Sphecodes croaticus Meyer, 1922

Özbek, Hikmet, Bogusch, Petr & Straka, Jakub, 2015, A contribution to the kleptoparasitic bees of Turkey: Part I., the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Turkish Journal of Zoology 39 (6), pp. 1095-1109 : 1099-1105

3.9. Sphecodes croaticus Meyer, 1922

Distribution: Bogusch and Straka (2012) examined material from Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, and Turkey. Warncke (1992), as a first record for Turkey, collected 13 samples from Erzurum, Hakkari, Konya, and Niğde provinces; the determination of these samples could be incorrect.

Material examined: Konya: Sille , 04.VII.1977, ♀, leg. J. Heinrich (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Biology: Bogusch and Straka (2012) indicated that S. croaticus is a rare species of warm open habitats. According to Blüthgen (1934), Lasioglossum interruptum (Panzer) is the only known host of S. croaticus , but it is unconfirmed.

3.10. Sphecodes dusmeti Blüthgen, 1924

Distribution: Spain, France, Greece, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Morocco, Algeria, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Tajikistan, and Turkey ( Warncke, 1992; Bogusch and Straka, 2012; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: Bitlis, Hakkari, Kars, Konya ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Hakkari: Suvari-Halil Pass , 27.06.1985, ♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

3.11. Sphecodes ephippius (Linnaeus, 1767) Distribution: Generally in southern Europe ( Spain, France, Greece, Italy, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Belorussia, Ukraine), Britain, Scandinavia Morocco, Algeria, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, through Asia including Kyrgyzstan to Japan ( Warncke, 1992; Bogusch and Straka, 2012; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: Eskişehir, Isparta, Kayseri, Bursa ( Fahringer, 1922; Meyer, 1925; Pfeiffer, 1927); Ardahan, Erzurum ( Özbek,

1979); Ağrı, Antalya, Artvin, Aydın, Bitlis, Bolu, Erzincan, Hakkari, Kars, Konya, Van ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Ardahan: Central , 30. V.1995, ♀, leg. M. Doğanlar. Artvin: Kafkasör , 1300 m, 41.0954 - 41.4740, ♀, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur. Bingöl: Ilıcalar , 17 km to Bingöl, 1250 m, 07. V.2002, 2 ♀♀, leg. H. Özbek. Burdur: 07.VII.2006, ♀, leg. M. Kadlecová (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Erzurum: Atatürk University Campus , 33.90.290 N - 41.25.284 E, 2000 m, 06.VII.2004, ♀, leg. H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen , 04. VI.1971, ♀, leg. H. Özbek ; 08. VI.1971, ♀, leg. H. Özbek; 17.VII.1974, ♂, leg. H. Özbek (on Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. ); Çat , 25 km Erzurum, 2000 m, 11.VII.2001, ♀, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur ; Hınıs, Söylemez , 1850 m, 19.VII.2001, ♂, leg. S. Çoruh (on E. creticum ) ; Ilıca , 20. VI.2003, ♀, leg. J. Hájek, (in National Museum Praha coll.) ; Palandöken , 23.VIII.1987, 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, leg. H. Özbek and R. Hayat ; Horasan, Karaçuha , 21. V.1980, ♀, leg. H. Özbek, Köprüköy, İncesu , 2340 m, ♂, leg. S. Çoruh and C. Güçlü; Oltu, Başaklı , 01.IX.1978, 2 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Timrek , 2300 m, 14.VII.2004, ♂, leg. H. Özbek (on Cephalaria procera Fisch. and Lall. ) ; Başaklı-Tutmaç border, 1900 m, 01.VII.2000, 2 ♀♀, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur (on C. procera ) ; Uzunoluk, Köroğlu , 2200 m, 40.3846 - 41.5647, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Palandöken , 23.VIII.1987, 18 ♀♀, 9 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek and R. Hayat; Tortum, Aşağı Meydanlar , 21. V.1995, ♀, leg. İ. Aslan ; Pasinler , 5 km NE of Pasinler, 40.01400 - 41.72460, 10.VII.2007, ♀, leg. J. S. Ascher, H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen ; Oltu, Başaklı , 18 km WSW of Oltu, 40.48722 - 41.80444, 27.06.2001, ♀, leg. H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen ; Başaklı , 20 km WSW of Oltu, 40.48722 - 41.80444, 1500 m, 03.VII.2001, ♀, leg. H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen ; 5–25 km SSW of Oltu , 18. V.2002, ♀, leg. H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen. Muş: Devlet Üretme Çiftliği , 01. VI.1972, ♂, ♀, leg. H. Özbek and M. Doğanlar. Sinop: Central , 25.VII.1977, ♂, leg. H. Özbek (on Carduus nutans L.).

Biology: Previous and present records show that S. ephippius is numerous and widespread throughout Turkey. It is active from April to October and occurs from sea level (Antalya) to about 2500 m (Erzurum). Probably it has more than one generation per year. Bogusch and Straka (2012) emphasized that it is a dominant species in Central and common in South Europe. Concerning its hosts, Bogusch et al. (2006) recorded the following species as confirmed hosts: Halictus tumulorum (Linnaeus) , Lasioglossum laticeps (Schenck) , L. leucozonium (Schrank) , L. malachurum (Kirby) , L. pauxillum , and L. quadrinotatulum . The same authors listed the likely unconfirmed hosts as Andrena barbilabris (Kirby) , A. flavipes Panzer , A. chrysopyga Schenck , A. labialis (Kirby) , A. minutula (Kirby) , A. wilkella (Kirby) , Halictus maculatus Smith , H. rubicundus (Christ) , Lasioglossum fratellum (Pérez) , L. lativentre (Schenck) , and L. prasinum . Additionally, Andrena argentata Smith was observed as a host of S. ephippius .

