Symplocos costaricana Hemsley (1881: 301)

Kelly, Lawrence M., Almeda, Frank & Fritsch, Peter W., 2016, A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae), Phytotaxa 264 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

9. Symplocos costaricana Hemsley (1881: 301) . Lectotype (designated here):— COSTA RICA. Without precise locality, A. R. Endres 148 (lectotype BM-895909-n.v., digital image!)

= Symplocos molinae Williams (1967: 266) . Type:— HONDURAS. Morazán: on slopes of Mt. Uyuca , 1160 m, [14°01′29″N, 87°04′24″W], 7 August 1946, L. O. Williams & A. Molina 10249 (holotype F!, isotypes EAP-n.v., online image!, GH!, LL- n.v., online image!, MEXU-4!, MO!, US!) .

= Symplocos blepharodes Lundell (1970: 152) . Type:— GUATEMALA: Izabal: Puerto Mendez, in zapotal on top of hill, [15°53′35″N, 89°13′46″W], 7 September 1969, E. Contreras 9092 (holotype LL-n.v., online image!, isotypes CAS!, C, F!, LL!, MO!, S-2!, TEX!, US!) .

Shrubs or trees 2–10 m tall; juvenile branchlets glabrous or sparsely sericeous, trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm long, white; vegetative buds glabrous or sparsely to densely sericeous. Petioles 5–10 mm long; leaf blades usually bicolorous, elliptic to obovate, 5–9 × 2–3(–3.5) cm, coriaceous, abaxially glabrous or sparsely sericeous, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins not adaxially impressed, base acute, margins entire or occasionally subcrenate distally, with deciduous marginal glands, plane or occasionally slightly revolute, apex shortly blunt-acuminate to obtuse. Inflorescences racemes 1.3–1.9(–2.9) cm long, 4–9-flowered; peduncle 1–3 mm long; rachis 0.8–1(–2) cm, sparsely to moderately sericeous, trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm long; bracts persistent, rounded or ovate to oblong, 1.5–2 × 1–2 mm, sparsely to moderately sericeous, margins ciliate; bracteoles persistent, 2–5, rounded or ovate to oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.75–1.5, sparsely to moderately sericeous, margins ciliate; pedicels usually absent or to 3 mm long. Hypanthium glabrous. Calyx lobes 5, broadly rounded, 1–1.5 × 1–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely sericeous, margins ciliate. Corolla white or pink to purplish, 5-lobed, 5–9 mm long; tube 3–4 mm long; lobes adnate to filament tube for 3–4 mm, ± oblong, glabrous. Stamens 3-seriate; filament tube 5–6 mm long; distinct portions of filaments 1–2 × 0.25–0.5 mm. Disk sericeous; style 7–8 mm long, glabrous; stigma conspicuously and irregularly lobed. Fruits green maturing to dark bluish purple, ellipsoid to obconic, 8–10 × 4–5 mm, glabrescent, apex with pronounced to obscure fleshy lobes, the calyx lobes not evident; calyx and disk enveloped by fleshy fruit apex, disk ± flat; 3- locular in cross section, perimeter rounded.

Vernacular name —Coral (Skutch 4884 [F, NY, US]).

Illustrations — Figure 12 ; D’Arcy (1976: 550, figs. 1A, B; misidentified as Symplocos chiriquensis Pittier [1916: 168] ).

Photographic image — Figure 1e .

Phenology —Flowering February through October, and December; fruiting August through April, and June.

Distribution and habitat — Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Panama, in Quercus forest, Pinus - Liquidambar forest, tropical rain forest, and cloud forest at 650–1800 m elev. Figure 13 .

Conservation status —S ymplocos costaricana , collected repeatedly over many decades, is known to us from five countries ( Guatemala through Panama) and over 80 collections. Based on these data, we assign a classification of Least Concern (LC) to this species.

Discussion — Symplocos costaricana is recognized by the combination of entire-margined leaves; glabrous sepals, petals, and styles; and small glabrous fruits. This species is likely a close relative of S. jurgensenii and S. naniflora , both of which have small glabrous fruits, but is easily distinguished from these by its entire leaf margins. Populations of S. costaricana from Panama and Costa Rica are morphologically indistinguishable from specimens collected in Guatemala ( S. blepharodes ), Honduras, and El Salvador ( S. molinae ).

In the protologue of Symplocos costaricana, Hemsley cited a single collection, Endress 148, at K. The K holotype has been lost, and is preserved only as photographs at K and NY. We located a single duplicate of Endress 148 at BM (seen by us as a digital image), and therefore we designate this specimen as the lectotype.

