Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) scolops

Açik, S., Murina, G. V., Çinar, M. E. & Ergen, Z., 2005, Sipunculans from the coast of northern Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean Sea), Zootaxa 1077, pp. 1-23 : 15

Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) scolops (Selenka & de Man, 1883)

( Figure 3 C, 4C)

Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) scolops: Murina & Zavodnik 1985 /1986: 35–36, fig. 7; Saiz Salinas 1986: 62 –63, fig. 23; Cutler & Cutler 1990: 717 –719, fig. 7f; Cutler 1994: 183 –184, figs 43c, 46b, 50f.

Phascolosoma scolops: Pancucci­Papadopoulou et al. 1999: 76 –77, fig. 27.

Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) scolops scolops: Stephen & Edmonds 1972: 321 –323, figs 39c–f.

Material examined: ESFM – SIP /98–41, K3, Karpas Cape, 18 July 1998, 10 m, on Posidonia oceanica , 1 specimen; ESFM – SIP /98–39, K4, Gazi Magosa Bay, 18 July 1998, 4 m, on P. oceanica , 4 specimens; ESFM – SIP /98–37, K5, Karpas Cape, 19 July 1998, 0–2 m, on rocks, 1 specimen; ESFM – SIP /98–38, K8, Limanbasi Cape, 20 July 1998, 3 m, on Cystoseira crinita , 2 specimens; ESFM – SIP /98–40, K8, Limanbasi Cape, 20 July 1998, 0–5 m, on rocks, 4 specimens; ESFM – SIP /98–42, K10, Malazgirt, 21 July 1998, 2 m, on rocks, 4 specimens.

Remarks: Trunk 5.5–9.7 mm long, 2.4–4.3 mm wide. Introvert with regular pigmented bands ( Figure 3 C); carrying 15–16 blue tentacles; 2.3–14.5 mm long. Introvert shorter (small individual) or longer (large individual) than trunk length. Hooks on introvert 28–68 µm long, 25–65 µm thick at base; arranged in less than 25 rings (17–24). Hook with a visible triangle and a clear streak ( Figure 4 C). Two characteristic dark lines crossing clear area of each hook. Hooks unidentate, sometimes with a small secondary tooth. Longitudinal muscle numbering 22–24 on posterior part of trunk, 19–21 on anterior part of trunk. Two dark eye spots present. Intestinal spiral with 12–13 coils. Spindle muscle welldeveloped, attached to posterior end of trunk. Contractile vessel simple. Nephridia 3.1–5.3 mm height, 0.2–0.9 mm wide. Trunk 1.8 times nephridia length. Papillae distributed over entire trunk; mid­trunk papillae small, those on both ends of trunk large. Dome­shaped to mammiform, reddish brown preanal papillae 90–150 µm long.

Distribution: Indo­West Pacific area, Red Sea, eastern Atlantic ( Cutler 1994) and Mediterranean Sea (Pancucci­Papadopoulou et al. 1999). Depth range: 0–5220 m ( Cutler 1977; Saiz Salinas 1993a).

Figures

FIGURE 3. The species new to the eastern Mediterranean fauna. A. Trunk and partly everted introvert of the specimen (ESFM – SIP / 97 – 20) of Nephasoma (Nephasoma) constrictum. B. Trunk and partly everted introvert of the specimen (ESFM – SIP / 98 – 35) of Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) agassizii agassizii. C. Trunk and partly everted introvert of the specimen (ESFM – SIP / 98 – 42) of Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) scolops. D. Trunk and partly everted introvert of the specimen (E SFM – SIP / 98 – 2) of Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) stephensoni. Scale line 1 mm

FIGURE 4. Hooks of Phascolosoma species from the Cypriot coast. A. Hooks of P. (P.) agassizii agassizii (ESFM – SIP / 98 – 35). B. Hook of P. (P.) granulatum (ESFM – SIP / 98 – 36). C. Hooks of P. (P.) scolops (ESFM – SIP / 98 – 39). D. Hooks of P. (P.) stephensoni (ESFM – SIP / 98 – 2). Scale line A 24 µm, B 30 µm, C 23 µm, D 15 µm