Trichotichnus (s. str.) miwai, Jedlicka, 1949

Kataev, Boris M., Hongbin, Liang & Wrase, David W., 2022, New data on carabid beetles of Trichotichnus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Yunnan (China) and adjacent areas, with description of six new species and two new subspecies, Zootaxa 5159 (3), pp. 301-353 : 343-346

Trichotichnus (s. str.) miwai continentalis ssp. n.

( Figs. 107 , 114–121 )

Type material. Holotype. Male , “ CHINA, Yunnan Province, Gaoligong Shan, Nujiang Prefecture, Gongshan County, Gongshan, 1500 m,”, “N27.74064° / E98.66557°, 28 June 2000, Stop#00-14, D.H. Kavanaugh & Liang H.-B. collectors”, “CASENT 1001224” ( IOZ).

Paratypes. China. SICHUAN: 1 male, W Ningnan , 3.15 km WNW Maojia Heba, 27°02′34′′N 102°35′52′′E, 2145 m, 28.VI.2018, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. [6_02nt] (cB&K) . YUNNAN: 1 male, same data as holotype but 27.74518°N / 98.66483°E, Stop #00-13, “CASENT 1001191” ( CAS) ; 1 female, Gongshan Co., Cikai Township, 0.35 km N of Gongshan, along Pula He , 1350 m, 27.74843°N 98.66498°E, 7.X.2002, stop#DHK-2002-0.24 A, D.H. Kavanaugh, P.E. Marek leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Gongshan Co., Cikai town , along street, 27°44'58"N 98°39'52"E, 1515 m, 5.X.2002, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Gongshan Co., Bingzhongluo township, Shimengguan (“ Stone Gate ”), 1570 m, 27.97514°N 98.65502°E, 9.X.2002, Stop #DHK-2002-045, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, Gongshan, Bingzhongluo, Shuangla He , beach, 27.96817°N 98.66187°E, 1520 m, 22.X.2004, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, Kunming City, Guandu District, Heilongtan , Kunming Institute of Botany , Botanical garden, 1945 m, 25.14035°N 102.74107°E, 16–17.IX.2002, Stop #DHK-2002-018, D.H. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, 1 female, Wuliangshan Mt. Range , 24°45'02"N 100°30'24"E, 2270 m, 12.VI.2011, I. Belousov, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg. (cB&K, ZIN) .

Vietnam. CAO BANG: 5 males, 3 females, N Vietnam, 40 km W of Cao Bang, Phia Oac Mt. , h ~ 1650–1700 m, deciduous forest, 3–11.X.2018, D. Fedorenko leg. ( SIEE, ZIN, cWR) .

Description (6 males and 2 females measured). Body length 8.0– 9.4 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 107 .

Body dark brown to black, shiny, iridescent on elytra; labrum, base of mandibles, in many specimens also clypeus (wholly or along anterior margin) and narrow lateral margins of pronotum reddish brown. Palpi, antennae, tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow or light brown; femora infuscate, dark brown to blackish brown.

Head moderately sized (HWmax/PWmax 0.72–0.78, HWmin/PWmax 0.56–0.58). Eyes large and convex (HWmax/HWmin 1.28–1.33), in lateral view wide oval. Genae very narrow, narrower than antennomere 2 basally; occasionally eyes touching buccal incisure. Tempora comparatively short, oblique. Fronto-clypeal suture slightly impressed, almost straight. Fronto-ocular furrows reaching supraorbital furrows, deepened at clypeus and superficial at eyes. Supraorbital furrows narrow, touching upper margin of eye. Supraorbital setigerous pores small, situated slightly before level of posterior margin of eye and removed from supraorbital furrows by distance approximately equal to width of antennomere 2 apically; in many specimens one or two very small unsetigerous punctures present medially of each supraorbital seta. Labrum very shallowly concave anteriorly. Clypeus slightly convex, very shallowly emarginate along anterior margin, with a pair of setigerous pores each located at anterior angle. Mentum separated from submentum, with wide and short median tooth; epilobes markedly widened apically; submentum with one pair of long setae. Ligular sclerite widened apically, truncate at apex, with one pair of ventroapical setae. Paraglossae very narrow, about as long as ligular sclerite and separated from it by wide notches. Labial penultimate palpomere about as long as ultimate palpomere. Left mandible sharply bent approximately in the apical quarter, blunted or obliquely truncate at tip. Dorsal microsculpture very obliterated, consisting of indistinct, more or less isodiametric meshes. Antennae slender and long, surpassing pronotal basal edge in male by four, in female by three and a half apical antennomeres, with antennomeres 4–8 about three times as long as wide. Basal antennomere slightly longer than antennomere 3.

Pronotum transverse (PWmax/PL 1.40–1.46), widest slightly before the middle (PWmax/PWmin 1.21–1.32), more strongly narrowed apically than basally, with one lateral seta slightly removed from lateral edge to internal margin of lateral depression and inserted slightly before widest point of pronotum. Sides rounded along apical two thirds; in basal third straightly or rounded converging, occasionally very shallowly sinuate; lateral bead narrow. Apical margin shallowly emarginate, very narrowly bordered along entire length or border interrupted at the middle. Apical angles narrowly rounded, slightly protruding ahead. Basal margin more or less straight, distinctly bordered along entire length, slightly longer than apical margin and markedly shorter than base of elytra between humeral angles. Basal angles obtusangular, with a very small obtuse denticle at tip. Pronotal disc medially moderately convex. Lateral depression beginning from apical angles, narrow in apical third, rather strongly widened in the basal two third and fused with the wide and deep laterobasal depressions; basal foveae located at internal margins of laterobasal depressions, elongate, occasionally indistinct; basal area medially convex but slightly depressed as compared with disc. Median line distinct, slightly impressed. Anterior transverse depression wide and deepened. Surface densely punctate in a wide area along margins, with coarsest punctures in laterobasal depressions; central portion of disc impunctate or with very fine and sparse punctures. Microsculpture highly obliterated, consisting of indistinct transverse meshes.

Elytra convex, elongate oval (EL/EW 1.54–1.63, EL/PL 3.08–3.16, EW/PWmax 1.33–1.41), widest in the apical third; sides almost rectilinearly diverging at the middle. Humeri rounded, humeral denticle absent or indistinct, at most poorly recognizable in caudal view. Subapical sinuation shallow. Sutural angle acutangular, blunted or very narrowly rounded at tip. Basal edge slightly arched or almost straight; internal humeral angle rounded. Striae impunctate, reaching anteriorly basal edge, impressed along entire length (slightly more deeply apically). Intervals almost flat or faintly convex on disc, markedly narrowed and moderately convex apically. Parascutellar (abbreviate) striole long, with a small setigerous pore basally. Interval 3 with one small setigerous pore adjacent to stria 2 behind the middle. Marginal umbilicate series without distinct gap at middle. Microsculpture strongly obliterated, consisting of indistinct transverse lines recognizable mostly on lateral intervals.

Wings well developed.

Prosternum with very fine short setae. Proepisternum finely punctate. Metepisternum about 1.40–1.60 times as long as wide, strongly narrowed posteriorly.

Legs relatively long. Metacoxae without additional setae. Metafemur ventrally with two setae at posterior margin and without setae at anterior margin (with 1–3 short setae just on anterior margin preapically). Protibia on dorsal side without longitudinal sulcus, on outer margin preapically with one stouter and two very thin spines in male and with three comparatively stout, similar sized spines in female. Tarsi dorsally glabrous; pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–4, particularly in male, with dense long ventro-lateral setae (as in Fig. 20 ); tarsomere 5 with four or three pairs of ventro-lateral setae. Metatarsus slender, about as long as (occasionally slightly shorter or longer than) HWmax, with tarsomeres somewhat weakly widened distally; metatarsomere 1 slightly shorter than metatarsomeres 2 and 3 combined; metatarsomeres 1–4 rather densely setose ventrally. In male, pro- and mesotarsomeres 2–4 moderately widened and with adhesive scales ventrally, mesotarsomere 1 weakly widened and only with a pair of scales ventrally; pro- and mesotarsomeres 2 and 3 longer than wide. In both sexes, mesotarsomere 1 elongate, slightly shorter than mesotarsomeres 2 and 3 combined.

Abdominal sternites without additional long setae; apex of last visible abdominal sternite (VII) in male widely rounded or subtruncate, with one pair of marginal setae, in female more narrowly rounded and with two pairs of marginal setae.

Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs. 114–118 ) comparatively slender, in lateral view arcuate on dorsal side and with almost straight ventral margin in its medial portion; in dorsal view with mostly equal width basally and preapically; ventral side edged laterally in apical part and depressed between margins; terminal lamella (114, 117) about as wide as long, evenly narrowed posteriorly, slightly concave on dorsal side and narrowly rounded at apex; in lateral view thin, angularly bent ventrally just at apex. Apical orifice in dorsal position, wide apically. Internal sac with a medium-sized elongate spine on the left side behind the middle.

Female genitalia ( Figs. 119 & 120 ): gonocoxite narrow in ventral view, about 0.6 as long as gonosubcoxite, with rather wide base.

Etymology. The subspecific name is a Latin adjective, referring to the continental distribution of the new subspecies.

Comparison. Trichotichnus miwai continentalis ssp. n. differs from the nominotypical subspecies in having elytra without distinct humeral denticle, femora constantly infuscate, and median lobe of aedeagus with terminal lamella less strongly narrowed apically and with larger spine in internal sac ( Figs. 109–113 and 114–118 ). Among the Chinese species occurring in Yunnan, this taxon is most similar to T. kavanaughi sp. n. described below.

Distribution ( Fig. 121 ). The new subspecies is known from China (Yunnan and southern Sichuan) and North Vietnam where it lives at altitudes of about 1350–2270 m. The nominative subspecies occurs in Taiwan.

Remarks. Trichotichnus miwai Jedlička, 1949 was described from two specimens from Taiwan (“Formose: Arisan”). The brief original description ( Jedlička 1949) was later supplemented by Habu (1980) who examined three males from Liu Gui-Xiang (Taiwan) and described the aedeagus and some external distinctive features of this species as compared to T. vespertinus from Japan. We examined two specimens from Taiwan: 1 male, Hualien, Huojanting, 12.IX.2007, Y.-F. Hsu leg. (cMRR), and 1 male, Nantou, Songgang, light, sweeping, 20.VI.2009, Y.-T. Wang leg. (cMRR), both of which agree well with the original and Habu’s (1980) descriptions. Their proportions, respectively: HWmax/PWmax 0.75 and 0.74; HWmin/PWmax 0.58 and 0.57; HWmax/HWmin 1.29 and 1.30; PWmax/PL 1.47 and 1.43; PWmax/PWmin 1.31 and 1.22; EL/EW 1.57 and 1.60; EL/PL 3.15 and 3.06; EW/PWmax 1.36–1.34; body length 9.0 and 9.1 mm. In both specimens, the dorsum is dark brown, almost black; the appendages are brownish yellow, with the femora not infuscate in the male from Hualien and infuscate (blackish brown) in the male from Nantou (legs “testacé-rougeâtre” according to the original description). The aedeagi of these specimens are illustrated in Figs. 109–113 . Since the available descriptions of T. miwai are rather brief, we describe the new subspecies in more detail. Most of the included characteristics are common for both subspecies.

Figures

FIGURE 121. Trichotichnus miwai continentalis ssp. n., distribution.

FIGURES 107–108. Trichotichnus ssp., habitus. 107, T. miwai continentalis ssp. n. (Wuliangshan); 108, T. kavanaughi sp. n. (Kongdang). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 109–120. Trichotichnus miwai Jedlička, 1949: 109–113, nominotypical subspecies (109 & 110, Nantou; 111 & 113, Hualien); 114–120, T. miwai continentalis ssp. n. (114–116, holotype; 117 & 118, Phia Oac, Vietnam; 119 & 120, Kunming). 109, 111, 114 & 117, terminal lamella of aedeagus; 110, 112, 113, 115, 116 & 118, median lobe of aedeagus; 119, gonocoxite; 120, laterotergite, gonosubcoxite, and gonocoxite. Dorsal (109, 111, 113, 114, 116 & 117), lateral (110, 112, 115, 118 & 119) and ventral (120) views. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm (109, 111, 114, 117, 119 & 120), B = 1.0 mm (110, 112, 113, 115, 116 & 118).

FIGURES 18–22. Trichotichnus spp. (18–20, right male protarsus; 21 & 22, left metepisternum). 18, T. fukuharai Habu, 1957; 19 & 21, T. angustitarsis sp. n.; 20, T. hamulipenis sp. n.; 22, T. subrobustus sp. n. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.