EUPHORBIACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

EUPHORBIACEAE

Acalypha alopecuroidea Jacq., Collectanea 3: 196 (1791) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: San Fernando, Broadway 6360 (K). Global range: Bermuda, Bahamas , Cayman Islands , Greater Antilles , Lesser Antilles , southern United States , Mexico , Central America , Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru .

Acalypha amentacea Roxb. subsp. wilkesiana (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 10 (1980) Exotic.

Acalypha aristata Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 93 (1817) Exotic.

Acalypha arvensis Poepp. , Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 21 (1841) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside weed. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Augustine, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14796), Raynal 15572 (K, P, TRIN); Valsayn, Philcox 7223 (K, TRIN); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, 3.25 m.p., Philcox 7778 (K, P, TRIN); Guanapo Heights Road, 2 m. p., Philcox & Kalloo 7293 (K, P, TRIN), Adams 13549 (TRIN), Philcox 7807 (K, P, TRIN); O’Meara Ferry, Baker s.n. (TRIN 15029); San Rafael, Bruins-Lich s.n. (TRIN 12722), Baker s.n. (TRIN 14154); San Fernando, Latour s.n. (TRIN 14085). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Cameroon.

Acalypha diversifolia Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 63, t. 244 (1797) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Disturbed areas

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IUCN: NE. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mason Hall, Broadway 4480 (BM); Trafalgar River, Williams & Cheesman s.n. (K, TRIN 11680). Global range: Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Acalypha grisebachiana (Kuntze) Pax & K.Hoffm., Pflanzenr. 16: 148 (1924) Syn: Ricinocarpus grisebachianus Kuntze Habit : Tree. Habitat: Shady gullies and riverbanks. IUCN: LC. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 23% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Diego Martin, Blue Basin Falls, McLean s.n. (TRIN 7746); Maraval, Purdie 61 (K), Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5815); St. Anns, Crueger s.n. (K); Maracas Bay, Dannouse s.n. (K, TRIN 6753); Maracas, Broadway 6130 (BM, K), Simmonds 102 (TRIN); Caura Road, Broadway 6957 (BM, K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, near 9 m. p., Broadway 5588 (BM, K, OXF); Mt. Aripo, Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 10937), Simmonds 412 (K, TRIN 14449); Caroni, Devenish s.n. (TRIN 2427); Tabaquite, Britton & Freeman 2611 (K, TRIN); San Fernando, Kuntze 237 (K), Kuntze 937 (NY); Morne d’Enfer, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2426); Chatham Woods, Lunt s.n. (TRIN 6060). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad.

Acalypha hispida Burm.f., Fl. Ind. 203 (1768) Exotic.

Acalypha macrostachya Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 63 (1797) Syn: Acalypha macrophylla Kunth ex Poepp. Exotic.

Adelia ricinella L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 1298 (1759) Syn: Adelia macrophylla Urban Habit : Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Spring Garden, Broadway 3491 (BM), Broadway 3573 (BM); Store Bay, Williams & Cheesman s.n. (K, TRIN 11692). Global range: Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Curaçao, Colombia, Venezuela.

Alchornea ilicifolia (Sm.) Müll.Arg., Linnaea 34: 170 (1865) Exotic.

Alchornea triplinervia (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. , in DC., Prodr. 15: 909 (1866) Syn: Alchornea glandulosa sensu Beard ; Alchornea triplinervia (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. var. laevigata Müll.Arg. ; Alchornea triplinervia (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. var. triplinervia ; Antidesma triplinervium Spreng. Common name: Honeywood. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal to montane forest and thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; Trinity Hills. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Central Range; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 25% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 27% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): Tobago: Roxborough-Bloody Bay Rd., Keeler-Wolf 215A (TRIN 33948); TRINIDAD: Biche-Ortoire Road,. Johnson s.n. (TRIN 36356); Morne Derrick, Johnson 685 (TRIN 32508); Iros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8576); Arima, Crueger 283 (TRIN 879); Morne Bleu, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 9602); Arena Reserve, Gill s.n. (TRIN 12622), Brooks s.n. (TRIN 12331). Global range: Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Alchorneopsis floribunda (Benth.) Müll.Arg., Linnaea 34: 156 (1865) Common name: Honeywood. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arena Forest Reserve, Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 1539). Global range: Greater Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Aleurites fordii Hemsl., Ic. Pl. 29: t.2801, 2802 (1906) Exotic.

Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 590 (1805) Exotic.

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Aleurites montana (Lour.) E.H.Wilson, Bull. Imp. Inst. Great Britain 11: 460 (1913) Exotic.

Amanoa guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 256 (1775) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lower montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Rampanalgas-Toco. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Kalloo 1850 (BM, TRIN 31596). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Antidesma montanum var montana Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1124 (1827) Exotic.

