Clavulinopsis dimorphica A.N.M. Furtado & M.A. Neves, 2016

Furtado, Ariadne N. M., Daniëls, Pablo P. & Neves, Maria Alice, 2016, New species and new records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 253 (1), pp. 1-26 : 12-13

Clavulinopsis dimorphica A.N.M. Furtado & M.A. Neves , sp. nov.

MB 816058

Diagnosis:—Basidiomata branched, solitary, yellow, orange-yellow to deep orange; branches subfastigiate, viscid, subcylindric, divided 2−3 times; basidiospores dimorphic, hyaline, oblong (8.0−9.5 × 3.5−5.5 μm) to broadly ellipsoid (6.5−7.5 × 4.0−6.0 μm); basidia dimorphic, clamped, 1 or 4-sterigmata; surface of sterile base covered by a trichodermal pellis composed of clampless cylindric hyphae (2.0−5.0 μm wide).

Etymology:—The name refers to the dimorphism of the basidia and basidiospores.

Holotype:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula, Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula (FLONA), 29º22'58"S, 50º22'32"W, 10 April 2014, A.C. Magnago 1051 (FLOR 56316).

Basidiomata ( Fig. 1i ) to 6.0 cm high, branched, solitary, yellow (3B7), orange-yellow (4B8) to deep orange (5A8), drying pale yellow (2B4); branches 3.0−5.0 mm wide, subfastigiate, smooth, viscid, subcylindric, firm, divided 2−3 times, dichotomous upwards, internodes gradually diminishing, axils U-shaped; apices concolorous with the branches, bifid and blunt or somewhat subulate; stipe 15 × 6.0 mm, smooth, slightly grooved at the base, concolorous with the branches. Context concolorous with the branches, solid, rather tough; smell and taste absent.

Basidiospores ( Fig. 10a ) dimorphic, the majority 8.0−9.5 × 3.5−5.5 μm (Q= 1.91), oblong, some 6.5−7.5 × 4.0−6.0 μm (Q=1.29), broadly ellipsoid, both hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, uniguttulate, inamyloid; hilar appendage 0.5 μm long, sublateral. Basidia ( Fig. 10b ) 50−64 × 6.0−10 μm, clavate-elongate, multiguttulate, clamped; sterigmata 1 or 4, 21−32 μm and 4.0−7.0 μm long respectively. Cystidia absent. Hymenium 75 μm in width, thickening towards the apex up to 160 μm, absent in stipe. Subhymenium hardly differentiated. Context with subparallel to interweaving hyphae 3.5−10 μm wide, clamped and thin-walled. Surface of sterile base covered by a trichodermal pellis composed of clampless cylindric hyphae 2.0−5.0 μm wide.

Habitat and distribution:—On the soil with litter, in the moist Atlantic Forest with Araucaria angustifolia . Known only from the type locality.

Remarks:—The size of both the hilar appendage and the basidiospore wall are important taxonomic characters used to identify species of Clavulinopsis ( Corner 1950) . The presence of a short hilar appendage is commonly associated with species of subg. Paraclavaria if the basidiospores are ellipsoid, and with species of subg. Clavulinopsis if the basidiospores are subglobose to broadly ellipsoid ( Corner 1950, 1970, Petersen 1978). The dimorphism and the shapes of the basidiospores of Clavulinopsis dimorphica do not fit Corner’s infrageneric classification ( Corner 1970). Also, it has been suggested that the spore morphology has changed several times during the diversification of the genus and should not be used to separate groups ( Kautmanová et al. 2012). Clavulinopsis corniculata and Cs. dimorphica have branched, yellowish basidiomata; however Cs. corniculata has globose basidiospores (5.5−6.0 × 5.0−5.5 μm) and only four-spored basidia ( Petersen 1979). Some parthenogenetic basidiomata with one or two sterigmata can be found in Cs. corniculata , but these have subglobose spores and clampless basidia (Olariaga 2009, Maas Geesteranus 1976).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Photographs of basidiomata in the field. a Clavaria diverticulata (ACM 1044); b. Ca. fragilis (ACM 1041); c. Ca. fumosa (ACM 598); d. Ca. gibbsiae (ANMF 484); e. Ca. subglobosa (MAN 732); f. Ca. zollingeri (ANMF 365); g. Clavulinopsis amoena (KEL 21); h. Cs. aurantiocinnabarina (ANMF 382); i. Cs. dimorphica (ACM 1051); j. Cs. helvola (KEL 34); k. Cs. imperata (ANMF 482); l. Cs. laeticolor (ANMF 495); m. Cs. spiralis (MAN 1077); n. Ramariopsis kunzei (ACM 596). Bars = 1.0 cm. Photographs by Altielys C. Magnago (A, B, C, I, N) and Raquel Friedrich (G).

FIGURE 10. Microcharacters of Clavulinopsis dimorphica (ACM 1051). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia. Bars = 10 μm.