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Additional specimens examined — GUATEMALA. Izabal: Puerto Mendez , on top of hill, [15°53′35″N, 89°13′46″W], 7 September 1969, Contreras 9089 (DS!, LL!, US!, S!, TEX!) ; Puerto Mendez, in Zapotal on top of hill in front of Military Camp , [15°53′35″N, 89°13′46″W], 5 October 1969, Contreras 9259 (LL!, S!); Puerto Mendez, on top of rocky hill, 12 September 1970, Contreras 10260 (F!, LL!, S!); Puerto Mendez, in Zapotal on top of hill, 12 September 1970, Contreras 10261 ( LL!); Puerto Mendez, in Zapotal on top of hill, 12 September 1970, Contreras 10262 (LL!, S!) .

HONDURAS. Comayagua: 15 km W of Siguatepeque, 1100 m, [14°35′13″N, 87°52′28″W], 15 May 1974, Hazlett 2070 (MO!, US!). Choluteca: entre Tolubre y Los Achiotes, Montaña Tapahuasca, 1000 m, 18 June 1964, Molina R. 14196 (F!, NY!). El Paraíso: 31 km S of El Zamorano on rd to Mandaste, 1360 m, [13°51′17″N, 86°17′51″W], 3 July 1970, Davidse & Pohl 2256 (MEXU!, MO!, US!); entre Manzaragua y San Lucas, 1500 m, [13°46′44″N, 86°58′25″W], 4 July 1962, Molina R. 10759 (F!, NY!, US!); entre Galeras y Las Casitas, 1600 m, [13°55′42″N, 86°58′53″W], 4 July 1962, Molina R. 10766 (F!, NY!, US!); between Manzaragua and San Lucas, 1350 m, [13°46′44″N, 86°58′25″W], 22 September 1968, Molina R. & Molina 22693 (DS!, F!, NY!, S!); Manzaragua rd SW of Güinope, 1400 m, [13°51′44″N, 86°56′55″W], 2 June 1951, Standley 28501 (F!); Las Casitas, 1400–1500 m, [13°54′47″N, 86°59′07″W], 25 October 1951, Standley 29023 (F!, GH!); Cerro El Zapotillo, rd between Zamorano and Guinope, 4450 ft, [13°55′N, 86°57′W], 4 July 1962, Webster et al. 11979 (F!, GH!, MO!, S!, US!); 2 mi W of Guinope, 1400 m, [13°53′31″N, 86°57′46″W], 16 August 1946, Williams & Molina R. 10308 (F!, GH!, MEXU!); vicinity of Manzaragua, 1400 m, [13°49′N, 86°58′W], 4 April 1948, Williams & Molina R. 14002 (F!, MO!); near Guinope, 14°N, 87°W, 1400 m, [13°52′50″N, 86°56′04″W], 26 August 1951, Williams 18252 (DS!, F!, GH!, US!); near Manzaragua, 1400 m, [13°48′46″N, 86°58′46″W], 7 February 1956, Williams & Molina R. 19027 (F!). Intibucá: Mpio. Yamaranguila, 15 mi WNW of La Esperanza along the rd between La Esperanza and Gracias, along Río Toco, 1720 m, 14°20′42″N, 88°19′42″W, 22 June 1994, Davidse et

A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF SYMPLOCOS

Phytotaxa 264 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 43 al. 35255 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!). Morazán: Drainage of the Río Yeguare, colinas cantanosas de la Mt. Uyuca, entre Aldea Las Flores y empalme Tatumbla, 1500 m, 14°N, 87°W, [14°01′N, 87°04′W], 28 October 1948, Molina R. 1346 (F!, GH!, MO!); drainage of the Río Yeguare, colinas semi-humedas, entre Las Flores y San del Rancho, ca. 14°N, 87°W, 1500 m, 9 November 1948, Molina R. 1488 (F!); lower slopes of Cerro de Uyuca, 1530–1600 m, [14°01′N, 87°05′W], 22 February 1947, Standley & Molina R. 4145 (F!, US!); Campamento de Las Flores, lower slopes of Cerro de Uyuca, 1500 m, 28 October 1948, Standley 13737 (F!, GH!); San Juan del Rancho, N of Cerro de Uyuca, 1500 m, [14°05′N, 87°09′W], November–December 1948, Standley 14356 (F!); Las Flores, slopes of Cerro de Uyuca, 1560 m, 25 July 1949, Standley 21687 (F!); Las Flores, slopes of Cerro de Uyuca, 1560 m, [14°01′N, 87°05′W], 25 July 1949, Standley 21698 (F!); region of El Quebracho, lower slopes of Cerro de Uyuca, 1450–1500 m, [14°01′N, 87°05′W], 28 July 1949, Standley 21816 (F!); San Juan del Rancho, E base of Cerro de Uyuca, 1500 m, 20 September 1949, Standley 23830 (F!, US!); faldas del Uyuca, 1000 m, [14°01′N, 87°05′W], 13 October 1944, Valerio R. 2133 (F!); San Antonio de Oriente, 850 m, [14°02′44″N, 87°00′02″W], 22 July 1945, Valerio R. 3129 (F!); Mt. Uyuca, 1530 m, [14°01′31″N, 87°04′31″W], 22 February 1947, Williams & Molina 11927 (F!, GH!, MO!); Hoya Grande, 1400 m, [14°02′20″N, 87°04′10″W], 23 March 1947, Williams & Molina 12241 (F!, GH); Hoya Grande, 1400 m, 23 March 1947, Williams & Molina 12246 (F!, MEXU!); Hoya Grande, 1400 m, 19 August 1947, Williams & Molina 13297 (F!, GH!).