Breynia disticha J.R.Forst. & G.Forster, Char. Gen. Pl. (ed. 2) 146 (1775) Exotic.

Caperonia palustris (L.) A.St.-Hil., Pl. Rem. Bres. 245 (1826) Syn: Caperonia castaneifolia Griseb. ; Croton palustris L. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Ditches, swamps and flooded open pastures. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni. RBS Vegetation Classes: Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 23% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Whim, Broadway 3102 (BM); Scarborough, Purseglove P6374 (K, TRIN). TRINIDAD: Belmont, McLean s.n. (TRIN 8601); St. Joseph Stock Farm, Purseglove P6060 (TRIN); St. Augustine, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 9016); Caroni Estate, Crueger s.n. (K); Waller Field, Adams 13604 (K, TRIN); Chaguanas, sine coll. (TRIN 1405); St. Charles Estate, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4184); Nariva Swamp, Williams & Freeman s.n. (K, TRIN 11994); San Fernando, Broadway 6418 (BM); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4452); Oropuche Lagoon, Philcox 7932 (K, P, TRIN); Southern Watershed Reserve, Dales s.n. (TRIN 14003); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7417). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina.

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.Johnst., Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 86 (1923) Exotic.

Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur, Torreya 21: 11 (1921) Syn: Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur var. stimulosu s (Michx.) Govaerts; Jatropha urens L.; Jatropha urens L. var. stimulosa (Michx.) Müll.Arg. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Secondary thicket and along roadside. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: NW Peninsular Corner; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Gomez Bay, Eggers 5524 (K, P); Crown Point, Philcox & Raynal 7924 (K, P, TRIN). TRINIDAD: Chachacare, Baker & Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 14885), Cowan 1112 (TRIN 16035), Philcox & Olivier 7982 (K, P, TRIN 21507), Johnson 747 (TRIN 32525); Carrera Island, Hart s.n. (TRIN 5947); Scotland Bay, Adams 14095 (TRIN); Teteron Bay, Cheesman s.n. (TRIN 13469); Chaguaramas, Broadway 6650 (K); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7205), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8541). Global range: Lesser Antilles ( St. Kitts, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, the Grenadines, Grenada), Mexico, Central America ( Guatemala to Panama), Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 12: 606 (1826) Syn: Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume var. pictum (Lodd.) Müll.Arg. Exotic.

Croton aripoensis Philcox, Kew Bull. 32: 224 (1977) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forest. IUCN: CR. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Brasso Seco. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights, Broadway 9386 (K), Swabey s.n. (TRIN 12995). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad.

Croton choristolepis Urban, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 407 (1919) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Roadsides. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: San Fernando, Finlay s.n (TRIN 2439); Radix Point, Broadway 2642 (TRIN); Penal to Rock Road, 10.5 m.p., Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 12174). Global range: Margarita, Colombia, Venezuela.

Croton corylifolius Lam., Encycl. 2: 205 (1786) Syn: Croton balsamifer Jacq. Common name: Wild Roucou. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Semi-evergreen seasonal forest; dry areas and in association with mud volcanoes. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist

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Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 193 lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Morne Diablo, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12033); Southern Watershed Wildlife Sanctuary, Johnson s.n. (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Venezuela.

Croton gossypiifolius Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 98 (1791) Common name: Bloodwood, Blood Tree, Bois Sang, Candle Tree. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Semi-evergreen seasonal forest, secondary growth in montane areas, dry wooded slopes. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Rio Claro-Mayaro; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 22% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Cambelton, Broadway 4267 (BM, K, P); Roxborough, Sandwith 1759 (K); Roxborough-Bloody Bay Road, Purseglove P6347 (K, TRIN). TRINIDAD: North Coast Road, Simmonds 198 (TRIN), Hulsman & Saunders s.n. (K, TRIN 18869); St. Anns, Broadway s.n. (K, P, TRIN 9700), Broadway s.n (BM); St. Clair, Broadway s.n. (K); Saddle Road, Britton & Hazen 153 (K); Lady Young Road, Purseglove P6408 (TRIN); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5415), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4748); Arima, Eggers 1089 (P); Eastern Main Road to Guanapo Heights, Philcox & Kalloo 7277 (K, P, TRIN); Oropuche Local Roa, Broadway 6671 (BM, K, OXF); Aripo Savanna, Eggers 1024 (P); San Fernando Hill, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2434). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela.

Croton guildingii Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. 38 (1859) Syn: Croton wullschlaegelianus Müll.Arg. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Roadsides. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Kalloo B1106 (TRIN 22741); Monos Island, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2441), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7423). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Colombia.

Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 83 (1817) Syn: Croton conduplicatus Kunth ; Croton rhamnifolius Kunth ; Croton rhamnifolius Kunth var. salviifolius (Kunth) Müll.Arg. ; Croton salviifolius Kunth Common name: Cancanapiray. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Sandy open ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Monos Island, Williams s.n. (TRIN). Global range: Netherlands Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela (Patos), Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia.

