Balanophyllia caulifera ( Conrad, 1847 )

Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C., 2008, Dendrophylliina, Caryophylliina, Fungiina, Microsolenina, and Stylinina, Zootaxa 1952, pp. 1-244 : 43-44

Balanophyllia caulifera ( Conrad, 1847)

Pl. 3, figs 4–5b

*1847 Turbinolia caulifera: Conrad , p. 296.

v1900 Balanophyllia caulifera (Conrad) : Vaughan, p. 176, pl. 20, figs 15–18 (older synonyms cited therein)(topotypes studied).

v1900 Balanophyllia caulifera var. multigranosa var. nov.: Vaughan, p. 177, pl. 20, figs 19–20.

parsv1935 Balanophyllia ponderosa var. texana new variety: Vaughan & Popenoe, p. 341, pl. 4, fig. 11, non figs 6–10.

v1936 Eupsammia narindensis (nov. sp.): Alloiteau, p. 14, pl. 6, figs 24–27.

v1938 Balanophyllia schlosseri: Traub , p. 37, pl. 1, figs 4a–c, text-fig. 1.

1941a Balanophyllia pinraensis , n. sp.: Wells, p. 16 (316), pl. 2, figs 6–6a.

v1951 b Eupsammia narindensis All. : Alloiteau, p. 82, pl. 13, fig. 9.

v1951b Eupsammia narindensis All. var. elongata nov. var. (Alloiteau): Alloiteau, p. 82, pl. 13, figs 10–11.

?1951b Eupsammia Collignoni nov. sp.: Alloiteau, p. 83, pl. 13, figs 12–14.

1955 Eupsammia pozaryskii n. sp.: Rozkowska, p. 257, pl. 1, fig. 7, text-figs 11–14.

v1958 Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis nov. sp.: Alloiteau, p. 204, pl. 37, figs 14, 16–18.

v1967 Balanophyllia schlosseri Traub : Kühn & Traub, p. 16, pl. 1, figs 7–10.

1974 Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) santaelenensis n. sp.: Frost & Langenheim, p. 308, pl. 120, figs 1–3, pl. 121, figs 1–7.

1974 Balanophyllia schlosseri Traub, 1938 : Kuzmicheva, p. 65, pl. 10, figs 4a–b.

1984 Balanophyllia aff. B. (Eupsammia) varians Stol : Pal, et al., p. 57.

1984 Balanophyllia (E) ladakhensis sp. nov.: Pal, et al., p. 57, pl. 1, figs 1–2.

1987 Balanophyllia schlosseri Traub, 1938 : Kuzmicheva, p. 147, pl. 25, figs 10a–b.

nonv1996 Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis Alloiteau, 1958 : Baron-Szabo & Steuber, p. 20, pl. 10, fig. 1, 3.

2000 Eupsammia collignoni, Alloiteau 1951 : Löser, p. 35.

2000 Eupsammia ladakhensis, Pal , et al 1984: Löser, p. 35.

2000 Eupsammia narindensis, Alloiteau 1936 : Löser, p. 35.

2000 Eupsammia narindensis var. elongata, Alloiteau 1936 : Löser, p. 35.

2000 Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis, Alloiteau 1958 : Löser, p. 58.

2001 Balanophyllia (B.) schlosseri Traub, 1938 : Cairns, p. 15.

2001 Balanophyllia (B.) santaelensis Frost, 1975 : Cairns, p. 15.

2001 Balanophyllia (E.) caulifera ( Conrad, 1847) : Cairns, p. 18.

2001 Balanophyllia (E.) ponderosa var. texana Vaughan and Popenoe, 1935 : Cairns, p. 18.

Dimensions. d (min)=5.3– 24 mm; d (max)=7.5– 34 mm; d (min)/d (max)=0.63–0.9; s=48–96; h=8.5– 50 mm.

Description. Trochoid to subceratoid, nearly circular to elliptical in outline; septa arranged in 5 cycles in 6 systems, complete in late adult stages; S1 and S2 equal or nearly equal; synapticulae abundant peripherally.

Remarks. The forms given in the synonymy list above are interpreted to represent various ontogenetical stages of the same species according to which 48 septa arranged in 4 complete cycles are generally present in a corallite diameter of 5 to 8 mm, septa of the beginning fifth cycle occur in a corallite diameter of 9 mm and larger. In corallites having reached a diameter of around 25 mm, septa arranged in 5 complete cycles are present. In juvenile ontogenetical stages the corallite shape is nearly circular (ratio of minimum diameter/ maximum diameter is generally around 0.8–0.9) and becomes more oval in later stages of ontogeny.

Type locality of species. Lower Oligocene of the USA (Vicksburgian) .

Distribution. Campanian-Maastrichtian of India (Ladakh), Upper Maastrichtian of Madagascar, Upper Maastrichtian-Lower Danian of Ukraine, Paleocene of the USA (Texas), Middle Paleocene of Austria (Kroisbach, Grabung Kch 7), Upper Danian of Poland, Middle Eocene of Peru (Negritos), Middle-Upper Eocene of Mexico (San Juan Formation and Ixtaclum shale), Lower Oligocene of the USA.