3.12. Sphecodes ferruginatus Hagens, 1882

Distribution: All of Europe including Scandinavia and Britain, Turkey, Far East, Asian Russia ( Warncke, 1992; Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2014, 2015; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: İstanbul, Konya ( Meyer, 1925); Antalya, Kars, Hakkari ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Erzurum: Ilıca, Ağzıaçık Geçidi , 2300 m, 19.VII.2008, ♂, leg. H. Özbek; Subatık, 1300 m, 13.VIII.2004, ♂, leg. H. Özbek. Kars: Sarıkamış, Karakurt , 40.07543°N, 42.20941°E, 1500 m, 16.VII–04.VIII.2005, ♀, Malaise trap .

Biology: Bogusch and Straka (2012) indicated that it is species of midlands, usually found in grasslands or on sunny slopes, but not in warm areas. However, our findings show that S. ferruginatus lives both in warmer and cooler regions. Stoeckhert (1933) recorded Lasioglossum fulvicorne (Kirby) as the only documented host. Similar species such as L. laticeps and L. pauxillum have been mentioned as likely hosts of this species (Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989). Bogusch and Straka (2012) emphasized that surveys on localities with these species present did not support this as the females of S. ferruginatus were invading only nests of L. fulvicorne .

3.13. Sphecodes geoffrellus (Kirby, 1802)

Distribution: Most of the European countries (present in Britain and Scandinavia), North Africa ( Morocco, Tunisia), Turkey, Near East, Siberia ( Warncke, 1992); Russian Far East, Mongolia, and Japan ( Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2015). Bogusch and Straka (2012) indicated that it is highly abundant in southern Europe. In Turkey: İstanbul ( Meyer, 1925); Konya, Niğde ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Ankara: Kızılcahamam , 26.V.1978, ♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Erzurum: Palandöken Mountain , about 2200 m, 05.VII.2007, ♀, leg. J. S. Ascher, H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen; 25 km NE Erzurum, 30.VI.2001, ♀, leg. J. G. Rozen and H. Özbek (in AMNH) .

Remark: Warncke (1992) described S. geoffrellus hakkariensis Warncke, 1992 from Hakkari and recorded it from Artvin, Bitlis, and Erzurum.

Biology: According to Bogusch and Straka (2012) it is a common species both in warmer and cooler regions. However, present and previous records revealed that it is quite widespread but not an abundant species in Turkey. Lasioglossum leucopus (Kirby) , L. morio (F.), L. nitidiusculum (Kirby) , and L. pauxillum (Schenck) are confirmed hosts ( Westrich, 1989; Bogusch, 2003). L. fratellum , L. rufitarse (Zetterstedt) , L. sexstrigatum (Schenck) , and L. marginellum (Schenck) are likely hosts ( Vegter, 1993; Field, 1996; Neumeyer and Obrist, 2000; Westrich, 2006). It is possible that this species invades nests of various smaller Lasioglossum species, and the females are individually specialized, as Bogusch et al. (2006) confirmed in S. ephippius and S. monilicornis .

3.14. Sphecodes gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution: Nearly all of Europe (north to 63°N), goes far into the Asian mainland to Mongolia, China, India, Pakistan ( Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2015), and North Africa ( Warncke, 1992; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: Bursa, İstanbul, Osmaniye ( Fahringer and Friese, 1921; Fahringer, 1922; Meyer, 1925); Erzurum, Muş ( Özbek, 1979) (on Eryngium sp. , Euphorbium sp. , Brassica sp. ); Ağrı, Ankara, Artvin, Erzincan, Eskişehir, Hakkari, Kars, Kayseri, Konya, Niğde, Sivas, Şanlıurfa, and Van ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Ağrı: Eleşkirt, Sarıköy , 1900 m, 26.VII.2003, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Balıklı Göl , 24. VI.1987, ♀, leg. Ö. Alaoğlu. Ankara: Haymana , 29.VII.1977, 2 ♂♂, leg. S. Aşar. Artvin: Yusufeli, Kınalıçam , 700 m, 21. V.2002, ♀ leg. H. Özbek. Bingöl: Buğlan Geçidi , 24. VI.2010, ♂, leg. P. Tyrner (in P. Tyrner coll.) . Bitlis: Tatvan , 10.VII.1984, ♀, leg. A. W. Ebmer (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Erzurum: 5 km NE of Pasinler , 10.VII.2007, 40.01400 - 41.72460, 10.VII.2007, ♀, leg. J. S. Ascher, H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen ; Atatürk University Campus , 2000 m, 39.90250 - 41.23500, 09.07.2007, ♀, leg. J. S. Ascher, H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen (in AMNH) ; 18. VI.1966, ♀, leg. H. Özbek, 02.VII.1970, ♀, leg. H. Özbek, 06.VII.1992, ♀, leg. E. Yıldırım, 17.VII.2003, 2 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek; Kargapazarı Mt. , 2500 m, 31.VIII.2005, ♀, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Ilıca, Atlıkonak , 13. VI.2002, 2000 m, ♀ leg. Ö. Çalmaşur ; Palandöken , 2300 m, 23.VIII.1987, 7 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek and R. Hayat; Muratgeldi , 03.VIII.1997, ♀, 9 ♂♂, leg. S. Aşar ; Şenyurt : 2300 m, 22. VI.1991, 4 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Oltu, Başaklı , 1700 m, 01.IX.1987, 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek , 17.IX.1977, 2 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Çamlıbel , 1600 m, 26.VII.2000, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Karakol , 1600 m, 01.VII.2000, ♀ leg. Ö. Çalmaşur ; Şenkaya, Turnalı , 01–05.VII.1990, 3 ♂♂, leg. E. Yıldırım ; Tortum, Yukarı Meydanlar , 09.VIII.2001, ♂, leg. S. Çoruh ; Esendurak , 1500 m, 11.IX.2001, ♀, ♂, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur ; Uzundere, Altınçanak , 1150 m, 08.IX.2005, ♀, leg. H. Özbek. Hakkari: Akçalı , 21. VI.2010, ♀ leg. P. Tyrner (in P. Tyrner coll.) . Isparta: Central , 09.VII.2006, ♀, Leg. M. Kadlecová, (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Kars: Sarıkamış , 1700 m, 09.VIII.2000, ♀, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur ; 26.VIII.1995, ♀, leg. E. Yıldırım ; Karakurt , 1500 m, 40.07543°N, 42.20941°E, 20. V.2005, ♀, leg. H. Özbek , 10–18. VI.2003, ♀, leg. H. Özbek , 13.VII.2006, ♀, leg. H. Özbek, 22.VII.2002, ♂, leg. H. Özbek. Kayseri: Central , 01. VI.1964, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Konya: Güneysınır, Karagüney , 03.IX.2000, 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ leg. M. Kesdek , 04.VIII.2002, ♂, leg. M. Kesdek; Sille , 10. VI.1966, ♀, leg. H. F. Hamann (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Nevşehir: Zelve, Avanos , 18.VII.1984, ♂, leg. A. W. Ebmer (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Niğde: Karakışlakçı , 07.VII.1995, 2 ♂♂, ♀, leg. Y. Barbier (in P. Bogusch coll.) . Sivas: Gürün , 03. VI.1970, 2 ♀♀ leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Şanlıurfa: 02. VI.1968, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Rize: Çamlıhemşin , 500–1200 m, 2 ♂♂, leg. E. Yıldırım.