Croton hircinus Vent., Jard. Malmaison 1: 50 (1804) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Hillside thickets. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Monos, Broadway 7576 (BM, K), Britton et al. 2730 (K, TRIN); Santa Cruz, McLean s.n. (TRIN 5998); St. Anns, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 2442), Crueger s.n. (K), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 3838); Maracas, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2431), Dannouse s.n. (TRIN); San Juan, Broadway 6386 (BM, K); St. Joseph, Broadway et al. s.n. (TRIN 9351), Purseglove P6121 (K, TRIN); Santa Rita, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 10939); Mt. St. Benedict, Cheesman 226 (TRIN 13514), Philcox 7026 (K, TRIN), Adams 13339 (TRIN); Lopinot Road, Wood & Kalloo 7466 (K, P, TRIN). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia.

Croton hirtus L'Hér., Stirp. Nov. 17 (1785) Syn: Croton glandulosus L. subsp. hirtus (L'Hér.) Croizat ; Croton glandulosus L. var. hirtus (L'Hér.) Müll.Arg. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Weed of savanna margins and roadsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Nariva; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Fort George, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2443); Dry River, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5678); San Juan, Broadway 6378 (BM, K); St. Joseph, Government, Purseglove P6065 (K, TRIN), Philcox & Andrews 7698 (K, TRIN); Tunapuna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7316); Lopinot Road, 2 m. p., Philcox et al. 7474 (K, P, TRIN); Eastern Main Road, Philcox & Kalloo 7294 (K, P, TRIN); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13345 (TRIN); Valencia-Toco Road, Philcox & Andrews 7765 (K, P, TRIN); O’Meara Savanna, Eggers 1146, (P), Adams 13418 (TRIN); Point-a-Pierre, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 1541); Erin Savanna, Richardson 722 (TRIN); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8060); between Bonasse and Green Hill, Philcox et al. 7444 (K, TRIN); Icacos Point, Lockhart s.n. (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina.

Croton lobatus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1005 (1753) Syn: Croton lobatus L. var. genuinus Müll.Arg. ; Croton lobatus L. var. lobatus ; Croton lobatus L. var. seemannii (Klotzsch) Müll.Arg. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Weed of stony ground and bare areas on dry wooded slopes. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal;

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TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 40% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Sandwith 1633 ( K); Crown Point, Purseglove P 6289 ( K, TRIN); Pigeon Point, Clement & Ryves 144 ( BM). TRINIDAD: Belmont, McLean s.n. ( TRIN 393, TRIN 3867); St. Anns, Freeman s.n. ( TRIN 7982); Las Cuevas to Maracas, Philcox et al. 7258 ( K, P, TRIN); Valsayn, Philcox 7224 ( K, P, TRIN); St. Augustine, Cheesman 213 ( TRIN 13433), Baker s.n. ( TRIN 14795), Adams 13437 ( TRIN); Lopinot Road, Philcox et al. 7465 ( K, P, TRIN); between Valencia-Toco Road and Savonette Point, Philcox & Andrews 7767 ( K, TRIN; San Fernando, Broadway 6363 ( BM, K); Woodbrook, Broadway 5164 ( K); Cedros, Finlay s.n. ( TRIN 2436), King s.n. ( TRIN 7197); between Bonasse and Green Hill, Philcox et al. s.n. ( K, P, TRIN); Icacos, Broadway 7832 ( BM). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Croton niveus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32 (1760) Syn: Croton populifolius Mill. ; Croton pseudochina Schltdl. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Low rainfall areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Gasparee; Monos; NW Peninsular corner. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Crueger s.n. ( K, TRIN 877 A), Williams & Cheesman s.n. ( TRIN 11067), Williams s.n. ( K, TRIN 11729), Baker s.n. ( K, TRIN 14689), Baker s.n. ( TRIN 15048), Comeau 1393 ( TRIN 32247); Monos, Finlay s.n. ( TRIN 2435), Broadway s.n. ( TRIN 7422); Gasparee, Britton 474 ( K), Britton s.n. ( TRIN); Carrera Island, Hart s.n. ( TRIN 3893; Point Gourde Islands, McLean s.n. ( TRIN); Staubles to Teteron Bay, Williams s.n. ( TRIN 10980). Global range: Mexico, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Croton trinitatis Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 57 (1900) Syn: Croton miquelianus A.M.Ferguson ex Lanj.; Croton tragioides S.F.Blake Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Monos, Broadway 7575 (BM); St. Augustine, Philcox 7646 (K, P, TRIN), Philcox 7648 (K, P, TRIN); Piarco Savanna, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14859); Arouca to Arima, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2438); Arima, Broadway 7689 (K), Valencia, Broadway et al. s.n. (TRIN 8993), Britton et al. 998 (K, TRIN); Orosco Road, Philcox & Kalloo 7013 (K, TRIN); Pitch Lake, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7944); Point Sable, Adams 13563 (K, TRIN); Erin Savanna, Richardson 723 (TRIN), Purseglove P6469 (K, TRIN); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7235). Global range: Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Dalechampia scandens L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1054 (1753) Common Name: Vine Nettle, Zooti. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forests and thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15045), Johnson 815 (TRIN 32677), Sanders Bay, Johnson 924 (TRIN 32891); Teteron Bay, Broadway 6918 (K), Broadway 6929 (BM); St. Anns, Broadway 9142 (BM); Mt. St. Benedict, Clark s.n. (TRIN 12338); Anglais Point, Morean s.n. (TRIN); Chaguanas, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8904); San Fernando Hill, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2446). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina.

