gymnolaemata

Order

Cheilostomatida

Family

Phidoloporidae

Genus

Triphyllozoon

Loc

Triphyllozoon hirsutum ( Busk, 1884 )

Martino, Emanuela Di & Taylor, Paul D. 2018
2018
Loc

Triphyllozoon hirsutum:

Hayward, P. J. 2000: 112
Harmer, S. F. 1934: 594
1934
Loc

Retepora hirsuta

Busk, G. 1884: 119
1884
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