Glyphidops (Oncopsia) durus (Cresson)

Sepúlveda, Tatiana A., Wolff, Marta I. & De Carvalho, Claudio J. B., 2014, Revision of the New World genus Glyphidops Enderlein (Diptera: Neriidae), Zootaxa 3785 (2), pp. 139-174 : 160-163

2. Glyphidops (Oncopsia) durus (Cresson)

( Figs. 10 A–E, 16B, 17F–I)

Nerius durus Cresson, 1926: 260 . Type locality: Costa Rica, Higuito, San Mateo. HT ♀ [USNM]. Oncopsia dura ; Hennig, 1937: 253.

Glyphidops (Oncopsia) dura ; Aczél, 1961: 319.

Glyphidops (Oncopsia) durus ; Steyskal, 1968: 3.

Nerius dispar Cresson, 1926: 261 . Type locality: Panama, Porto Bello, São Vicente. HT ♂ [USNM]. New synonymy. Oncopsia dispar ; Hennig, 1937: 253.

Glyphidops (Oncopsia) dispar ; Aczél, 1961: 319.

Oncopsia dubia Hennig, 1937: 254 . Type locality: Ecuador, Bucay. HT ♂ [SMT]. New synonymy. Glyphidops (Oncopsia) dubia ; Aczél, 1961: 319.

Oncopsia neutra Hennig, 1937: 254 . Type locality: Peru, Meshagua, Urubamba river. HT ♂ [SMT]. New synonymy. Glyphidops (Oncopsia) neutra ; Aczél, 1961: 328.

Glyphidops (Oncopsia) neuter ; Steyskal, 1968: 3.

Diagnosis. Fronto-orbital setae increasing in size posteriorly, two anterior pairs closer than posterior pair. First flagellomere oblong with arista apical. Posterior notopleural seta inserted on a very small velvety tubercle. Scutum dorsally with two white pruinescent stripes, separated by wide median brown stripe that widens and fades after transverse suture. Katatergite brown. Tibiae yellow with median pale brown ring. Halter whitish-yellow.

Male. Body length 4.8–6.1 mm. Wing length 4.3–4.8 mm and width 1.3–1.7 mm. Brown with partly yellow head and thorax ( Fig. 10 A).

Head. Moderately elongate; 0.9–1.3 mm length and 0.8–1.2 mm width. Frontal vitta yellow, except for pale brown stripe from ocellar tubercle that sometimes reachs anterior margin of frons ( Fig. 10 C). Fronto-orbital plate black, sometimes paler near anterior fronto-orbital seta. Postocellar seta convergent, length 2.2–3.0 timestransverse diameter of ocellar tubercle; inner vertical seta straight, equal to outer vertical seta; outer vertical seta curved and divergent, 60–80% length of postocellar seta. Genal seta subequal to postocellar seta. Postgena subtly narrowing posteriorly. Occiput brown; height 2.0–3.0 times length ( Fig. 10 D). Antennal base brown; distal margin black. Antennae 60–70% length of head. Scape yellow, darkened on dorsal and lateral margins; 0.1 mm long. Pedicel same color or paler than scape; 0.1–0.2 mm long; inner process of pedicel finger-like and relatively wide. First flagellomere oblong; length 1.4–1.9 times width. Arista apical and bare.

Thorax. Scutum dorsally with two white pruinescent stripes, separated by wide median brown stripe that widens and fades after transverse suture towards scutellum; pleuron with bluish reflections. Anterior notopleural seta absent. Posterior notopleural seta, 60–90% length of scutellar seta; inserted on very small velvety tubercle. Supra-alar seta hair-like and subequal to postalar seta. Postalar seta curved and subequal to scutellar and dorsocentral setae. Scutellar seta, 60–90% length of scutellum. Proepisternum bare. Katepisternum brown with bluish reflections and dorsal white pruinescent spot; straight, black seta equal to posterior notopleural seta or absent in four males from Brazil. Katatergite brown; length 1.4–1.7 times width. Anatergite and mediotergite with dense white pruinescence.

Legs. Mid coxae with one lateral seta. Femora yellow with brown rings to almost entirely brown; mid femur anteriorly with two or three median setae. Tibia yellow with distomedial pale brown ring, darker on mid and hind tibiae.

Wing ( Fig. 10 E). Basicosta with dorsal hair-like seta. Halter whitish-yellow.

Abdomen. Same color as thorax. Syntergite 7+8 shiny yellowish-brown. Epandrium darker than syntergite 7+8.

Female. Similar to male, differs as follows: body length 5.2–7.4 mm long ( Fig. 10 B). Wing length 4.3–6.4 mm and width 1.2–1.8 mm. One female from Colombia with fronto-orbital plate completely yellow. Katepisternal seta absent or hair-like. Three females from Costa Rica with katatergite yellow. Fore coxa without anterolateral setae (larger females may present one seta). Oviscape brown with distal yellow ring; length 1.5–2.3 times maximum width.

Comments. Nerius durus was described by Cresson (1926) as similar to N. flavifrons , but darker. The female holotype with katatergite brown, dorsal stripe on scutum distinctly diverging towards scutellum, fore coxa without anterolateral setae, all femora with three brown rings and tibiae with distomedial brown ring. In the same work, N. dispar was described from a female also similar to N. flavifrons , but femora black. The author noted that was not able to describe other characteristics of thorax, because the specimen was greasy. We agree with the statement that these species resemble N. flavifrons and found that the only difference between N. durus and N. dispar is coloration of legs. We also found that rings on femora described by Cresson are highly variable, from one pale yellowishbrown ring to completely brown femora in darker specimens. Hennig (1937) described Oncopsia neutra and O. dubia on his review of the Neriidae , were the author could not compare the specimens with type material of the species previously described by Cresson (1926). As for N. dispar , the material used to describe O. dubia was greasy, but it is possible to differentiate the brown stripe on dorsal scutum widening towards scutellum. The specimen also have wide brown rings on femora and tibiae. Type material of O. neutra have paler legs, but in all cases is possible to distinguish brown rings on legs. From examined material, we conclude that number, size and direction of setae, as well as scutum tomentum patterns and wing venation and darker spots, are the same for the four mentioned species. The main differences correspond to a highly variable coloration on femora. On several cases, head may vary by presence of yellowish-brown frontal stripe anterior to ocellar tubercle and (as mentioned on redescription) fore coxa and katepisternal setae, which vary from male to female.

Material examined. Type material. Holotype: Nerius durus Cresson, 1926 (♀) ( Fig. 17 F). Costa Rica, Higuito, San Mateo/ Pablo Schild Coll./ Typus, Nerius durus, E. T. Cresson Jr. [ USNM] (without fore right and mid legs).

Holotype: Nerius dispar Cresson, 1926 (♂) ( Fig. 17 G). Panamá, Porto Bello, 13.iii.1911, August Busck/ Typus, Nerius dispar, E. T. Cresson Jr. [ USNM] (without right fore leg).

Holotype: Oncopsia dubia Hennig, 1937 (♂) ( Fig. 17 H). Ecuador, Bucay, Dr. Ohaus/ 1907/ Typus, Oncopsia dubia Hennig [ ZMHB] (without right scape, fore right leg and mid right tarsi).

Holotype: Oncopsia neutra Hennig, 1937 (♂) ( Fig. 17 I). Perú, Meshagua, 2.x.1903, Urabamba river/ Type, Oncopsia neutra, Hennig [SMT] (without right pedicel fore tibia and tarsi). Paratypes: 2 ♂, Perú, 150m, 23– 24.xi.1903, Pachitea-Münd./ Paratype, Oncopsia neutra, Hennig [SMT]; 2 ♀, Bolivia, Maipiri, 12–13.i.2003, S. Carlos, 800m / Paratype, Oncopsia neutra, Hennig [SMT]; 1 ♀, Bolivia, Mapiri, iii.1903, Sarampioni, 700m / Paratype, Oncopsia neutra, Hennig [SMT].

