Clavulinopsis amoena (Zollingeri & Moritzi 1844: 380) Corner (1950: 352)

Furtado, Ariadne N. M., Daniëls, Pablo P. & Neves, Maria Alice, 2016, New species and new records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 253 (1), pp. 1-26 : 11-12

Clavulinopsis amoena (Zollingeri & Moritzi 1844: 380) Corner (1950: 352)

Basidiomata ( Fig. 1g ) 2.5−5.0 × 0.2−0.4 cm, unbranched, caespitose. Clavula light yellow (1A5) to greenish yellow (1A7), paler toward the apex, cylindric and blunt or subclavate, becoming longitudinally rugulose; apex blunt and whitish (5A1); stipe 5.0−15 × 1.0−2.0 mm, generally white-villose or strigose at the base. Context waxy, solid becoming hollow; smell and taste unknown.

Basidiospores ( Fig. 8a ) 7.0−9.0 × 7.0−8.5 μm (Q=1.05), globose to subglobose, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, uniguttulate, with a large guttule that becomes greenish yellow at maturity, inamyloid; hilar appendage to 1.0 μm long. Basidia ( Fig. 8b ) 46−93 × 8.0−10 μm, subclavate, longer in old hymenia, clamped; 4-sterigmate 9.0−12 μm long. Cystidia absent. Hymenium 40−70 μm thick at base, thickening towards apex, absent on stipe. Subhymenium to 50 μm thick, composed of narrow hyphae 1.5−3.0 μm wide, inflating to 15 μm wide, clamped, with small orange granules that turn green with iodine. Context composed of parallel inflated hyphae 7.0−15 μm wide, partially clamped, thin-walled and longitudinal interweaving hyphae 2.0−7.0 μm wide, derived from the inflated hyphae and binding them together.

Habitat and distribution:—In the Atlantic Forest this species is found on soil with litter. In Brazil it is known from Amazonas, Rio Grande do Sul ( Corner 1970) and Santa Catarina (present study). Also known from Bolivia, Colombia, Japan, Panama, Peru ( Corner 1970), Solomon Islands ( Corner 1967a), Australia, Bonin Islands, Ceylon, Java, Malaysia ( Corner 1950), India ( Thind & Rattan 1967), Congo ( Corner 1966) and USA ( Petersen 1979).

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Urubici, Parque Nacional de São Joaquim (PNSJ), Trilha da Pedra, 28º08'40"S, 49º42'82"W, 17 February 2013, R.C.S. Friedrich 21 (FLOR 56164).

Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Nova Petrópolis, 1923, J.E. Rick n.n. (BPI 294820). USA. Pennsylvania: Pocono, 1931, C.B. Stifler n.n. (BPI 293702). MALAYSIA. Sabah: Kota Kinabalu, 20 April 1964, E.J.H. Corner n.n. (BPI 294819), ibid., 03 May 1964, E.J.H. Corner n.n. (BPI 294817). SOLOMON ISLAND. Guadalcanal: Popomanasia, 26 May 1965, E.J.H. Corner n.n. (BPI 294816).

Remarks:— Clavulinopsis amoena is easily identified by the presence of a short, whitely villous or strigose stipe, globose to subglobose basidiospores, the guttule becoming intense greenish yellow at maturity and small orange granules in the subhymenial hyphae that turn green when exposed to iodine ( Corner, 1950). Corner (1950) discussed in detail the variation found in Cs. amoena and how it differs from other species. In the field, Cs. amoena can be mistaken for Cs. spiralis (Jungh.) Corner and also looks like a bright yellow form of Cs. fusiformis (Sowerby) Corner. The basidiomata of these three species begin as tufts of slender, cylindric and filiform structures with acute apices. With maturation they become fusiform to clavate as the hyphae inflate and the hymenium thickens. Clavulinopsis fusiformis differs by its golden to brownish yellow mature basidiomata and broadly ellipsoid to pip-shaped basidiospores, with a larger hilar appendage (1.0−2.0 μm long) ( Corner 1966). Clavulinopsis spiralis differs from Cs. amoena only by its smaller basidiospores (5.5−7.0 × 4.5−6.5 μm) ( Corner 1967a).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Photographs of basidiomata in the field. a Clavaria diverticulata (ACM 1044); b. Ca. fragilis (ACM 1041); c. Ca. fumosa (ACM 598); d. Ca. gibbsiae (ANMF 484); e. Ca. subglobosa (MAN 732); f. Ca. zollingeri (ANMF 365); g. Clavulinopsis amoena (KEL 21); h. Cs. aurantiocinnabarina (ANMF 382); i. Cs. dimorphica (ACM 1051); j. Cs. helvola (KEL 34); k. Cs. imperata (ANMF 482); l. Cs. laeticolor (ANMF 495); m. Cs. spiralis (MAN 1077); n. Ramariopsis kunzei (ACM 596). Bars = 1.0 cm. Photographs by Altielys C. Magnago (A, B, C, I, N) and Raquel Friedrich (G).

FIGURE 8. Microcharacters of Clavulinopsis amoena (KEL 21). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia. Bars = 10 μm.