Scopula incanata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi & Rajaei, Hossein, 2023, Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae), Zootaxa 5359 (1), pp. 1-96 : 30-31

Scopula incanata (Linnaeus, 1758)

( Plate 7, Figs 9–10; Plate 17 , Fig. 1; Plate 25 , Fig. 1; Map 9)

Phalaena Geometra incanata Linnaeus, 1758 . Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (Ed. 10) 1: 528 (Europe). Syntypes (Europe) (LSL).

Acidalia incanata ibericata Reisser, 1935 . Entomologische Rundschau, 53 (5): 78. Syntypes ca. 50 ♁, 8 ♀ (central Spain: Sierra de Gredos ) (in MNCN, NHMUK, NHMV, SMNK, ZSM). Valid at subspecific rank.

Acidalia incanata albida Silbernagel, 1944 . Zeitschrift der Wiender entomologischen Gesellschaft, 29: 154. Syntypes ♁ ♀ ( Macedonia: Istok ). Valid at subspecific rank.

Scopula incanata rubeni Viidalepp, 1979 . Uchen. Zap. Tartu gos. Univ. 12 (483): 85. Holotype ♁ ( Russia: Tuva: Kyzyl ) (IZBE). Valid at subspecific rank.

Synonymies (for more details on nomenclature see Scoble 1999 and Hausmann 2004): Phalaena variegata Scopoli, 1763 (north-western Slovenia: Carniolia); Phalaena mediata Fabricius, 1776 ( Germany) (ZMUC); Phalaena Geometra planata Villers, 1789 (southern France); Arrhostia incanaria Hübner, 1825 (according to Hausmann (2004: 307): emendation, partly misidentified); Idaea mutata Treitschke, 1828 ( Austria: Styria; Croatia; Hungary); Acidalia mutataria Duponchel, 1830 (according to Hausmann (2004: 307): emendation); Acidalia adjunctaria Boisduval, 1840 ( Italy: Lombardian Alps); Dosithea demutaria Bruand, 1846 ( France, Doubs: Besancon).

For the list of unavailable names, see Hausmann (2004).

Material examined: 12 ♁/ ♀ (see appendix).

Diagnosis. Wingspan ♁ ♀ 24–30 mm (Hausmann 2004). Ground colour ( Plate 7, Figs 9–10) light grey to darker grey, transversal lines diffuse. In Iran Scopula incanata can externally be confused only with S. marginepunctata . Therefore, here these two species are diagnosed based on their genitalia characters. In the male genitalia 8th sternite basally convex, cerata medium sized (sternite basally shallow, cerata absent in S. marginepunctata ) (see Plate 17 , Figs 1–2).

In the female genitalia antrum with triangular or pentagonal sclerite (with triangular or half-moon shaped sclerite in S. marginepunctata ). Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized, oval (with transverse fold in S. marginepunctata ) (see Plate 25 , Figs 1–2).

Phenology. In central Europe generally bivoltine species, from early-May to mid-September, depending on good conditions trivoltine (Hausmann 2004). Investigated specimens in Iran were collected from March to August.

Biology. Larva polyphagous on a wide range of plant species of different families (e.g., Polygonaceae , Rosaceae , Fabaceae ) (see Hausmann 2004).

Habitat. From 0 m to 1400 m, to 2000 m in southern Alps and to 2300 m in southern Europe (Hausmann 2004). Investigated specimens in Iran were collected from 19 m to 2700 m.

Distribution. Widely distributed in Europe (Hausmann 2004). Also distributed in Turkey, the Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Siberia, northern Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Hausmann 2004; Makhov 2023). Report for northern Iran was still pending ( Viidalepp 1996; Hausmann 2004) but here we can confirm the occurrence of this species for the northern parts of Iran (see Map 9). Reported in the literature also for the province Tehran ( Schwingenschuss 1939).

DNA-barcoding. Nearest species: S. scalercii with 6.1 % (see Supplementary Table S1).

MAP 9. Distribution patterns of the Scopula species S. incanata , S. flaccidaria , S. minorata and S. adelpharia in Iran.

Figures

PLATE 17: Figures 1–4. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. incanata ([Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1275/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. marginepunctata terrigena (Iran, Mazandaran, Gonbad Qabus, g. prep. 0903/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. luridata (Syria, Marasch, g. prep. 1295/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. immutata ([Hungary], Bükk̂sd, 1246/2021 D. Wanke). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm.

PLATE 25: Figures 1–5. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. incanata ([Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1277/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. marginepunctata terrigena (N-Iran, Amarlu, Rudbar, g. prep. 0875/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. luridata ([Israel], Jaffa, g. prep. 1240/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. immutata ([Hungary], Bükk̂sd, 1247/2021 D. Wanke); 5: S. flaccidaria (N-Iran, Bandar Pahlavi, g. prep. 1054/2021 D. Wanke); 6: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Iran, Kerdej, g. prep. 11061). Scale-bar 1 mm.