Biology: Previous and present records revealed that S. gibbus is one of the most widespread and abundant species throughout Anatolia and it was recorded mainly above 700 m to 2500 m. Similarly, Bogusch and Straka (2012) mentioned that it is one of the most common species of Sphecodes and it is more common in South and Central Europe. They also emphasized that this species is very variable in appearance and in host spectrum. Halictus quadricinctus , H. rubicundus , and H. sexcinctus were mentioned by Westrich (1989) as the hosts and H. maculatus as a likely host. Bogusch (2003) confirmed H. simplex Blüthgen as a host and indicated Lasioglossum malachurum as a likely host.

3.15. Sphecodes intermedius Blüthgen, 1923 Distribution: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Spain, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Algeria ( Warncke, 1992; Bogusch and Straka, 2012; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: Ağrı, Ankara, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Hakkari, Iğdır, Kilis, Konya, Mardin, Nevşehir, Van ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Bitlis: Aşağı Kolbaşı , 1700 m, 22.VII.2003, ♂, leg. H. Özbek. Erzurum: Atatürk University Campus , 2000 m, 14.06.1974, 2 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek , 02.VII.1972, ♂, leg. H. Özbek (on E. creticum Lam. ); 29. VI.1992, ♂, leg. E. Yıdırım; 01.XI.1971, ♀, leg. M. Doğanlar ; 30 km W of Erzurum, Daphan , 20. VI.1987, ♂, leg. T. Osten . Konya: Güneysınır, Karagüney , 03.IX.2000, ♀, leg. M. Kesdek. Mersin: Mut, Çömelek , 29. V.1996, ♂, leg. M. Halada (in P. Bogusch coll.) .

Biology: According to Bogusch and Straka (2012), the biology of this species is not well known; probably a species of warm and dry biotopes, they think that Halictus kessleri Bramson can be a host of this species, too.

Remark: Bogusch and Straka (2012) noted that S. intermedius is a rare species, known in all countries from only one to several records, most of which are very old. It is important to point out that S. intermedius is rather abundant in Turkey; in addition to the samples collected in the present study, Warncke (1992) collected 102 samples from 11 provinces.

3.16. Sphecodes longulus Hagens, 1882

Distribution: Europe, including southern Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and England. In Asia it reaches through Turkey to Tajikistan and the Russian Far East ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Bogusch, 2003; Madsen and Calabuig, 2011; Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2014). In Turkey: Adıyaman, Antalya, Aydın, Bursa, Erzurum, Hakkari, Kars, Konya, Şanlıurfa ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Erzurum: Atatürk University Campus , 2000 m, 01.VII.2004, ♀, leg. J. G. Rozen and H. Özbek (in AMNH) . Hakkari: Güzeldere , 22. VI .2010, 2 ♂♂, leg. M. Halada (in M. Schwarz coll.). Kars: Sarıkamış, 17 km east of Karakurt , 40.12722 - 42.73611, 19.05.2002, ♀, leg. J. G. Rozen and H. Özbek (in AMNH) .

Biology: Lasioglossum minutissimum (Kirby) was detected as confirmed host of S. longulus ( Alfken, 1912) . Vegter (1993) indicated L. leucopus and L. zonulum (Smith) as additional hosts, which is possible. Lasioglossum lucidulum (Schenck) and L. sexstrigatum were mentioned by Vegter (1993) and L. morio by Westrich (1989) as likely hosts. Bogusch and Straka (2012) observed that nests of L. punctatissimum and L. semilucens (Alfken) were invaded by females of this species.

3.17. Sphecodes majalis Pérez, 1903

Distribution: Spain, France, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, European Russia, Iran, Ukraine, Algeria ( Warncke, 1992; Ascher and Pickering, 2015).

