MALPIGHIACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

MALPIGHIACEAE

Banisteriopsis alternifolia (Steyermark) B.Gates, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 30: 142 (1982) Habit: Climber. IUCN: NE. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Williams s.n. (NY, TRIN 10121). Global range: Venezuela.

Banisteriopsis lucida (Rich.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 133 (1910) Syn: Diplopterys marshalliana Riley Habit :

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Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Greenhill, Broadway 4032 (BM, F, G, M, NY, S, U). TRINIDAD: Santa Cruz, sine coll. (TRIN 6615); Arima, Britton et al. 603 (NY); Cumuto Forest, Broadway 6910 (BM, F, MO, S, US); Guanapo Road, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 2358); Caura, Caracciolo s.n. (TRIN 8299); Arena-Blanchisseuse Road, Marshall s.n. (TRIN 11624); Arena Reserve, Riley 94 (BM, K, NY); Guapo, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 6627). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Banisteriopsis martiniana (A. Juss.) Cuatrec., Webbia 13: 498 (1958) Syn: Banisteriopsis leptocarpa (Benth.) R.O.Williams Habit : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Forest margins; palm marsh. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Brasso Seco. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Eggers 1145 (M, P, W), Broadway 7172 (MO, US); Oropuche River, Adams 14308 (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10174, TRIN 10265). Global range: Panama,Colombia,Venezuela,Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Bunchosia glandulifera (Jacq.) Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 154 (1822) Common Name: Chinese plum, Dominica Plum. Exotic.

Bunchosia polystachia (Andrews) DC., Prodr. 1: 581 (1824) Common name: Rosewood, Serrette, Wild Cherry. Exotic.

Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 149 (1822) Common name: Savanna Serrette. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Savannas and dry places; dense thicket on grassy hill savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Piarco-Arima; SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 67% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph, Stopford s.n. (BM), Broadway s.n. (BM); Piarco Savanna, Warming s.n. (BM); O’Meara Savanna, Adams 13404 (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Warming s.n. (BM), Riley 88 (BM); Cumuto, Broadway 7660 (BM), Howard 10504 (BM); Turure to Oropuche, Broadway 8034 (BM); Buenos Aires, Broadway 7723 (BM). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Byrsonima gymnocalycina Juss., Ann. Sc. Nat. (Ser. II) 13: 334 (1840) Syn: Byrsonima ceranthera Benth. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forest. Star: BU. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Crueger 218 (TRIN 667). Global range: Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana.

Byrsonima kariniana W.R.Anderson, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 32: 127 (1981) Syn: Byrsonima trinitensis sensu Williams & Cheesman Habit : Tree. Habitat: Montane forest. IUCN: NE. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Broadway 7608 (NY). Global range: Venezuela.

Byrsonima spicata (Cav.) DC., Prodr. 1: 580 (1824) Syn: Byrsonima coriacea (Sw.) DC. var. spicata (Cav.) Nied. Common name: Rosewood, Serrette. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal, marsh and lower montane forests and occasional on limestone in seasonal montane fores, palm marsh. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 38% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 60% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 24% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 43% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, Broadway 3842, (BM). TRINIDAD: Long Stretch, Broadway 6635 (BM); Arena Reserve, Ayliffe 7 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC., Ann. Mus. Par . 18: 481 (1811) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Savannas, where land is poorly drained. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, White s.n. (TRIN

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32044), Williams s.n. (TRIN 10994), Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 4644), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 9389), Alexander s.n. (TRIN 4645). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia.

Galphimia gracilis Bartl., Linnaea 13: 552 (1839) Exotic.

Heteropterys leona (Cav.) Exell, Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tomé 123 (1944.) Syn: Heteropterys reticulata (Poir.) Nied. ; Malpighia reticulata Poir. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Lowland riparian forest at low altitude, sea coast. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Rampanalgas-Toco. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Point Coco, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8477); Point Fortin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 14005). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Peru, Brazil, West Africa.

Heteropterys macrostachya Juss., Ann. Sc. Nat. (Ser. II) 8: 275 (1840) Syn: Banisteria apiculata (Miq.) C.B.Rob. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Coastal and dry places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 12% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Frenchfield, Eggers 5536 (K); The Widow, Broadway 5895 (K); Mason Hall, Sandwith 1860 (K). TRINIDAD: Arima Valley Road, Cowan & Simmonds 1187 (NY). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Heteropterys nervosa Juss., Fl. Bras. Mer. (A. St.-Hil.) 3: 26 (1833) Syn.: Banisteria nervosa R.O.Williams Habit : Climber. Habitat: Dry hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2367), Richardson 907 (TRIN 16070). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Hiraea fagifolia (DC.) Juss., Ann. Sc. Nat. (Ser. II) 13: 258 (1840) Syn: Hiraea riedleyana Juss. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Hillside forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; SW Erin-Guapo; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 22% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Saddle to Piedra Blanca, Adams 13698 (TRIN); Lopinot Road, Adams 13780 (TRIN); Caroni, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 1773). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Hiraea faginea (Sw.) Nied., Verzeichnis Vorles. Konigl. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 1906 -7: 16 (1906). Syn: Hiraea chrysophylla sensu Griseb. ; Malpighia faginea Sw. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Along rivers. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Laventille, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8087). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Hiraea reclinata Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 21 (1760) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Thickets and woodlands in driest parts, and some mud volcanoes. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 28% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Store Bay, Williams s.n. (BM, TRIN 11170). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Davidse 2564 (MO). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru.