Dalechampia spathulata (Scheidw.) Baill., Etude Euphorb. 487 (1858) Exotic.

Dalechampia tiliifolia Lam., Encycl. 2: 257 (1786) Syn: Dalechampia pruriens Griseb. Common name: Cowitch, Vine Nettle, Zootee. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forests and thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8878), Broadway 9146 (BM); Cascade, Broadway 5145 (BM); Lady Chancellor Road, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9205); Mt. St. Benedict, Clark s.n. (TRIN 12339); Caura River Valley, Britton & Hazen 1207, (K); Lopinot Valley, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14924); Arima, Thorold s.n. (TRIN 13687); Piarco Savanna, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14857); Oropuche, [Crueger s.n.] (TRIN 2444). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Ditaxis argothamnoides (Bertero ex Spreng.) Radcl. -Sm. & Govaerts Kew Bull. 52(2): 479 (1997) Syn: Argythamnia argothamnoides (Bertero ex Spreng.) J.W.Ingram Habit : Tree. Habitat: Dry lowland forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GD RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Monos. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest

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(Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Broadway 7522 (MO). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela.

Ditaxis polygama (Jacq.) Wheeler, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 39 (1939) Syn: Argythamnia polygama (Jacq.) Kuntze ; Croton polygamus Jacq. ; Ditaxis glabella Griseb. ; Ditaxis lancifolia Schltdl. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Driest parts of north-west and south-west Trinidad and some mud volcanoes. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chacachacare; NW Peninsular corner. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Johnson 803 (TRIN 32665); Monos Island, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7424), Britton et al. 2727 (K, TRIN); Staubles to Teteron Bay, Williams s.n. (TRIN 10985); Gasparee Island, Britton & Broadway s.n. (TRIN), Broadway 9425 (K, P); Chaguaramas, Britton & Hazen 818 (K); Point Gourde, Britton & Broadway 2636 (TRIN); Five Islands, Purdie 22, (K); Morne Coco Road, Wilson s.n. (K, TRIN 14251), Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15012); Laventille, Crueger s.n. (K), Broadway 7711 (BM); Port of Spain, Broadway 9257 (BM); Caura Valley, Adams 14689 (TRIN). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela.

Euphorbia cotinifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 453 (1753) Syn: Euphorbia cotinoides Miq. Exotic.

Euphorbia cyathophora Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 7: 81 (1786) Syn: Euphorbia graminifolia Michx. ; Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. ; Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. graminifolia (Michx.) Engelm. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Stony, well drained ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Montgomery, Meyer 9 (K); Louis d’Or, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14963). TRINIDAD: Laventille, Crueger s.n. (K); Lady Chancellor Road, Forsyth s.n. (TRIN 15020); Mt. St. Benedict, Adams 14819 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in South and Central America and the Caribbean.

Euphorbia heterophylla L., Sp. Pl. 1: 453 (1753) Syn: Euphorbia geniculata Ortega ; Euphorbia heterophylla L. var. prunifolia (Jacq.) Griseb. ; Euphorbia prunifolia Jacq. ; Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke ; Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke Common name: Joseph’s Coat. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides and open waste ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mason Hall, Cheesman 283 (TRIN 13523); Scarborough, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14944); Crown Point, Purseglove P6293 (K, TRIN). TRINIDAD: Las Cuevas to Maracas Bay, Philcox et al. 7244 (K, P, TRIN); Maracas Bay, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 6748); Cocorite, Fredholm s.n. (TRIN 9155); Hololo Pass, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5118); St. Clair, Williams s.n. (TRIN 10115); Cascade Valley, Wood 1725 (TRIN); St. Anns, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7981); Santa Cruz Valley, Cheesman 227 (TRIN); St. Joseph, Philcox 7699 (K, P, TRIN); Curepe, Philcox 7225 (K, P, TRIN); St. Augustine, Cheesman 217 (TRIN 13683), Raynal 15573 (K, P); Tabaquite, Druce s.n. (OXF). Global range: Widespread in South and Central America and the Caribbean.