Material examined: Osmaniye: Aslanlı Beli, 970 m, 13.V.2002, ♀, leg. H. Özbek. It is a new record for Turkey .

Biology: It is a very rare species, currently represented by a single sample in the country (Figure). Likewise, Bogusch and Straka (2012) pointed out that S. majalis is a very rare species and occurs in steppes and at sunny sites, and Lasioglossum pallens (Brullé) is its host. Herrmann et al. (2003) described the biology both of the host and the parasite.

3.18. Sphecodes monilicornis (Kirby, 1802)

Distribution: Most of Europe, north to 64°N, in the east through Turkey, Kashmir, and Pakistan to Russia (Amur, Khabarosk, Primor’ye) and Japan and Mongolia; North Africa ( Morocco) ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Ascher and Pickering, 2015; Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2015). In Turkey: Bilecik, Bursa, İstanbul ( Fahringer, 1922; Meyer, 1925); Erzurum ( Özbek, 1979); Antalya, Bitlis, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Hakkari, Konya, Malatya, Mardin, Mersin, Nevşehir, Şanlıurfa as S. monilicornis cephalotes Meyer, 1920 ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Adana: Karanfil , 09.VII.1995, ♀, leg. P. Rasmont (in P. Bogusch coll.) . Ağrı: 10 km S, 1650 m, 26.VII.2003, 3 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek. Ankara: 16.VII.1997, ♂, leg. S. Aşar. Bitlis: Tatvan , 30.VII.1978, ♂, leg. H. Özbek (on E. creticum Lam. ) . Burdur: 07.VII.2006, ♂, leg. M. Kadlecová (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Erzurum: Central , 01.07.2004, 2♀♀, leg. G. Rozen and H.Özbek ; 02.VII.2007, 2 ♀♀, leg. G. Rozen and H. Özbek , 06.VII.2004, ♀, leg. G. Rozen and H. Özbek; Atatürk University Campus, 39.90250 - 41.23500, 30. VI.2007, ♀, leg. G. Rozen and H. Özbek (in AMNH) ; 09. VI.1970, ♀, leg. H. Özbek; 03.VIII.2004, ♂, leg. H. Özbek , 22.VIII.1987, ♂, leg. R. Hayat; Çatyolu, Gölet , 39.78888 - 41.14888, 09.VII.2004, ♀, leg. G. Rozen and H. Özbek (in AMNH) , 03.VIII.2004, ♂, leg. H. Özbek; Ilıca, Ağzıaçık , 2200 m, ♀, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur ; Çat , 08. V.1989, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Palandöken , 23.VIII.1987, 28 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek and R. Hayat (on Carduus nutans L.); Şenyurt , 22.VIII.1991, ♀, leg. H. Özbek ; Oltu, Çamlıbel , 1600 m, 26.VII.2000, ♂, leg. H. Özbek. Konya: Central , 15. VI.1965, 5 ♀♀, leg. M. Schwarz ; 15. VI.1968, 4 ♀♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Beyşehir , 15. VI.1966, ♀, leg. K. Kusdas (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Eflatun Pınar , 15.VII.1998, 6 ♂♂, leg. C. Schmid-Egger (in C. Schmid-Egger coll.) . Nevşehir: Göreme , 17.VII.1998, 5 ♂♂, leg. C. Schmid-Egger (in C. Schmid-Egger coll.) . Şanlıurfa: 08. VI.1968, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Şırnak: 23. VI.2010, 3 ♀♀, leg. P. Tyrner (in J. Straka coll.) .

Biology: Present and previous records reveal that S. monilicornis is a rather widespread and abundant species in Turkey. Likewise, Bogusch and Straka (2012) mentioned that S. monilicornis is a common species, especially in warm habitats, and occurs mainly on steppes and at sandy sites. Confirmed hosts are the following: Halictus rubicundus , Lasioglossum albipes (F.), L. calceatum (Scopoli) , L. leucozonium , L. quadrinotatulum , L. zonulum , and L. malachurum . Possible parasitization in nests of Andrena flavipes , Halictus maculatus , H. tumulorum , Lasioglossum laticeps , L. pauxillum , L. prasinum , and L. villosulum (Kirby) was indicated by Vegter (1993) and Bogusch (2003). Bogusch and Straka (2012) also thought that the number of hosts of this species is high and the females are individually specialized. Legewie (1925) and Radchenko and Pesenko (1994) mentioned that females of S. monilicornis can kill the workers before laying eggs in all cells.

3.19. Sphecodes niger Hagens, 1874

Distribution: Nearly all of Europe, present in Turkey ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Bogusch and Straka, 2012; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). As Turkish material, Warncke (1992) found only one male as a new record, in Ankara (Figure). In the present study no sample was encountered. Thus, S. niger might be a very rare species in Turkey. Maybe this is the only specimen that has been collected so far from Turkey. Among the Asian countries S. niger was found only in Turkey, and with the present knowledge, Ankara is the easternmost and southernmost distribution record of this species.

Biology: According to Bogusch and Straka (2012), S. niger occurs in warm biotopes, and Lasioglossum morio is the only confirmed host.

3.20. Sphecodes nomioidis Pesenko, 1979

Distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Jordan, Romania, Slovakia, Turkey, and Ukraine ( Pesenko, 1979: Radchenko, 1979; Bogusch and Straka, 2012). Özbek (1979) recorded it in Erzurum as S. marginatus on Medicago sativa L., Eryngium sp. , and Euphorbia sp. In the present study these samples were redetermined as S. nomioidis .