Other material. COSTA RICA: 1 ♀, Turrialba, 15–19.vii.1965. P. J. Spangler ( USNM); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, PN Volcán Tenorio, Valle Rios Roble, Palmital arriba la caliza, 1000–1100m, 16.ix–6.x.2006, Malaise, J. A. Azofeifa ( INBio); 1♂ 1♀, Alajuela, Upala, Bijagua, PN Volcán Tenorio Sendero Heliconias, 700m, 1–3.x.2002, Libre, J. D. Gutierrez ( INBio); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, PN Volcán Tenorio, Estación Pilou, 1.5 SO C. Camela, 700– 800m, 5.vii–17.viii.2006, Malaise, J. A. Azofeifa ( INBio); 1 ♀, Prov Puntarenas, PN La Amistad, Estacion Altamira, 1320m, 1–15.xi.1994, Malaise, M. Segura ( INBio); 2 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas, Buenos Aires, Estación Altamira, Sendero a Casa Coca, 1700m, 4.iii–14.iv.2000, Malaise, D. Ruby ( INBio); 1 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas, Buenos Aires, Estación Altamira, Cerro Biolley, 1766m, 4.i–3.ii.2000, Malaise, D. Ruby ( INBio); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Prov. Osa Península, 3.5mi S Rincon, 8°42´N, 83°29´W, 1.iii.1969 / D. C. Bentz Coll.; 2 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas, 5km NW Puerto Jimenez, 10m, 8°33´N, 83°21´W, xi.1991, Malaise, P. Hanson; 1 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas, Res. GolfoDulce, Rincón (3 km SW), x.1989 – iii.1990, P. Hanson. PANAMA: 1 ♂, San Blas, Nusagandi, 350m, 9°20´N, 78°56´W, 1–6.iii.1985, Flint & Louton; 3 ♀, Bananas, ix.8 –22.1932 ( USNM). COLOMBIA: 1 ♀, Chocó, PNN Los Katíos, Centro Administrativo Satuatá, Fuera del bosque, 7°51´N, 77°8´W, 30m, Malaise, 4–20.viii.2004, R. Yépez (IAvH); 1 ♀, Chocó, PNN Los Katíos, Centro Administrativo Satuatá, Centro del bosque, 7°51´N, 77°8´W, 30m, Malaise, 15.viii–12.ix.2003, P. López (IAvH); 2 ♂, Risaralda, SFF Otún Quimbaya, El Molinillo, 4°43´N, 75°34´W, 220m, Malaise, 24.v-19.vi.2003, G. López (IAvH); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Valle del Cauca, PNN Farallones de Cali, Anchicaya, 3°26´N, 76°48´W, 730m, Malaise, 8.v–19.vi.2001, S. Sarria (IAvH); 1 ♀, Valle del Cauca, Ginebra, Loma Gorda, 3°43´N, 76°16´W, 1100m, 26.vi.2003, J. Martinez/ Trampa casera con miel, En Citrus sp. (Rutacea)- limon ( USNM); 1 ♂, Cauca, PNN Gorgona, Antigua Laguna, 2°58´N, 78°11´W, 70m, Malaise, 23.x–8.xi.2000, H. Torres (IAvH); 1 ♀, Huila, PNN Cueva de Los Guacharos, Cabaña Cedros, 1°32´N, 76°6´W, 2100m, Malaise, 18.ii–7.iii.2002, C. Cortés (IAvH); 1 ♂, Vaupés, Estación Biológica Mosiro-Itajura (Caparú), Centro Ambiental, 1°4´S, 69°31´W, 60m, Malaise, 19–25.v.2004, J. Cortés (IAvH); 1 ♀, Putumayo, PNN La Paya, Loma Alta, 0°6´N, 74°59´W, 350m, Malaise, 15–30.v.2003, L. M. Magno (IAvH); 1 ♀, Vaupés, Estación Biológica Moisiro-Itajura (Caparú), Centro Ambiental, 1°4´S, 69°31´W, 60m, Malaise, 20.i–01.ii.2003, M. Sharkey & D. Arias (IAvH); 1 ♂, Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, Matamata, 3°41´N, 70°15´W, 150m, Malaise, 7.ix–1.x.2001, D. Chota (IAvH); 3 ♀, Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, San Martin, 3°46´N, 70°18´W, 150m, Malaise, 5–19.xi.2001, D. Chota (IAvH). VENEZUELA: 1 ♀, Bolivar, 83 km S El Dorado, 900m, 28.vi.1984, D. S. Bogar ( USNM); 1 ♀, T. F. Amaz. Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 0°50´N, 66°9´W, 140m, 1–10.iii.1984, D. Davis & T. McCabe ( DZUP). BRAZIL: 5 ♀, Amazonas, Manaus, RFA Ducke, VSR banana- peixe-figado, 18–26.ix.2010, Cordeiro, Grisales, Guedes & Haseyama ( DZUP); 1 ♀, São Paulo, Praia de Ipiranga, x.1959 ( MZUSP); 1 ♀, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos reis/ 17.viii.1972, H. S. Lopes ( DZUP); 1 ♀, Paraná, Guaratuba, 7.xi.1968, C. Dipterologia ( DZUP). ECUADOR: 1 ♂, Los Rios, Vic. Quebrada, iii. iv.1955, E. N. O´Rourke ( USNM).

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, São Paulo, Paraná), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina (Tucumán) ( Fig. 16 B).

Figures

FIGURE 10. Glyphidops (Glyphidops) durus (Cresson); A. Male, habitus; B. Female, habitus; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, lateral view; E. Wing. Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURE 16. Distribution maps for Glyphidops. A. G. (O.) carrerai Aczél; B. G. (O.) d u r u s (Cresson); C. G. (O.) flavifrons (Bigot); D. G. (O.) limbatus Enderlein; E. G. (O.) pluricellatus (Schiner).

FIGURE 17. Type material Glyphidops. A. G. (G.) bullatus (Enderlein); B. G. (G.) filosus (Fabricius); C. G. (G.) obscurus Hennig; D. G. (G.) vittatus (Cresson), photo: J. D. Weintraub / ANSP Entomology; E. G. o c h re u s Hennig; F. G. (O.) durus Cresson; G. O. dispar Cresson; H. O. dubia Hennig; I. O. neutra Hennig; J. G. (O.) flavifrons (Bigot), photo: Zöe Simmons / OUM; K. O. mexicana Enderlein; L. O. seductrix Hennig.