Malpighia coccigera L., Sp. Pl. (ed. 2.) 1: 426 (1762) Syn: Malpighia emarginata DC. ; Malpighia glabra L.; Malpighia punicifolia L. Common Name : Myrtle, Barbados Cherry, Cherry, West Indian Cherry. Exotic.

Mascagnia divaricata (Kunth) Nied., Nat. Pflanzenf. 3: 55 (1890) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Open areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maraval, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 756). Global range: Central

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America, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Mascagnia ovatifolia (Kunth) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 121 (1860) Syn: Hiraea ovatifolia Kunth Habit : Climbing shrub Habitat: Lowland semideciduous forests IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: NW Peninsular corner; Nariva; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chaguaramas, Morean s.n. (TRIN 29030). Global range: Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Mascagnia sepium (A.Juss.) Griseb. subsp. bierosa (Moric. ex Juss.) Griseb., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 3: 7 (1908) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Cliffs. IUCN: LC. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, Broadway 4465 (BM); Easterfield, Clement & Ryves 679 (BM). TRINIDAD: Morne Bleu, Broadway 6869 (TRIN); Blanchisseuse, Broadway 9160 (BM). Global range: Central America.

Mascagnia sinemariensis (Aubl.) Griseb., Fl. Bras. 12: 93 (1858) Syn: Mascagnia simsiana Griseb. ; Mascagnia volubilis (Sims) Nied. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Evergreen, lowland forests. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Frenchfield, Eggers 5618 (K); Bacolet River, Eggers 5714 (K). TRINIDAD: Chatham Woods, Lunt s.n. (TRIN 6045). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Spachea elegans (G.Mey.) Juss. , in Deless., Ic. Sel. 3: 19 (1838) Syn: Malpighia elegans G.Mey. Exotic.

Spachea parviflora A.Juss. var. perforata (A.Juss.) Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 5: 19 (1914) Exotic.

Stigmaphyllon adenodon Juss., Ann. Sc. Nat. (Ser. II) 13: 288 (1840) Syn: Stigmaphyllon grenadense Nied. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Wet areas, at sea level. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: River Bacolet, Eggers 5726 (A, K, M, P, S), Hunnewell 19934 (GH). TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Kalloo B1002 (NY, TRIN); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 113 (TRIN); Guayaguayare, Baker & Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14306); Erin, Broadway 7356 (NY). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru.

Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides (L.) C.E.Anderson, Taxon 41: 328 (1992) Syn: Brachypterys borealis A.Juss.; Brachypterys ovata (Cav.) Small ; Stigmaphyllon ovatum (Cav.) Nied. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Grassy areas and muddy areas near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Broadway 4396 (BM, F, G, GH, M, NY, US); Scarborough, Webster & Miller 9785 (A, MICH, S). TRINIDAD:Woodbrook, Broadway 5831 (BM, F, K, MO, S, US); Point Cumana, Britton & Hazen 804 (NY, US); La Brea, Broadway s.n. (BM); St. Mary’s, Adams 13566 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.,

Stigmaphyllon ciliatum (Lam.) Juss., Fl. Bras. Mer. (A. St.-Hil.) 3: 49 (1833) Syn: Banisteria ciliata Lam. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Coastal lowlands. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Manzanilla, Finlay 195 (P), Britton & Britton 2171 (NY); Erin beach, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14207); Irois to Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7267). Global range: Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay.

Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium (Cav.) Juss., Ann. Sc. Nat. (Ser. II) 13: 289 (1840) Syn: Banisteria convolvulifolia Cav. ; Stigmaphyllon dichotomum (L.) Griseb.; Stigmaphyllon humboldtianum (DC.) Juss. ;

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Stigmaphyllon tiliifolium Nied. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Dry places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; Princes Town; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas, Broadway 8052 (A, BM, MO, S); Salybia Bay, Dean s.n. (TRIN 13322); Point Fortin, Davidse 2578 (F, GH, MO, NY). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Stigmaphyllon finlayanum A.Juss., Arch. Mus . Hist. Nat. Paris 3: 375 (1843) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Roadsides. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; North Central Coast; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 8% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 19% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14694); Morne Coco Road, Kalloo B332 (TRIN); Fort George, Kuntze 906 (NY); Carenage, Britton & Broadway 2624 (NY, US); St. Ann, Chase 90163 (MICH); Manzanilla-Mayaro Road, Ramcharan 255 (TRIN); San Fernando, Broadway 2166 (F, M); Los Iros Bay, Adams 14311 (NY, TRIN). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Venezuela.

Stigmaphyllon puberum (Rich.) Juss., Ann. Sc. Nat. (Ser. II) 8: 289 (1840) Syn: Banisteria pubera Rich. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Lowland forests near water. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Broadway 4086. TRINIDAD: Moruga, Broadway s.n. (NY, TRIN 7618), Broadway 9091 (BM, K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Tetrapterys discolor (G.Mey.) DC., Prod. 1: 587 (1824) Syn: Triopterys discolor G.Mey. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Thickets and forest borders in wet or moist districts. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; SW Erin-Guapo; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 15% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Greenhill, Broadway 4035 (BM); Easterfield, Broadway 4632 (BM); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1841 (K). TRINIDAD: Belmont, Valley Road, Broadway 7605 (BM); Saddle to Piedra Blanca, Adams 13684 (TRIN); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Adams 14166 (TRIN); L’Orange Road, Broadway 5492 (BM); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9792); Aripo Road, Broadway 6042 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.