EL SALVADOR. Morazán: Arambala, A. P. Río Sapo, sendero secreto de la naturaleza, 690 m, 13°55′N, 88°06′W, 30 April 2003, Carballo 709 ( MO!); 0.4 m W of western boundary, finca of General J. T. Calderón, Montes de Cacaguatique , 1380 m, [13°46′N, 88°13′W], 10 January 1942, Tucker 760 (NY!, US!).

COSTA RICA. Alajuela: La Palma y El Socorro de San Ramón , [10°08′N, 84°36′W], 24 July 1928, Brenes 6231 (F!, NY!) ; en el límite de la Reserve Forestal de Grecia, 1800 m, 10°08′00″N, 84°14′00″W, 28 March 1988, Jiménez et al. 569 (F!); 14 km NW of San Ramón , 1020 m, [10°09′26″N, 84°37′16″W], 18 June 1972, Lent 2608 (CR!, F!, NY!) . Cartago: rd toward Las Cóncavas , S of Cartago, 8 August 1940, Chrysler 5457 (F!) ; Cóncavas , 1300 m, [09°50′N, 83°53′W], 20 October 1969, Lankester L-30 (F!) ; camino a Navarro , [09°48′N, 83°53′W], 1550 m, 22 July 1951, León 3673 ( CR!) ; Interamericana Sur ca. 10 km antes del Empalme , [09°46′41″N, 83°50′24″W], 27 August 1983, Poveda A. et al. 3653 (F!) ; Cantón de El Guarco, Cuenca del Reventazón, Carretera Interamericana , Ruta al Cerro de la Muerte, Km 26–27, 1750 m, 09°49′15″N, 83°57′20″W, 23 April 1997, Rodríguez 2116 (F!, MO!) ; Cantón de El Guarco, Cuenca del Reventazón, San Isidro , ruta hacia el Cerro de la Muerte, 1600 m, 09°48′40″N, 83°57′30″W, 3 November 1998, Rodríguez 4091 ( MO!) ; Navarrito , 4500 ft, [09°48′N, 83°54′W], 20 June 1932, Stork 2963 (F!, MO!) ; 0.25 mi N Santa María Dota , 2800 ft, [09°39′36″N, 83°58′12″W], 8 July 1932, Stork 3160 (F!) ; Cartago, ca. 13.4 km S of San Isidro de Tejar, ca. 14 km S of intersection of the Carretera Interamericana and the Cartago – San José Hwy at Km 29, [09°46′55″N, 83°59′31″W], 21 July 1980, Wilbur 29402 (CAS!, DUKE!, NY!) . Guanacaste: P. N. Guanacaste, Estación Cacao, Liberia , 1100 m, 10°55′45″N, 85°28′15″W, 27 October 1990, Chávez 249 ( MO!) ; P. N. Guanacaste, Estación Cacao, Liberia , 1100 m, 10°55′45″N, 85°28′15″W, 24 November 1990, Chávez 419 ( MO!) ; Cantón de Liberia, P. N. Guanacaste, Cordillera de Guanacaste, Cerro Cacao , Estación Cacao , 1100 m, 10°55′45″N, 85°28′15″W, 10 March 1991, Chávez 520 ( MO!) ; Cantón de Liberia, P. N. Guanacaste, Cordillera de Guanacaste, Estación Cacao , Cerro Cacao , 1100 m, 10°55′43″N, 85°28′10″W, 8 February 1995, Espinoza 1253 (F!, MO) ; Parque Nacional Guanacaste Estación Mengo , sendero al potrero, lado sur, 1100 m, 10°55–56′N, 85°28–29′W, 15 July 1989, II INBio 177 ( MO!) ; Cantón de Liberia, P. N. Guanacaste, Cordillera de Guanacaste, Cerro Pedregal , en el sendero de la casa de Cacao al mirador, 1050–1160 m, 09°55′50″N, 85°28′30W ″, 13 July 1996, Morales 5497 ( MO!) . Puntarenas: Cantón de Buenos Aires, R. I. Ujarrás, Cordillera de Talamanca , Reserve Biológica Dúrika , 1500 m, 09°16′30″N, 83°14′40″W, 6 September 1995, Aguilar & Jiménez 4296 (F!) ; Fila El Tigre , SE of Las Alturas, 1350–1450 m, 08°56′N, 82°51′W, 29 August 1983, Davidse 24182 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Cantón de Buenos Aires Ujarrás, cabeceras de Río Kuiyé, siguiendo la Fila que dá a Olán , 1400 m, 09°17′50″N, 83°14′45″W, 19 September 1989, Herrera 3488 (CAS!, MO!) ; R. I. Ujarrás, Buenos Aires, Cordillera de Talamanca , Ujarrás , Quebrada Dorora , camino a Río Lori , 1520 m, 09°17′50″N, 83°15′30″W, 11 March 1993, Herrera 5864 ( MO!) ; Cantón de Coto Brus, Z. P. Las Tablas, Fila Cedro, Finca Cafrosa , 1480 m, 08°55′15″N, 82°47′20″W, 21 June 1996, Navarro V. 389 ( MO!) ; Parque Inter. La Amistad, Finca Cafrosa, San Vito de Cote Brus , 1200 m, 08°54′40″N, 82°47′19″W, 19 June 1990, Saborío 33 (F!, MO!) ; Parque Inter. La Amistad, Finca Cafrosa, San Vito de Coto Brus , 1200 m, 08°54′40″N, 82°47′19″W, 19 June 1990, Saborío 41 ( MO!) . San José: Cantón de Acosta, Fila Bustamante, Hcda. Tiquires , camino a Fila Aguabuena, cabeceras Río Tiquires , 1600–1800 m, 09°43′06″N, 84°10′52″W, 2 June 1995 ,