Euphorbia hirta L., Sp. Pl. 1: 454 (1753) Syn: Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp.; Euphorbia pilulifera L. Common name: Male Malomay, Malomay, Milk Head, Milk Weed, Queensland Asthma Plant. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waste places. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 23% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14942); Bacolet, Purseglove P6223 (K, TRIN); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 736 (BM). TRINIDAD: Blanchisseuse, Wong 18b (TRIN); St. Clair, Fredholm s.n. (TRIN 9156); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5865); Laventille, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 873); Curepe, Philcox 7226 (K, P, TRIN); St. Augustine, Cheesman 218 (TRIN); Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5144); Tabaquite, Druce s.n. (OXF); Erin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7363); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7116). Global range: Widespread in the tropics.

Euphorbia hypericifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 454 (1753) Syn: Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14943); Windward Road, Shephed & Holliday s.n. (TRIN 15159); Little Rockley Bay, Philcox 7547 (K); Mt. St. George to Hillsborough Dam Road, 1 m. p., Philcox 7034 (K, TRIN). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10936); Gasparee, Broadway 9428 (K); Gasparillo, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8378); St. Anns, Broadway 5131 (K); Lady Chancellor Road, 2.5 m.p., Wood 1719 (K, TRIN); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5862); Curepe, Philcox 7227 (K, P, TRIN); St. Augustine, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14794); Guanapo Heights Road, 2.5 m.p., Philcox 7813 (K); Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5143); Tabaquite, Broadway s.n. ((TRIN 8737); San Fernando, Broadway 6359 (BM, K); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4453). Global range: Widespread in South and

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Central America and the Caribbean.

Euphorbia hyssopifolia L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 1048 (1759) Syn: Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small; Euphorbia hypericifolia L. var. hyssopifolia (L.) Griseb. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Savanna margins, gravelly waste ground, and under coconuts. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; Chaguanas-Couva; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 31% RBS samples); Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Purseglove P6224 (K, TRIN); Hillsborough Road, 2.5 m.p., Philcox 7036 (K, P, TRIN); Mt. St. George, Clement & Ryves 188 (BM). TRINIDAD: Laventille, Crueger s.n. (K); Curepe, Philcox 7228 (K, P, TRIN); St. Joseph, Simmonds 218 (TRIN); St. Joseph Savanna, Adams 13462 (TRIN); Lopinot Road, Philcox et al. 7464 (K, P, TRIN); O’Meara Savanna, Adams 13417 (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14913), Richardson 679 (K, TRIN); Cumuto, Broadway 5860 (BM, K); Mayaro, Adams 13659 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in South and Central America and the Caribbean.

Euphorbia lactea Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ. 127 (1812) Exotic.

Euphorbia lasiocarpa Klotzsch , Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 414 (1843) Syn: Chamaesyce lasiocarpa (Klotzsch) Arthur ; Euphorbia hypericifolia L. var. lasiocarpa (Klotzsch) Griseb. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Eggers 5477 (K, P), Sandwith 1614 (K); Scarborough, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9157); French Fort, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4415); Friendship Estate, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11040); Barbados Bay, Philcox & Raynal 7874, (K, NY, P, TRIN). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 20: 350, t. 24 (1895) Exotic.

Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 22 (1760) Syn: Chamaesyce buxifolia (Lam.) Small ; Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia (Jacq.) Dugand ; Euphorbia buxifolia Lam. ; Euphorbia buxifolia Lam. var. flexuosa (Kunth) Boiss. ; Euphorbia flexuosa Kunth ; Euphorbia flexuosa Kunth Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Open areas, seashore. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Balandra Bay, Freeman s.n. (TRIN), Philcox et al. 7521 (K, TRIN); Nariva, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2448); Mayaro, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10934); Sena Bay, Philcox 7633 (K, TRIN); Islet a Bateau, Philcox 7634 (K); Balandra Bay, Cheesman 204 (TRIN 13429); Manzanilla Beach, Broadway 5612 (BM, K); Mayaro, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10934); Galeota Point, Carrick 1205 (K). Global range: Venezuela, French Guiana.

Euphorbia milii Des Moul., Bull. Hist. Nat. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 1: 27 (1826) Exotic.

Euphorbia neriifolia L., Sp. Pl. 451 (1753) Common Name: Cactus Hedge, Sehur. Exotic.