Material examined: Adana: Çatalan, 04.IV.2002, ♀, leg. P. Bogusch (in P. Bogusch coll.) . Ağrı: Tutak , 28. V.1980, ♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Ankara: 24. VI.1984, ♂, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Antalya: Beldibi , 05. V.1988, ♀, leg. Leg. H. Wolf (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Belek , 11.VII.2000, ♂, leg. J. Straka (in J. Straka coll.) ; Side , 20. VI.1985, ♂, ♀, leg. Mohr (in M. Schwarz coll.) , 27.IV.1973, ♂, ♀, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Denizli: Pamukkale , 25.III.1977, 2 ♀♀, leg. J. Heinrich (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Erzurum: Atatürk University Campus , 2000 m, 17.VII.1974, 2 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek (on O. viciifolia ) , 26.VII.1974, 3 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek (on M. sativa L.) ; 29. VI.1974, ♂, leg. H. Özbek; 01.IX.1971, ♀, leg. M. Doğanlar ; Tortum, Esendurak , 11.IX.2001, 1500 m, ♂, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur. Hakkari: Oramar , 29. VI.1985, 2 ♀♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Hatay: Antakya , 02. VI.1965,?, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Iğdır: 30. VI.1997, ♀, leg. M. Halada (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Kayseri: Yeşilhisar , 26. V.1975, ♀, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Konya: Central , 27. V.1965, 2 ♀♀, 05. VI.1967, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Beyşehir , 06. VI.1964, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Erenköy , 07.IV.1977, 2 ♀♀, leg. J. Heinrich (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Sille , 29. VI.1976, ♂, leg. J. Heinrich (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Mersin: Mut, Sertavul , 20. V.1970, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner ; 01. VI.1976, 4 ♀♀; 08.06.1966, ♀, (in M. Schwarz coll.). Muğla: Milas, Derince, Bafa Lake , 15.IV.1966, ♀, leg. P. Hartmann (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Nevşehir: Ürgüp , 02. VI.1964, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner; 21.VII.1971, ♂, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Topaklı , 30. V.1964, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Sivas: Gürün , 05.06.1970, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Şanlıurfa: Birecik , 04.IV.1977, 4 ♀♀, leg. J. Heinrich (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Halfeti , 05. V.1994, 5 ♂♂, leg. M. Halada (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Van: Başkale , 30. V.1980, ♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Erciş , 27. V.1983, ♀, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Biology: Present records showed that it is a widespread species in Turkey and active from about the end of April to the middle of September. It occurs at sea level and in warm climates to above 2000 m in cool areas.

3.21. Sphecodes olivieri Lepeletier, 1825

Distribution: France, Spain, Italy, Caucasus, Iran, Israel, Turkey, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Dubai, Egypt, Ethiopia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Morocco ( Warncke, 1992; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: Iğdır, Kayseri, Nevşehir, Şanlıurfa ( Warncke, 1992).

Biology: The distribution area shows that it occurs in warm semidesert habitats. The hosts of this rare species are not well known ( Bogusch and Straka, 2012). Blüthgen (1934) mentioned Lasioglossum aegyptiellum (Strand) and L. vagans (Smith) as likely hosts.

3.22. Sphecodes pellucidus Smith, 1845

Distribution: Europe from Spain including Britain, north to 66°N, Sweden and Finland to European Russia. In Asia from Turkey through Iran, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan to Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primor’ye) Mongolia, and China; North Africa ( Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Ascher and Pickering, 2015; Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2015). In Turkey: Bursa, İstanbul ( Fahringer, 1922; Meyer, 1925); Aydın, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, Hakkari, Kars, Kayseri, Konya, Nevşehir, Niğde ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Ardahan: Central , 2100 m, 30. V.1983, ♂, leg. M. Doğanlar. Erzurum: Atatürk University Campus , 1950 m, 28. V.1970, ♀, leg. H. Özbek ; 06–09. VI.1970, 2 ♀♀, leg. H. Özbek ; 26. VI.1972, 2 ♀♀, leg. H. Özbek, 18.VII.1975, 2 ♀♀, leg. H. Özbek (on E. creticum ); 14.VIII.1971, ♀, leg. M. Doğanlar; Horasan, Orman Fidanlığı , 06.VII.1991, ♀, leg. E. Yıldırım ; Palandöken , 23.VIII.1987, 14 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek and R. Hayat , 30.VIII.1987, ♂, leg. R. Hayat ; Narman , 1950 m, 17.VIII.2004, ♂, leg. S. Çoruh and C. Güçlü ; Uzundere , 900 m, 25. VI.1992, ♀, leg. M. Atamanalp ; Balıklı , 1040 m, 29. V. I2003, ♀, leg. S. Çoruh ; Altınçanak , 08.IX.2005, leg. H. Özbek. Kars: Sarıkamış, Akkurt , 40.0738 - 42.4410, 18.05.2002, 2 ♀♀, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur. Konya: Eflatun Pınar , 15.VII.1998, ♀, leg. C. Schmid-Egger (in C. Schmid-Egger coll.) .

Biology: Most of the above mentioned samples were collected in meadows and pastures with scattered bushes. However, Bogusch and Straka (2012) pointed out that S. pellucidus is a species of sandy sites and semidesert biotopes. The hosts of S. pellucidus are Andrena barbilabris ( Alfken, 1913) , A. nycthemera Imhoff ( Schönitzer and Klinksik, 1990), and Lasioglossum leucozonium (Schrank, 1781) ( Sick et al., 1994) . Several other bee species were listed as likely hosts: Andrena argentata Smith , A. bicolor Fabricius , A. humilis Imhoff , A. ventralis Imhoff , A. wilkella , and L. prasinum ( Vegter, 1993; Bogusch and Straka, 2012). Bogusch and Straka (2012) observed the association of S. pellucidus with A. barbilabris and S. ephippius from the same localities as invaded nests of A. argentata .

