Discomyza maculipennis (Wiedemann)

Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz & Cielniak, Magdalena, 2015, A review of the genus Discomyza (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Afrotropical, Australasian / Oceanian and Oriental Regions, Zootaxa 3963 (1), pp. 1-26 : 17-21

Discomyza maculipennis (Wiedemann)

Figs 47–57, 59

Notiphila maculipennis Wiedemann, 1824: 57 .

Homalura maculipennis: Wiedemann, 1830: 574 .

Discomyza maculipennis : de Meijere, 1908: 166.

Discomyza obscurata Walker, 1860: 169 , synonymized by Bezzi, 1914: 332.

Discomyza balioptera Loew, 1862: 140 , synonymized by Cresson, 1925: 242.

Discomyza pelagica Frauenfeld, 1867: 451 , synonymized by Cresson, 1925: 242. Discomyza amabilis Kertész, 1901: 421 , synonymized by de Meijere, 1908: 166.

Diagnosis. This species is similar to D. eritrea but can be distinguished from it and other congeners by the whitish pattern of microtomentum on the thorax.

Description. Body length 2.20–2.70 mm. Head ( Fig. 47 ). Head height-to-width ratio 0.78–0.89; frons heightto-width ratio 0.50–0.58; frons shiny laterally, parafrons and ocellar triangle shiny, the rest dull, without cavities; anterior fronto-orbital seta present, but rudimentary. Antenna yellow; basoflagellomere elongate, 3.0x as long as wide; arista with 7–10 dorsal rays. Face ( Fig. 48 ) wrinkled, below antennae without microtomentum, in dorsal part 4 transverse stripes, laterally 3 quadrate bulges, in ventro-lateral part 3 oblique folds, in the middle 6 transverse, narrow stripes; 3 facial setae in ventral part; parafacialia shiny; facial width-to-head width ratio 0.35–0.47; facial width-to-height ratio 0.53–0.76; gena-to-eye ratio 0.19–0.21; eye width-to-height ratio 0.61–0.67. Palpus dark brown.

Thorax. Mesonotum ( Fig. 59 ) greyish black, subshiny; scutellum trapezoidal. Wing ( Fig. 57 ) infuscated irregularly of lateral parts of cell r1, medial part of cell r4+5 below vein R2+3, its anterior margin and apical 1/5, then medial infuscation extends to the end of crossvein dm-m, and apical part continues to the vein M1; crossvein dm-m slightly sinuate; costal vein ratio 0.68–0.75; M vein ratio 0.77–1.18. All legs except tarsi black, fore basitarsomere whitish, mid and hind 1–4 tarsomeres yellowish, other blackish brown. Distal half of forefemur bearing anteroventral comb-like row of setulae. Stem of halter dark grey, knob white.

Abdomen: Tergites 1–4 greyish black and dull, tergite 5 shiny; tergites with similar length. Male terminalia ( Figs 49–55 ). Epandrium in ventral view ( Fig. 49 ) as high as wide with small cercal cavity, which height is less than half of epandrial height; cercus in ventral view ( Fig. 49 ) slender, slightly lunate; pregonostylus in ventral view ( Fig. 49 ) trapezoidal with basal broadening bearing medial seta, anterior apex broadly rounded; postgonostyli ( Figs 50–53 ) asymmetrical, left longer than right, lacking large, thick mediosub-basal lobe-like setae; left postgonostylus in ventral view ( Fig. 50 ) lunate, generally setulose except for base and apex; in lateral view ( Fig. 51 ) as elongated irregular rectangle, narrow on its apical 1/5, which bears 2 small median projections, setulose medio-laterally; right postgonostylus in ventral view ( Fig. 52 ) semicircular with subapical medial triangular projection, setulose medially; in lateral view ( Fig. 53 ) elongate and bifurcate apically, setulose medio-distally; aedeagus in ventral view ( Fig. 54 ) pentagonal with tapered apex and bears moderate medio-lateral rounded lobes; aedeagus in lateral view ( Fig. 55 ) subrectangular, slightly narrowed apically, 3x as long as wide with broadly rounded apex; phallapodeme in lateral view ( Fig. 55 ) as a narrow triangle.

Type material: The lectotype female of Notiphila maculipennis Wiedemann (designated by Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2005: 434) is labeled " TYPE ” “ Ind. Orient. Coll. Winth.” (“ Ind. Orient.” handwritten), “ Homalura maculipennis Wid Ind. Orient ” (handwritten), “ maculipennis det. Wied “, (all but "det." handwritten), “ LECTOTYPE ♀ Notiphila maculipennis Wiedemann By Mathis & Zatwarnicki ” (handwritten except for " LECTOTYPE " and "By", black sub-border). The lectotype is double mounted (minuten in a rectangular block of cork; red square below specimen), is in good condition, and is deposited in the NMW. The paralectotype of the senior synonym of unknown sex is in poor condition (partially covered with some dust, end of abdomen eaten by a pest, mesonotum broken by a pin) is labelled: " TYPE " (red), " Notiphila maculipennis Wied. Ind. or." (ink on grey paper), " Discomyza maculipennis (Wied.) det. B. H. Cogan 1976", “zmuc 00025463” and is preserved in ZMUC. Conditions and labeling of available types of junior synonyms are provided by Zatwarnicki & Mathis (2007).