Euphorbia oerstediana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. , in DC., Prodr. 15: 59 (1862) Syn: Dichylium oerstedianum (Klotzsch & Garcke) Britton ; Poinsettia oerstediana Klotzsch & Garcke Common name: Fei Pisa, Urine Bush. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady forest margins and pathsides, shady roadside, in cacao plantations. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 11% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Parlatuvier, Broadway 4626 (BM); Great Courland River, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 10935); Mason Hall, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11123); Easterfield Road, Sandwith 1715 (K); Great Dog River Valley, Sandwith 1743 (K); Mt. St. George to Castara, Baker s.n. (TRIN 15341); Roxborough to Bloody Bay Road, Purseglove P6306 (K, TRIN); Hillsborough Dam to Mason Hall Road, 2 m. p., Philcox 7553 (K, P, TRIN); Hillsborough Dam, Clement & Ryves 381 (BM). TRINIDAD: Diego Martin, Cheesman 222 (TRIN), Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15013); Saddle to Piedra Blanca, Adams 13692 (TRIN); St. Joseph, Hosein s.n. (TRIN 14621); Lopinot Valley, Simmonds 190 (TRIN); Las Hermanas, Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 15484); Guanapo Heights Road, 3.25 m.p., Philcox 7820 (K, TRIN); Central Range Forest Reserve, Adams 13380 (TRIN); Penal, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14720); Guayaguayare to Rio Claro, c. 9 m. p., Philcox 7958 (K, P, TRIN); Southern Main Road, Broadway s.n. (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Central America, northern South America.

Euphorbia ophthalmica Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 13 (1807) Syn: Chamaesyce ophthalmica (Pers.) D.G.Burch. ; Euphorbia

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hirta L. var. procumbens (DC.) N.E.Br. ; Euphorbia pilulifera L. var. procumbens Boiss. ; Euphorbia procumbens DC. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Open areas. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 10 (BM). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Fredholm s.n. (TRIN); Brigand Hill, Philcox & Andrews 7744 (K, P, TRIN). Global range: Widespread in South and Central America and the Caribbean.

Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 139 (1789) Syn: Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small Common Name : Lizard Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Eggers 5644 (K, P), Baker s.n. (TRIN 14945); Pigeon Point, Broadway 3063 (BM); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 103 (BM). TRINIDAD: Carrera Island, Fraser s.n. (TRIN 8220); Port of Spain, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2449); St. Augustine, Cheesman s.n. (TRIN 13438), Cruikshank et al. s.n. (TRIN 20339); San Fernando, Broadway 8986 (BM, K). Global range: Widespread in South and Central America and the Caribbean.

Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, Allgem. Gartenz. 2: 27 (1834) Exotic.

Euphorbia serpens Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 52 (1817) Syn: Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Between Lambeau and Scarborough, Philcox & Raynal 7846 (K, P, TRIN); between Studley Park and Goodwood, Clement & Ryves 245 (BM). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare Island, Jermy 11057 (BM), Johnson 898 (BM, TRIN 32766); St. Augustine, Adams 14270 (TRIN); Plum-Manzanilla Road, c. 5.5 m.p., Philcox & Wood 7240 (K, P, TRIN); Brigand Hill, Philcox & Andrews 7743 (K, P, TRIN); Point a Pierre, Cowan 1245 (P, TRIN), Philcox 7931 (K, P, TRIN); Guayaguayare to Rio Claro Road, Philcox 7957 (K, P, TRIN); Guayaguayare, Adams 13631 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Euphorbia thymifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 454 (1753 Syn: Chamaesyce thymifolia (L.) Millsp. Common name: Chickenweed, Female Malomay, Malomay, Milkweed. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Vegetation Classes: Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mason Hall, Sandwith 1862 (K); Hillsborough Road, 2.5 m.p., Philcox 7039 (K, TRIN); Hillsborough River, Philcox & Raynal 7913 (K). TRINIDAD: Blanchisseuse, Wong 54a (TRIN 19372); Curepe, Philcox 7637 (K, TRIN); St. Augustine, Britton 2824 (TRIN 10490), Adams 13518 (TRIN); Toco, Broadway 9301 (BM); Guayaguayare, Adams 13630 (TRIN); Southern Watershed Reserve, Webster et al. 9899 (TRIN 19275); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7117). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Euphorbia tirucalli L., Sp. Pl. 452 (1753) Exotic.

Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 612 (1790) Exotic.

Garcia nutans Vahl ex Rohr, Skr. Naturhist. - Selsk. 2: 217 (1792) Exotic.

Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 34: 204 (1865) Exotic.

Hippomane mancinella L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1191 (1753) Common name: Manchineel, Manzanilla. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen (rare on limestone) and semi-evergreen forests and littoral deciduous seasonal forests, littoral hedge and thickets and occasional in seasonal montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Caroni; San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 8: 80% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Purseglove P6282 (K, TRIN), Clement & Ryves 57 (BM); Rockley Bay, Philcox & Raynal 7849 (K, P, TRIN). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Simmonds s.n. (TRIN 14696), Richardson 887 (K, TRIN 16077), Philcox & Olivier 7981 (K, P, TRIN 21492); opposite Gasparee, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 772); Toco Bay, Philcox et al. s.n. (K); Nariva Swamp, Marshall s.n. (K, TRIN 12358). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador.