3.23. Sphecodes pinguiculus Pérez, 1903

Distribution: Cape Verde, Spain, Hungary, Slovakia, Italy (Sicilia), Iran, Russia, Ukraine, Cyprus, Turkey, Tajikistann, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Mongolia, and North Africa ( Algeria, Egypt, Libya) ( Warncke, 1992; Bogusch and Straka, 2012; Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2014). In Turkey: Ankara, Eskişehir, Erzincan, Hakkari, Iğdır, Kayseri, Konya, Mersin, Nevşehir, Niğde, Sivas, and Van ( Warncke, 1992).

Biology: Bogusch and Straka (2012) indicated that S. pinguiculus prefers warm, usually sandy habitats. Possibly, Halictus lucidipennis Smith is the main host. They suggest H. smaragdulus Vachal as a possible host for the Central European region, where the similar H. lucidipennis does not occur.

Remark: Although S. pinguiculus has large distribution ranges outside of Turkey and Warncke (1992) recorded it from 12 provinces in various regions of the country, in the present study, no material was collected. Therefore, it could currently be treated as a rare species.

3.24. Sphecodes pseudofasciatus Blüthgen, 1925 Distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Morocco, Turkey, and Ukraine ( Bogusch and Straka, 2012). No material was found in the present study. Bogusch and Straka (2012) indicated that this species is collected in low numbers and only a few records are known from each country. Thus, it could be treated as a rare species in Turkey.

3.25. Sphecodes puncticeps Thomson, 1870

Distribution: Almost all of Europe from the Canary Islands, Portugal, United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, European Russia, Greece, Bulgaria. In Asia: Cyprus, Turkey, Armenia, Iran, Israel, Central Asia, Russian Far East (Primor’ye), Mongolia. North Africa ( Morocco, Egypt) ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Bogusch and Straka, 2012; Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2015). In Turkey: Adıyaman, Ankara, Artvin, Aydın, Bitlis, Gaziantep, Hakkari, İstanbul, Kars, Konya, Nevşehir, Niğde, Samsun, Şanlıurfa ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Antalya: Arapsuyu , 5 m, 30. VI.2002, ♂, leg. H. Özbek. Artvin: Yusufeli, Zeytinlik , 600 m, 22. V.2002, ♀, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur. Erzincan: Muti Bridge , 26.IX.1979, 4 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek (on E. creticum ) ; Işıkpınar , 27.IX.1979, ♀, leg. H. Özbek. Erzurum: Oltu, 22 km WSW of Oltu, Çamlıbel , 40.47166 - 41.77777, 08.07.2007, ♀, leg. J. S. Ascher, H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen ; 4 km WSW of Oltu, Subatık , 40.53305 - 41.98527, 03.VII.2001; ♀, leg. J. G. Rozen and H. Özbek (in AMNH) ; Kaleboğazı , 1450 m, 18.IX.2001, ♂, leg. S. Çoruh ; Pasinler , 25.VIII.1971, ♂, leg. H. Özbek. Kars: Sarıkamış, Karakurt , 40.07543°N, 42.20941°E, 16–23.VIII.2002, ♀ (Malaise trap).

Biology: Although Bogusch and Straka (2012) indicated that S. puncticeps prefers sandy biotopes, in the present study material was collected mainly in pastures and meadows. Lasioglossum villosulum is the only confirmed host ( Alfken, 1913). Bischoff (1927) gave L. brevicorne (Schenck) as a likely host. Bogusch and Straka (2012) confirmed both hosts and also observed S. puncticeps in an association with L. politum and L. sabulosum .

3.26. Sphecodes reticulatus Thomson, 1870

Distribution: Mainly North Europe including Sweden and Finland, British Isles, Lithuania, in the south very rare except Bulgaria, Greece, Ukraine to Russia, Turkey, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkestan ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Bogusch and Straka, 2012). In Turkey: İstanbul ( Meyer, 1925); Ardahan, Erzurum, Hakkari, Konya, Mersin, Samsun ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Kars: Sarıkamış , 1900 m, 09.VIII.2000, ♂, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur. Niğde: Karakışlakçı , 07.VII.1995 (on Euphorbia altissima ), ♂, leg. Y. Barbier (in P. Bogusch coll.) .

Biology: Bogusch and Straka (2012) noted that S. reticulatus is a rare species that occurs in various biotopes, generally in sandy sites and other open habitats. Present and previous records ( Meyer, 1925; Warncke, 1992) revealed that it is a common species in Turkey. Andrena barbilabris was a confirmed host (Stoeckhert, 1933; Blüthgen, 1934). Moreover, Andrena argentata , A. wilkella , Lasioglossum prasinum , and L. leucozonium cedri Ebmer were mentioned as likely hosts ( Blüthgen, 1934; Vegter, 1993).

3.27. Sphecodes rubicundus Hagens, 1875

Distribution: Mainly in northern Europe, including England, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine; Armenia and Turkey; Morocco, Egypt ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: Ağrı, Ankara, Hakkari, Konya, Mersin, Şırnak, Van ( Warncke, 1992; as S. ruficrus rubicundus Hagens, 1875 ).

Material: Adana: Hamidiye , 26.VI.2011, ♀, leg. J. Straka (in J. Straka coll.) . Burdur: Central , 08.VII.2006, ♀, leg. M. Kadlecová (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Konya: Sille , 37.93330 - 32.38333, 09.VI.1975, ♀, leg. J. Heinrich.

Nevşehir: Ürgüp , 38.63000 - 34.91000, 05. VI .1975, ♀, leg. J. Heinrich (in AMNH) .

Biology: Bogusch and Straka (2012) claimed that S. rubicundus is a rare species, and older findings are from open habitats, usually sandy sites and steppes. Andrena labialis (Kirby) is a confirmed host of S. rubicundus ( Blüthgen, 1934; Sowa and Mostowska, 1978; Radchenko, 1982) and A. nigroaenea (Kirby) is a likely host ( Blüthgen, 1934).

3.28. Sphecodes ruficrus (Erichson, 1835)

Distribution: Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, Croatia, Austria, Germany, Hungary, Russia, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Armenia, India, Turkey ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: İzmir ( Meyer, 1920); Ağrı, Ankara, Erzurum, Hakkari, Iğdır, and Van ( Warncke, 1992).

Biology: In general, S. ruficrus prefers sandy sites ( Bogusch and Straka, 2012). Andrena humilis and A. decipiens Schenck were detected as main hosts ( Westrich, 1989; Herrmann, 2006). Moreover, Bogusch and Straka (2012) mentioned S. ruficrus in association with A. livens Pérez, 1895 .

3.29. Sphecodes rufiventris (Panzer, 1798)

Distribution: Europe up to 57°N; absent from Portugal, Spain, Scandinavia, and Britain; present in European Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Israel. Present in North Africa ( Morocco, Algeria) ( Warncke, 1992; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey: Bursa, Eskişehir, Konya ( Meyer, 1925); Ankara, Aydın, Bitlis, Erzincan, Hakkari, Niğde, Iğdır, Şanlıurfa, Van (type locality) ( Warncke, 1992) as Sphecodes rufiventris hethiticus Warncke, 1992 .

Material examined: Ağrı: Patnos , 29. V.1980, ♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Artvin: Yusufeli , 500 m, 27.VII.2004, 2 ♂♂, leg. S. Çoruh. Erzurum: Pasinler , 5 km NE of Pasinler, 40.01400 - 41.72460, 04.VII.2004, ♂, leg. S. Ascher, H. Özbek and J. G. Rozen (in AMNH).

Erzincan: Central , 13.VII.1985, 3 ♂♂, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Konya: Central , 25. V.1965, 3 ♀♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Çumra , 1017 m, 13.VIII.2000, ♀, leg. M. Kesdek ; Sille , 04. VI.1967, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Hakkari: Tanin pass, 03. VI.1980, ♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Nevşehir: Central , 04.VII.1984, ♂, leg. A. W. Ebmer (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Ürgüp , 21.VII.1971, ♂, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Sivas: Gürün , 05. VI.1970, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Biology: Although Bogusch and Straka (2012) noted that S. rufiventris prefers warmer open or shrubby habitats, in the present study, samples were collected in cool areas, such as Ağrı and Erzurum at above 2000 m, in addition to the warm localities. Halictus maculatus is the only recorded host (Stoeckhert, 1933; Blüthgen, 1934). Bogusch and Straka (2012) also observed S. rufiventris in association with H. maculatus .

3.30. Sphecodes scabricollis Wesmael, 1835

Distribution: Northern Europe to Finland, present in England, European Russia; in Asia Turkey, Japan, Iran, India, South Korea, Siberia, Russian Far East (Khabarovsk) ( Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992; Mitai and Tadauchi, 2013; Astafurova and Proshchalykin, 2014; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). In Turkey, more recently Astafurova and Proshchalykin (2014) listed several samples collected in August and September in 1978–1982 (localities were not indicated).

Material examined: Muğla: Akyaka , 06.V.2013, ♀, leg.? (in J. Straka coll.) .

Biology: Bogusch and Straka (2012) noted that S. scabricollis is a very rare species of sandy wetlands, endangered or extinct in most countries, and its populations are much weaker than in the past. However, the records of Astafurova and Proshchalykin (2014) show that it is quite common in the Russian Far East. Lasioglossum zonulum was recorded as the host of S. scabricollis ( Blüthgen, 1934) . Blüthgen also recorded Halictus compressus , H. quadricinctus , and L. prasinum as likely hosts.

3.31. Sphecodes schenckii Hagens, 1882

Distribution: Northeast Spain, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Austria, Slovakia, Germany, Russia, Turkey, and Iran ( Warncke, 1992). In Turkey: Antalya, Erzurum, Gümüşhane, Hakkari, Kars, Konya, Malatya, Nevşehir ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Ağrı: Lake Balıklı 2000 m, 24. VI.1987, ♂, leg. Ö. Alaoğlu ; Tutak , 11. VI.1977, ♀, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Aksaray: Ihlara Valley , 10.VIII.2006, 3 ♂♂, J. Růžička (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Ankara: 16.VII.1997, ♀ ♂, 01.IX.1997, 2 ♂♂, leg. S. Aşar ; Haymana , 19.VIII.1997, 2 ♂♂, leg. S. Aşar. Antalya: Finike, Arif Village, Arykanda , 11.VII.1998, ♂, leg. C. Schmid-Egger (in C. Schmid-Egger) ; Beldibi , 05. V.1988, ♀, leg. H. Wolf (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Side , 04. VI.1977, ♀, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Burdur: Yeşilova , 06.VII.2006, ♂, leg. M. Kadlecová (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Çankırı: Kurşunlu , 14.VII.1985, ♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Erzurum: Atatürk University Campus , 1900 m, 04. VI.1970, ♂, leg. H. Özbek (on O. viciifolia ) , 11. VI.1991, ♂, 26. VI.1972, ♀, leg. H. Özbek (on O. viciifolia ), 29. VI.1992, ♂, leg. E. Yıldırım , 17– 26.07 VII.1974, 2 ♀♀, leg. H. Özbek, 08.IX.1971, ♀, leg. H. Özbek ; Horasan, Orman Fidanlığı , 06.VII.1991, ♀, leg. E. Yıldırım ; Palandöken , 23.VIII.1987, 4 ♀♀, ♂, leg. H. Özbek and R. Hayat; Ilıca, Ağzıaçık , 2300 m, 19.VII.2003, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Oltu , 14.IX.1978, ♀, leg. H. Özbek ; Çamlıbel , 1600 m, 26.VII.2000, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Narman, Kireçli Dağı , 2300 m, 02.VII.2000, ♂, leg. C. Güçlü ; Uzundere , 20. VI.1992, ♀, leg. M. Atamanalp ; Balıklı , 1040 m, 29. VI.2003, ♂, leg. S. Çoruh ; Çat , 08. V.1989, 2000 m, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Şenyurt , 22.VIII.1991, ♀, leg. H. Özbek. Kars: Sarıkamış , 26.VIII.1991, ♀, leg. E. Yıldırım ; Sarıkamış, Karakurt , 40.07543°N, 42.20941°E, 16–23. VI.2002, 2 ♂♂, ♀ (Malaise trap); 19.VIII.2003, 2 ♂♂, ♀, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur and S. Çoruh ; Susuz , 26. VI.1989, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Hakkari: Uludere , 06. VI.1977, ♀, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Hatay: Reyhanlı , 20. V.1991, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Samandağı, Nur Dağları , 06.VII.1996, ♂, leg. Brechtel and Ehrmann (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Isparta: Şarkikaraağaç , 13. VI.1978, ♀, leg. M. Schwarz (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Konya: 27. V.1965, 3 ♀♀, leg. M. Schwarz , 07. VI.1972, ♀, leg. K. Kusdas (in M. Schwarz coll.); Çumra, 1017 m, 13.VIII. 2000 m, ♀, Leg. M. Kesdek; Güneysınır, Karagüney , 03.IX.2000, 9 ♂♂, leg. M. Kesdek (on E. giganteum M.Bieb. ) ; Taşkent , 06.VIII.1991, ♂, leg. K. Warncke (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Mersin: Mut , 27. V.1967, 3 ♂♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner , 06.IV.1977, ♀, leg. J. Heinrich (in M. Schwarz coll.) ; Göksu River , 11.VII.1996, ♂, leg. Brechtel and Ehrmann (in C. Schmid-Egger) ; Silifke, Boğusak , 10 m, 03.IX.1987, ♂, leg. H. Özbek, det. H. Özbek. Muğla: Köycegiz , 21. V.2000, ♀, leg. J. Smit (in J. Smit coll.) Milas , 28.VII.2002, ♀, leg. E. Kwast (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Nevşehir: Ürgüp , 10. VI.1970, ♀, leg. K. Kusdas (in M. Schwarz coll.) . Sivas: Yıldızeli, Çamlıbel pass, 16.VII.1984, ♀, leg. A. W. Ebmer (in M. Schwarz coll.) .

Biology: Bogusch and Straka (2012) noted that S. schenckii is a rare species of warm localities; in most of the countries there are only a few records. However, present data show that S. schenckii is a widespread and abundant species and has been recorded almost throughout the whole country, except the Black Sea Region. Lasioglossum discum (Smith) is supposed to be a host due to the similar distribution area, size, and appearance ( Blüthgen, 1934). Grozdanić (1971) confirmed this species as a host of S. schenckii .

3.32. Sphecodes spinulosus Hagens, 1875

Distribution: Europe to 56°N, present in Sweden and England, Turkey, Iran, East Russia, Kyrgyzstan; present in North Africa ( Warncke, 1992; Edwards and Telfer, 2001). In Turkey: Osmaniye ( Meyer, 1925); Gümüşhane ( Özbek, 1979); Ağrı, Ankara, Erzurum, Hakkari, Iğdır, Kars, and Van ( Warncke, 1992).

Material examined: Erzurum: Horasan, Aras Valley , 1600 m, 04. VI.2000, 2000 m, ♀, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Ilıca, Ağzıaçık, Bakımevi , 2300 m, 16. VI.2002, 2 ♂♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Atlıkonak , 2000 m, 13. VI.2002, ♂, leg. Ö. Çalmaşur ; Tafta , 20. VI.1970, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Köprüköy, Kayabaşı , 1600 m, 14. VI.2004, ♂, leg. H. Özbek ; Dumlu , 20. VI.2000, ♂, leg. Leg. Ö. Çalmaşur (in P. Bogusch coll.) .

Biology: Bogusch and Straka (2012) noted that it is a rare species of warm biotopes, usually steppes, in Central Europe with only a few records in recent years. However, the present study shows that it is widespread in the eastern part of the country and recorded at altitudes of 1600–2300 m. The only known host is Lasioglossum xanthopus (Kirby) ( Stoeckhert, 1923; Blüthgen, 1934; Pesenko et al., 2000).

3.33. Sphecodes zangherii Noskiewicz, 1931 Distribution: France, Greece, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine ( Warncke, 1992; Bogusch and Straka, 2012; Ascher and Pickering, 2015). No material was found during the present study. Bogusch and Straka 2012) examined the samples collected from Turkey by Warncke and claimed that the specimens of S. z angherii determined by Warncke were misidentified as S. croaticus .