Material examined: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Casuarina Beach, Darwin , 22. X. 1972, D. H. Colles, 1 ♂; Bessie Spring, 8 km ESE of Cape Crawford, 26. X. 1975, M. S. Upton, 1 ♀; Rimbija Is., Wessel Islands, 3–14. II. 1977, T. A. Weir, 1 ♂, 1 ♀. Queensland., Palfrey Island, Gr. Barrier Reef, 28. VII. 1968, H. Heatwole, 1 ♀. Western Australia: Lone Dingo, Mitchell Plateau, 9–19. V. 1983, I. D. Naumann, J. C. Cardale, 1 ♀ (all ANIC); Cocos-Keeling Is, I.–X. 1941, G. A. Gibson-Hill, 1 ♂ ( BMNH). BRUNEI: Bandar Seri Begawan, prairie, 13–14. IV. 1993, P. Grootaert, 2 ♂ ( RBINS). CHINA: Guangdong: Guangzhou (“Canton), 7. IX. 1977, A.M. Coyle, 1♂ ( BMNH); Fujian: Chungan, Upper Kuatun, 1400 m., 12–13. IV. 1943, T. C. Maa, 1 ♂ ( BPBM). FIJI: D. 88, 1. II. 1929, H.W. Simons, 3 ♀; Suva D.66, 10. IV. 1928, H.W. Simons, 1 ♀ ( BMNH); Viti Levu Is., Nausori, 16. VII. 1923, C. L. Edwards, 1 ♀ ( BMNH); Vanua Levu Is., Savundrondro Reservoir Area, 5 km NEE of Savusavu, 100 m, 13. II. 1979, J. P. & M. J. Duffels, 1 ♂ ( ZMA). INDIA: Rajasthan: Bharatapur Koeladeo, Bird Sanctuary, swamp, 24. XI. 1983, L. Papp, 1 ♀ ( HNHM); Tamil Nadu: Dohnavur-Tirunelveli, 100 m, 8. X. 1938, P. S. Natran, 1 ♀ ( BMNH); Thanjavur Dt. Nedunvadu, 5. II. 1938, P. S. Nathan, 1 ♂ ( RBINS). INDONESIA: Java: Semarang, XI. 1910, E. Jacobson, 3 ♀ ( ZMA); I. 1936, E. Jacobson, 1 ♀ ( BMNH); Jakarta (as “ Batavia ”) (Moeara Antyol), XII. 1907, 1 ♀; Sinabang, Simeulue (“Simalur”) Island, III 1913, E. Jacobson, 1 ♀ ( ZMA); Maluku Islands, Ambon (S), Kuta Beach Bay, Namalatu, hatched out of an Echinodermata and of an Turbo , 10. IV. 1989, 14 ♂, 16 ♀ ( FBUB); Saonek (S of Waigeo), 18–22. XII. 1909, E. Jacobson, 6 ♂; Sumatra: Bukittinggi (“Fort de Kock”), 920 m., 1925, E. Jacobson, 2 ♂, 4 ♀ ( ZMA). JAPAN: Ryukyu Is.: Ishigaki Island, XI. 1952, H. Akamine, N. Kedamori, E. Kazuhiko, 1 ♀ ( BPBM); Okinawa (paddy fields), 17–20. VIII. 1980, P. S. Cranston, 1 ♂ ( BMNH). LAOS: Pakse, Xedone Riv., 12–14. V. 1965, P. D. Ashlock, 1 ♀, 2 ♂; Vientiane, 8. V. 1965, P. D. Ashlock, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ ( BPBM). MALAYSIA: Kedah: Kuala Kedah, 2. I. 1973, A. E. Stubbs, 3 ♂; Perak: Teluk Intan, 29. VI. 1982, H.P. Mardi, 1 ♀ ( BMNH) Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, 22. XII. 1937, G. H. Crockett, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BMNH); Sarawak: Santubong, 143' N 11019 'E, 27.X.–3.XI. 1976, P. S. Cranston, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (all BMNH); 20 km SE Sebuyau, Tuba N. Forest clearing at longehouse, 15–22. I. 1979, Gärdenfors, Hall, Hansson, Samuelson, 1 ♂ ( MZLU); Sabah: Kudat, 13. IX. 1927, 1 ♀ ( BMNH); Penang Is. (ex dd. Achatina fulica ), 6. V. 1975, R.A. Beaver 1 ♀ 1♂ ( BMNH). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe: Bubia, via Lae, J.A. Sutherland, 1 ♀ ( BMNH) New Ireland: Dyaul Is., Sumuna, 9. III. 1962, Noona Dan Exp., 2 ♀; New Ireland Is., Lemkamin, 23. IV. 1962, Noona Dan Exp., 1 ♀; Manus: Hermit Ils., Luf Is., 26–27. VI. 1962, Noona Dan Exp., 2 ♀, Manus Is., Lorengau, 23. VI. 1962, Noona Dan Exp., 1 ♀ (all ZMUC). PHILIPPINES: Illuminado Calamianes Group: Iway, Cypreidae emerg., IV. 1987, M. von Tschirnhaus, 3 ♂, 11 ♀ ( FBUB); Luzon: Rodriguez (“Montalban”), III. 1914, G. Boettcher, 4 ♂, 1 ♀; Mindanao: Zamboanga, 