Hura crepitans L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1008 (1753) Common name: Box Tree, Sandbox. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Seasonal forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; North

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Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 33% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Highmoor, Broadway 3050 (BM). TRINIDAD: Las Cuevas to Maracas Bay, Philcox et al. 7247 (K, P, TRIN); Port of Spain, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4233); Manzanilla to Plum Road, about 2.5 m.p., Philcox & Wood 7230 (K, P, TRIN); Siparia Point, Philcox 7930 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Jatropha curcas L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1006 (1753) Common Name: Physic Nut, White Physic Nut. Exotic.

Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. elegans (Pohl) Müll.Arg. , in DC., Prodr. 15: 1087 (1866) Syn: Jatropha elegans (Pohl) Klotzsch Common Name : Bellyache Bush, Physic Nut, Red Physic Nut Bush, Wild Cassava. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal; TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Salem-Charleston Trace, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11780); Crown Point, Philcox & Raynal 7923 (K, P, TRIN). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Lunt s.n. (TRIN 6002), Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 12013), Philcox & Olivier 7983 (K, P, TRIN 21438); Chaguanas, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4216). Global range: Widespread in South and Central America and the Caribbean.

Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. gossypiifolia, Sp. Pl. 2: 1006 (1753) Syn: Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. staphysaegrifolia (Mill.) Müll.Arg. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Willams s.n. (K, TRIN 11147); Buccoo Bay, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15329). TRINIDAD: Monos Island, Williams s.n. (TRIN); Port of Spain, Simmonds s.n. (TRIN 15377). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Jatropha integerrima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32 (1760) Syn: Jatropha pandurifolia Andrews Exotic.

Jatropha multifida L., Sp. Pl. 1006 (1753) Common Name: Coral Plant. Exotic.

Jatropha podagrica Hooker, Bot. Mag. 74: t. 4376 (1848) Exotic.

Mabea occidentalis Benth. , Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 364 (1854) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Disturbed areas and cliffs. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Monos, sine coll. (TRIN 831; Chaguaramas, Jermy 10898 (BM); Carenage, Broadway 2738 (K, NY); St. Anns, Crueger 117 (K, TRIN 385), Britton s.n. (TRIN 9140); Lady Chancellor Road, Broadway 9417 (K); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 4476); Mt. St. Benedict, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14079); Tunapuna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 3985); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Mabea taquari Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 870 (1775) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Palm marsh and low-lying thickets and disturbed ground in savanna areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Churchill-Roosevelt Highway, 19.25 m.p., Philcox 7267 (K, P, TRIN); Waller Field, Howard 10331 (BM), Purseglove P6403 (K, TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Crueger s.n. (K, TRIN 385a), Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5104), Philcox 7786 (K, P, TRIN); Cumuto, Broadway 5290 (BM, K), Adams 13758 (TRIN); Sangre Grande , Raynal 15745 (K, P, TRIN). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia.

Manihot carthaganensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. , in DC., Prodr. 15: 1073 (1866) Exotic.

Manihot esculenta Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 167 (1766) Common Name: Cashra, Cssada, Cassava, Coosada, Cooshada, Kamanioc, Manioc, Manioc Cassava. Exotic.

Manihot glaziovii Müll.Arg., Fl. Bras. 11: 446 (1874) Exotic.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 199 Maprounea guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 895 (1775) Common name: Petite Feuille. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests and savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 29% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 9158 (BM, K); Guanapo sine coll. (TRIN 876); Aripo Road, 4– 5 m.p., Broadway 5790 (K); Oropuche Local Road Broadway 6182 (K); Waller Field, Adams 13963 (TRIN); Long Stretch, 23– 24 m.p, Broadway 7287 (BM), 5 m. p., Broadway 7746 (BM); Arena Forest Reserve, Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 15394), Swabey s.n. (K, OXF, TRIN 12900). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Microstachys corniculata (Vahl) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 49 (1859) Syn: Cnemidostachys tragioides Mart. ; Sebastiania corniculata (Vahl) Müll.Arg. ; Sebastiania corniculata (Vahl) Müll.Arg. var. genuina Müll.Arg. ; Sebastiania corniculata (Vahl) Müll.Arg. var. tragioides (Mart.) Pax ; Tragia corniculata Vahl Habit : Herb. Habitat: Sandy roadsides and bushy waste places in savanna and forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal; TRINIDAD: Caroni; Chaguanas-Couva. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Fort George, Crueger s.n. (K, TRIN 388); Maracas Bay, Broadway 6732 (BM); Cocorite, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 3879); St. Anns, Purdie 91 (K); St. Anns Heights, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7979); St. Augustine, Cheesman s.n. (TRIN 13437), Simmonds s.n. (TRIN 19357); Lopinot Road, 2.75 m.p., Philcox et al. 7484 (K, P, TRIN); Guanapo Heights Road, 2 m. p., Philcox & Kalloo 7295 (K, P, TRIN), Adams 13343 (K, TRIN); Aripo Heights Road, 1.5 m.p. Philcox et al. 7384 (K, P, TRIN); Valencia to Toco Road, 27 m. p., Philcox & Andrews 7766 (K, P, TRIN); Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5141); O’Meara Savanna, Adams 13416 (K, TRIN), Adams 13424 (K, TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 678 (K, TRIN); Pitch Lake, Broadway s.n. (BM); Erin Savanna, Richardson 701 (TRIN); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7153); Fullarton and Icacos Point, Philcox et al. 7439 (K, P, TRIN). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Omphalea diandra L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 1264 (1759) Syn: Omphalea megacarpa Hemsl. Common Name : Hunterman’s Nut, Noisette, Zaboca Maron. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Nariva; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 16% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 38% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Whitelands, Williams s.n. (TRIN 13089); Tucuche, Dannouse s.n. (K, TRIN 6431); Windbelt Forest Reserve, Baker & Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 15053); Rio Claro to Mayaro Road, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14297). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Omphalea triandra L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 1264 (1759) Syn: Omphalea trinitatis Pax & K.Hoffm. Exotic.

Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. subsp. tithymaloides, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 390 (1812) Syn: Pedilanthus ierensis Britton Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Thickets and on waste ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal; TRINIDAD: Gasparee. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mt. St. George to Castara Road, Baker s.n. (TRIN 15332). TRINIDAD: Little Gasparee, Britton 2789 (TRIN); Gasparee, Dean s.n. (TRIN 13335), between Toco and Moren Cabrite, Philcox & Kalloo 7023 (K); North Manzanilla, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15079); Penal Rock Road, Britton et al. 1093 (K, NY, TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill., Étude Euphorb. 434 (1858) Syn: Pera arborea sensu Beard ; Peridium glabratum Schott Common name: Arena sardine, Sardine. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal, marsh and lower montane forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo

200 • Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 25% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 38% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 16% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 43% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Santa Cruz, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN); Arima, Eggers 1412 (K); Arena Reserve, Gill s.n. (K, TRIN 13005); Guanapo, McLean s.n. (TRIN); Guanapo, Broadway 5761 (K); Guapo, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8935). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Picrodendron baccatum (L.) Krug & Urban ex Urban, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 308 (1892) Exotic.

Plukenetia verrucosa Sm. , Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6 (1799) Syn: Plukenetia volubilis L. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Siparia, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2466); Chatham, Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7236); Erin Savanna, Baker s.n. (TRIN 13762). Global range: Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Ricinus communis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1007 (1753) Common Name: Palma Christi. Exotic.

Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 227 (1893) Syn: Hippomane glandulosa L.; Sapium aucuparium Jacq. var. hippomane (G.Mey.) Griseb. ; Sapium caribaeum Urban ; Sapium fendleri Hemsl. ; Sapium hemsleyanum Huber ; Sapium hippomane G.Mey. Common name: Bird Lime, Bois Lait, Gum Tree, Milkwood. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-evergreen seasonal forests, on drier ridges. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Biche-Poole; Caroni; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Chaguanas-Couva; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 43% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 56% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 40% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 38% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Louis d‘Or, Broadway 4527, (BM); Flagstaff Hill, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15334); Roxborough to Bloody Bay Road, Purseglove P6326 (K, TRIN). TRINIDAD: St. Josephs, Purseglove P6188 (K, TRIN); North Manzanilla Bay, Baker & Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 15078); Longdenville, Davidse 2610 (MO); Southern Watershed Reserve, Marshall s.n. (TRIN 12408); Moruga, Adams 14151 (TRIN). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay, Argentina.

Tragia volubilis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 980 (1753) Common name: Cowitch, Female Stinging Nettle, Nettle Vine, Stinging Nettle, Twining Cowitch, Zootee. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Pastures, thickets and forest margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN . RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO : E Coast ; NE Coast-Main Ridge F. R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD : Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 17% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 80% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO : near Bacolet, Eggers 5504 ( K), Sandwith 1616 ( K); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 31 ( BM); Canaan to Pigeon Point, 7.5 m.p., Philcox & Raynal 7896 ( K, P, TRIN); Green Hill, Purseglove P6239 ( K, TRIN); Speyside, Tuley s.n. ( TRIN 15264 ). TRINIDAD : Woodbrook, Broadway 6308 ( K); St. Anns , Purdie 95 ( K); St. Clair, Philcox 7688 ( K, TRIN); Lopinot Road, 2 m. p., Philcox et al. 7473 ( K, P, TRIN); San Fernando Hill, Baker & Simmonds s.n. ( K, TRIN 14828 ). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands , Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America , Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam , French Guiana , Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina .