Pholcus quinquenotatus Thorell, 1878

Yao, Zhiyuan, Tavano, Maria & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Notes on four pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) described by T. Thorell from Southeast Asia, Zootaxa 3609 (3), pp. 302-310 : 307

Pholcus quinquenotatus Thorell, 1878

Fig. 4

Pholcus v-notatus Thorell 1878: 163. Thorell 1887: 90. Simon 1901: 49. Leardi in Airaghi 1902: 349 [misidentified, see Smeringopus pallidus (Blackwall, 1858) ].

Pholcus dentifrons Thorell 1898: 275 .

Pholcus quinquenotatus Roewer 1942: 341 . Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: 41, figs 28–30. Huber 2011: 293, figs 1368, 1376–1377, 1406–1408 and 1446–1465.

Type material examined. ‘ P. dentifrons ’: syntypes: 1 male and 1 female [MSNG; Huber (2011) reported 1 male and 1 female syntypes from Bhamo, Myanmar, the female in Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, examined by Huber, the male possibly in MSNG, not examined by Huber, we examined 2 syntypes, 1 male and 1 female, in MSNG], Bhamo, Myanmar, 1885 [label without date, 1885 copied from Huber (2011)], L. Fea leg. ‘ P. v - n o ta t u s ’: syntypes: 3 females (MSNG), Amboina, Maluku Islands, Indonesia, 1874, O. Beccari leg.

Diagnosis. The species can be easily distinguished from all known congeners by presence of a hooked, median apophysis on ocular area, details of pedipalpal morphology ( Figs 4 A–D; different shapes of procursus and uncus, large appendix) and female genitalia ( Figs 4 E–F; different shape of epigynum in ventral view, different shape of sclerotized arch, and insole-shaped pore plates).

Redescription. Male (syntype of ‘ P. d e n t i f r o n s ’): Total length 4.68 (4.81 with clypeus), prosoma 1.22 long, 1.28 wide, opisthosoma 3.46 long, 1.03 wide. Leg I lost, leg II: – (6.28 + 0.58 + 5.64 + 9.36 + –), leg III: 15.32 (4.62 + 0.51 + 3.65 + 5.83 + 0.71), leg IV: 21.46 (6.60 + 0.56 + 5.06 + 8.21 + 1.03). Dorsal shield of prosoma yellowish, with a brown V-shaped mark posteriorly; ocular area brownish; clypeus and sternum yellowish, with brown marks. Legs yellowish, but dark brown on patellae and tibia-metatarsus joints. Opisthosoma yellowish, with indistinct spots dorsally and laterally. Distance PME-PME 0.36; diameter PME 0.16; distance PME-ALE 0.03; distance AME-AME 0.03; diameter AME 0.07. Ocular area elevated, with long hairs and a hooked, median apophysis; each eye triad on top of a relatively longer eye-stalk directed towards laterally. No thoracic furrow. Sternum wider than long (0.90/0.77). Chelicerae with pair of black apophyses distally provided with two modified hairs each, pair of unsclerotized thumb-shaped apophyses proximolaterally, and pair of nearly rounded apophyses frontally. Pedipalpi as in Figs 4 A–B; trochanter with a pointed retrolatero-ventral apophysis; femur with a dorsal apophysis retrolaterally; procursus simple proximally but complex distally; uncus large, with scales; appendix hooked and thick, with scales; embolus weakly sclerotized. Legs with short vertical hairs, without spines and curved hairs (many hairs lost).

Female (syntype of ‘ P. d e n t i f r o n s ’): Similar to male, clypeus 0.15 long, prosoma broken, opisthosoma 3.85 long, 1.28 wide; leg I lost. Distance PME-PME 0.21; diameter PME 0.17; distance PME-ALE 0.03; distance AME- AME 0.04; diameter AME 0.07. Ocular area without median apophyses and eye-stalks. Epigynum ( Fig. 4 E) brown, with distinct patterns and a knob-shaped outgrowth. Vulva ( Fig. 4 F) with a sclerotized arch anteriorly, two insole-shaped pore plates, and some sclerites.

Distribution. Widely distributed in Southeast Asia ( Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Pholcus quinquenotatus Thorell, 1878, based on male (A – D) and female (E – F) syntypes of ‘ P. dentifrons ’. A – B. Pedipalpus (A, prolateral view; B, retrolateral view); C – D. Distal part of procursus (C, prolateral view; D, retrolateral view); E. Epigynum, ventral view; F. Vulva, dorsal view.