Chorosoma schillingii

Rohanová, Markéta & Vilímová, Jitka, 2019, Nymphal development of Rhopalus maculatus and Chorosoma schillingii (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhopalidae: Rhopalinae) and development of trichobothrial pattern in Rhopalidae, Zootaxa 4564 (2), pp. 367-390 : 385-386

Chorosoma schillingii

1 Mesonotal and metanotal wing pads not developed. Metanotum or metanotum and mesonotum with dark pigmented and strongly sclerotized spot each side laterally ( Figs. 24, 25 ). Average body length up to 3.88............................ 2

- Mesonotal and metanotal wing pads developed ( Figs. 26–28 , 43 ). Mesonotum and metanotum uniformly pigmented and sclerotized, spots of different color and sclerotization not present. Average body length greater than 3.88................... 3

2 Labium reaching beyond posterior margin of hind coxae up to anterior abdominal sterna. Prothorax and abdomen flattened ventrally, mesothorax and metathorax convex ventrally. Posterior margin of mesonotum straight. Metanotum, with dark pigmented and strongly sclerotized spot each side laterally ( Fig. 24 ). Lengths of 1–4 antennomeres: average 0.19 (0.12–0.24), 0.40 (0.36–0.44), 0.44 (0.37–0.49), 0.49 (0.46–0.51), average body length = 1.66 (range, 1.34–2.79).............. 1 st instar

- Labium reaching posterior margin of hind coxae. Entire thorax and abdomen flattened ventrally. Posterior margin of mesonotum slightly sinuate. Mesonotum and metanotum with dark pigmented and strongly sclerotized spot each side laterally ( Fig. 25 ). Lengths of 1–4 antennomeres: 0.34 (0.31–0.41), 0.61 (0.56–0.65), 0.61 (0.56–0.68), 0.65 (0.60–0.70), average body length = 3.88 (range, 2.70–4.70)................................................................... 2 nd instar

3 Pair of spots with different microsculpture than surrounding cuticle not developed on pronotum anteriorly. Posterior margin of mesonotum between wing pads straight, beginning of scutellum not developed. Mesonotal wing pads short, rounded, not surpassing metanotum ( Fig. 26 ). Lengths of 1–4 antennomeres: 0.48 (0.33–0.54), 0.87 (0.79–0.99), 0.85 (0.73–0.95), 0.81 (0.66– 0.92), average body length = 5.94 (range, 4.85–6.96)................................................... 3 rd instar

- Pair of spots with different microsculpture than surrounding cuticle on pronotum anteriorly ( Figs. 27, 28 ). Posterior margin of mesonotum between wing pads convex, with rounded or triangular beginning of scutellum developed. Mesonotal wing pads long, reaching beyond abdominal tergum 1 ( Figs. 27, 28 ). Average body length greater than 5.94...................... 4

4 Posterior margin of pronotum straight. Pair of spots with different microsculpture on pronotum anteriorly not sharply delimited. Beginning of scutellum on posterior margin of mesonotum between wing pads, rounded, not separated from wing pads by mesonotal groove each side. Mesonotal wing pads reaching abdominal tergum 2 ( Fig. 27 ). Hind tibiae brownish. Developing external genitalia not present. Lengths of 1–4 antennomeres: 0.77 (0.69–0.83), 1.30 (1.16–1.45), 1.20 (1.12–1.39), 1.11 (1.02– 1.19), average body length = 8.34 (range, 6.17–9.90)................................................... 4 th instar

- Posterior margin of pronotum concave. Pair of spots with different microsculpture on pronotum anteriorly, delimited laterally and posteriorly by shallow furrows. Beginning of scutellum on posterior margin of mesonotum between wing pads more evident, triangular, separated from wing pads by mesonotal groove either side. Mesonotal wing pads reaching to at least abdominal tergum 3 ( Fig. 28 ). Hind tibiae dark brown. Developing external genitalia present (male’s abdominal sternum 9 compact, female’s abdominal sternum 9 divided by longitudinal groove medially). Lengths of 1–4 antennomeres: 1.14 (0.99–1.22), 1.94 (1.55–2.08), 1.76 (1.62–1.88), 1.47 (1.39–1.62), average body length = 11.23 (range, 9.31–13.52)................ 5 th instar

Figures

FIGURES 24–28. Chorosoma schillingii, nymphal instars, thoracic terga (dorsal view; chaetotaxy omitted on the left side of body). (24) 1 st instar. (25) 2 nd instar. (26) 3 rd instar. (27) 4 th instar. (28) 5 th instar. Scale bars: 24–27 = 0.5 mm, 28 = 1.0 mm. Lettering: Bs, distinctly sclerotized black spot; Mg, mesonotal groove; Ms, mesonotum; Msp, mesonotal wing pads; Mt, metanotum; Mtp, metanotal wing pads; Pr, pronotum; Sc, beginning of scutellum; Sf, shallow furrow; Ss, spot with different microsculpture of cuticle; dashed line, outline of area with different microsculpture of cuticle.

FIGURES 40–44. Nymphal instars (dorsal view; SEM). (40, 41) Rhopalus maculatus, dorsum of abdomen with ostioles and evaporatorium associated with dorsal abdominal scent glands: (40) 1 st instar; (41) 3 rd instar. (42–44) Chorosoma schillingii. (42, 43) Total body from dorsal view: (42) 2 nd instar. (43) 3 rd instar. (43a) Detail of thoracic nota from Fig, 43. (44) Detail of head, 1 st instar. Lettering: III–VII, abdominal segments; A, anteclypeus; E, evaporatorium; Fs, flattened seta; M, medial sclerite; Mp, mandibular plate; Ms, mesonotum; Msp, mesonotal wing pad; Mt, metanotum; Mtp, metanotal wing pad; Os, ostiole; Pr, pronotum; Tp, thorn-shaped process; dashed line, outline of detail in Fig. 43a.