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Morales 4265 (MO!, NY!); Cantón de Aserrí , Cuenca del Pirris-Damas , Cerros de Caraigres , falda NE del Alto de Buenavista , camino a Monterrey, 1470 m, 09°44′41″N, 84°07′20″W, 3 January 1997, Morales 6019 ( MO!); vicinity of El General, 700 m, [09°22′18″N, 83°39′38″W], April 1939, Skutch 4278 (A!, MO!, NY!, S!, US!) ; vicinity of El General, 700 m, June 1939, Skutch 4362 (A!, F!, MO!, NY!, S!, US!) ; basin of El General, 695–900 m, [09°22′12″N, 83°40′48″W], April 1940, Skutch 4884 (F!, NY!, US!) ; vicinity of Santa María de Dota , 1500–1800 m, [09°39′N, 83°58′12″W], 26 December 1925, Standley & J. Valerio 43455 ( US!) ; San Isidro de El General , 750 m, [09°22′12″N, 83°42′07″W], 6 February 1963, Williams et al. 24732 (CR!, F!) .

PANAMA. Chiriquí: ca. 1 mi SW of Boquete , 4000 ft, [08°45′34″N, 82°26′34″W], 20 July 1947, Allen 4717 (MO!, NY!, S!) ; Boquete , 3800 ft, [08°48′N, 82°26′W], 24 June 1938, Davidson 739 (A!, DS!, F!, MO!, US!) ; Boquete , 4000 ft, 29 June 1936, Davidson 843 (A!, F!, MO!, US!) ; above San Felix on rds near Cerro Colorado, below summit on Pacific side, 1250–1300 m, 08°35′N, 81°50′W, 6 July 1988, McPherson 12699 (MEXU!, MO!) ; Cerro Colorado , 50 km N of San Felix on the continental divide, 1200–1500 m, [08°31′55″N, 81°48′50″W], 18 August 1975, Mori & Dressler 7882 (CAS!, MO!) ; Finca Lérida to Boquete , 1300–1700 m, [08°48′02″N, 82°27′21″W], 8–10 July 1938, Woodson Jr. et al. 1110 (GH!, MO!, NY!) . Province of Panama: Cerro Campana , 2600 ft, [08°41′N, 79°54′W], 27 August 1965, McDaniel 6829 ( MO!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Flowers of some species of Mexican and Central American Symplocos. a. S. longipes (photograph by Victor Steinman). b. S. austromexicana. c. S. breedlovei. d. S. coccinea. e. S. costaricana (photograph by Daniel Solano). f. S. hartwegii. g. S. nigridentata. h. S. povedae.

FIGURE 12. Symplocos costaricana. a. Branchlet with flowers. b. Leaf, adaxial surface. c. Inflorescence. d. Flower. e. Corolla opened with attached stamens. f. Disk, style, and stigma. g. Fruit. h. Fruit, cross section. (a–f drawn from G. Davidse et al. 35255, CAS; g, h drawn from L. O. Williams 18252, DS.)

FIGURE 13. Geographic distribution of Symplocos costaricana and S. excelsa.