Burmadryininae, Olmi & Xu & Guglielmino, 2014

Olmi, Massimo, Xu, Zaifu & Guglielmino, Adalgisa, 2014, Descriptions of new fossil taxa of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from Burmese amber (Myanmar), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2), pp. 703-714 : 707-708

Burmadryininae subfam. nov.

Type genus. Burmadryinus gen. nov., present designation.

Diagnosis. Male ( Fig. 2 ). Fully winged; occipital carina complete; forewing with two cells enclosed by pigmented veins (costal and median + submedian); median and submedian cells of forewing fused; tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution. Only known from the Burmese amber.

Hosts. Unknown.

Genera and species included. Burmadryinus gen. nov. with a single species B. cenomanianus sp. nov.

Remarks. Because of the fused median and submedian cells of forewing, the new species requires erection of a new genus ( Burmadryinus gen. nov.) and a new subfamily ( Burmadryininae subfam. nov.). The above character is an apomorphy never found in the family Dryinidae . In fact, in both sexes of other fully winged Dryinidae the forewing can have the following basal cells completely enclosed by pigmented vein: only costal (in most Aphelopinae ); costal + median (in Conganteoninae and in part of the genus Crovettia Olmi, 1984 ( Aphelopinae )); costal + median + submedian (+ rarely ¿rst cubital) in the rest of Dryinidae .

After the description of Burmadryininae , the following new key to the males of the world Dryinidae subfamilies is presented (the following ¿ve subfamilies are not included in the below key to the males, because their males are unknown: Erwiniinae Olmi & Guglielmino, 2010, † Palaeoanteoninae Olmi & Bechly, 2001 , Plesiodryininae Olmi, 1987, † Protodryininae Olmi & Guglielmino, 2012 , and Transdryininae Olmi, 1984):

1 Fully winged; forewing with only costal cell enclosed by pigmented veins (Fig. 25 in OLMI, 1984; Figs 32, 33 in OLMI 2007); occipital carina complete. ............................... 2

í Fully winged, or micropterous, or brachypterous, or apterous; forewing of fully winged forms with costal and 1–2 basal cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Figs 26, 27 in OLMI 1984); occasionally forewing with only costal cell clearly enclosed by pigmented veins, but in this case occipital carina absent (in some males of Gonatopodinae ). ....... 3

2 Forewing with stigmal vein and pterostigma present (Fig. 7E in XU et al. 2013); other veins (except those surrounding costal cell) absent, their course not being marked by dark stripes; hindwing (Fig. 7E in XU et al. 2013) hyaline, with costal cell, without dark medial longitudinal stripe; basivolsella completely situated down distivolsella distal apex (Fig. 36 in OLMI 2007). ................................................................ Aphelopinae Perkins, 1912

í Forewing with stigmal vein present (Figs 32, 33 in OLMI 2007); pterostigma absent (Figs 32, 33 in OLMI 2007); other veins (except those surrounding costal cell) absent, the course of M and Cu veins being marked by dark stripes (Figs 32, 33 in OLMI 2007); hindwing (Figs 32, 33 in OLMI 2007) without costal cell, with one dark medial longitudinal stripe; basivolsella with lateral distal process parallel to distivolsella and reaching at least same level of distivolsella distal apex (Figs 34, 35 in OLMI 2007). ............................................ ............................................................................................ Apoaphelopinae Olmi, 2007

3 Always fully winged; forewing with costal and median cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Fig. 26 in OLMI 1984); occipital carina complete. ............................................... 4

í Fully winged, or rarely micropterous, or brachypterous, or apterous; forewing of fully winged forms with costal, median and submedian cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Fig. 27 in OLMI 1984); occasionally only costal cell clearly enclosed by pigmented veins, then occipital carina absent (in some males of Gonatopodinae ); occasionally median and submedian cells fused and forming one cell only ( Fig. 2B ). ................................... 5

4 Antennal segment 3 more than three times as long as broad (Fig. 12E in XU et al. 2013). ................................................................................. Conganteoninae Olmi, 1984

í Antennal segment 3 less than three times as long as broad (Fig. 11B in XU et al. 2013). .......................... Aphelopinae Perkins, 1912 (only few males of Crovettia Olmi, 1984 )

5 Tibial spurs 1/2/2. ........................................................ † Ponomarenkoinae Olmi, 2010

í Tibial spurs 1/1/2. ........................................................................................................... 6

6 Fully winged; forewing with median and submedian cells fused and forming only one cell ( Fig. 2B ). .............................................................. † Burmadryininae subfam. nov.

í Fully winged, or rarely micropterous, or brachypterous, or apterous; forewing of fully winged forms with costal, median and submedian cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Fig. 27 in OLMI 1984); occasionally only costal cell clearly enclosed by pigmented veins, then occipital carina absent (in some males of Gonatopodinae ). ........................ 7

7 Mandible never with intermediate rudimentary tooth; usually with four teeth getting larger from anterior to posterior one (Fig. 5 in OLMI 1984), or with four teeth of different length. ............................................................................................................................. 8

í Mandible with 1–4 teeth ( Fig. 2 in OLMI 1984); quadridentate mandibles always with intermediate rudimentary tooth (Fig. 22 B in OLMI 1984). ............................................ 9

8 Forewing with metacarpus as long as, or longer than pterostigma (Fig. 28 in OLMI 1984). ........................ Dryininae Haliday, 1833 (only Thaumatodryinus Perkins, 1905 )

í Forewing with metacarpus shorter than pterostigma (Fig. 29 in OLMI 1984). .................. ................................................................................................ Anteoninae Perkins, 1912

9 Lateral regions of prothorax continuous with mesopleura; epicnemium concealed (Fig. 121 in OLMI 1999). ................................................................ Bocchinae Richards, 1939

í Lateral regions of prothorax not continuous with mesopleura; epicnemium exposed (Fig. 120 in OLMI 1999). ....................................................................................................... 10

10 Mesosternum distinct, not fused with mesopleura (Plate 6F in OLMI & VIRLA 2014). ...... ................................................................................................ Apodryininae Olmi, 1984

í Mesosternum fused with mesopleura and not distinct (Plate 6G in OLMI & VIRLA 2014). ...................................................................................................................................... 11

11 Occipital carina present, complete or incomplete (Fig. 181 in OLMI 1999); dorsal process of paramere absent (Fig. 146 in OLMI 1999). .......................... Dryininae Haliday, 1833

í Occipital carina absent; occasionally present and complete, then dorsal process of paramere present (Fig. 1206 in OLMI 1984). ..................................................................................... ....................................... Gonatopodinae Kieffer, 1906 (in KIEFFER & MARSHALL 1906).

Figures

Fig. 2. Burmadryinus cenomanianus gen. & sp. nov. A – habitus in dorsal lateral view. B – fused median and submedian cells of forewing (indicated by an arrow). C – habitus in ventral lateral view. D – head in ventral lateral view. Scale bar: A = 1.0 mm; B = 0.3 mm; C = 0.77 mm; D = 0.28 mm.