11. XII. 1915, G. Boettcher, 1 ♀; Negros: Dumarguette, XI. 1914, G. Boettcher, 1 ♀; Isla han Samar: Catbalogan, G. Boettcher, IV. 1915, 1 ♀ ( FMNH). SINGAPORE: 1898, L. Biró, 2 ♀, 3 ♂ ( HNHM); King George V Park, forest, 17. XII. 1972, A. E. Stubbs, 4 ♂ ( BMNH). SOLOMON ISLANDS: Rennell Is., Tigoa, 22. III. 1965, T. Wolff, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ZMUC); Gizo, XII. 1980, N. L. H. Krauss, 3 ♀, 3 ♂; S. Mala Supaina, 21. V. 1934, R. A. Lever, 2 ♂, 2 ♀; Tulagi, 4. VII. 1934, R. A. Lever, 2 ♀. SRI LANKA: Central P.: Kandy District, 24. II. 1974, A. E. Stubbs & J.P. Chandler, 1 ♀; Kandy-Paradeniya, 23. V. 1918, 3 ♀ (all BMNH); Western P.: Colombo, 1. XI. 1966, P. B. Karunaratne, 2 ♀ ( ZMA), 1 ♀ ( BMNH); waste ground, swept, 19. XI. 1963, P. B. Karunaratne, 1♂, 5 ♀; Colombo-Nugegoda, 6. I. 1968, P. B. Karunaratne, 1 ♀; Matale, 31. V. 1925, 1 ♀ (all BMNH); Northern P.: Kudattanal, 9,6 km SE Point Pedro, swept on muddy ground at pond, 13. II. 1962, Lund University Ceylon Expedition P. Brinck, H. Andersson, L. Cederholm, 1 ♂; Nakarkoyil, 16 km SE Point Pedro, paddy field, 13. II. 1962, 1 ♂; Kadaimparu, 24 km N. Negombo, at shore of lagoon, 13. I. 1962, 1 ♀ ( MZLU). TAIWAN: Jiji (“ChipChip”), II. 1909, H. Sauter, 1 ♂; Kaohsiung (“Takao”), 3. V. 1907, H. Sauter, 2 ♂; V. 1912, 1 ♂; 22. III. 1907, 1 ♂; Tainan, II. 1909, H. Sauter, 1 ♀; IV. 1909, 1 ♀; X. 1908, 1 ♂ (all HNHM). THAILAND: Patani Cape, 1916, H.-M. Smith, 1 ♀ ( BMNH). TONGA: Vava'u Is., Neiafu (0–100m), I. 1980, N. L. H. Krauss, 1 ♂ ( BMNH). VANUATU: Efate Is., Vila, III 1978, N. H. L. Krauss, 1 ♂ ( ZMA), 1 ♀, 1 ♂ ( BMNH), 1♂ ( ZMUC); Erromanga I, Dillong Bay, III.1978, T. Wolff, 1 ♂ ( ZMUC); Malekula Is., Onua, III.–IV. 1929, L. E. Cheesman 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BMNH); Malekula Is., Kakotoro, 0–100 m, II. 1973, N. L. H. Krauss, 1 ♂ (all USNM). USA: Hawaii. Oahu, Honolulu, ex Achatina fulica , III 1952, D. E. Hardy, 1 ♀; Oahu, V. 1952, 1 ♀ ( HNHM); Oahu, Mt. Tantalus, XII. 1958, D. E. Hardy, 1♀ ( BMNH). VIETNAM: 14 km N Nha Ho, Phan Rang, 15. XI. 1960, C. M. Yoshimoto, 1 ♂ ( BPBM).

Distribution ( Fig. 56 ): Australasian/Oceanian: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia), Belau, Easter Island, Fiji, French Polynesia (Society Islands), Guam, Hawaiian Islands (Honolulu, Lisianski, Oahu), Marshall Island, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, Papua New Guinea, “ Samoa ”, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu. Oriental: Brunei, China (Guangdong, Fujian), India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Is.), Laos, Malaysia, Philippines (Luzon), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Palearctic: Japan (Honshu). Nearctic: United States (California). Neotropical: Bahamas, Belize, Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Virgin Islands (St. Croix)

Figures

FIGURE 56. Distribution map of Discomyza maculipennis.

FIGURES 47 – 48. Head of Discomyza maculipennis. 47. General view, anterior view. 48. Details in the central part, anterior view. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 49 – 55. Hypopygium of Discomyza maculipennis. 49. External male terminalia (epandrium, cerci and pregonostyli), ventral view. 50 – 51. left postgonostylus. 50. ventral view. 51. lateral view. 52 – 53. right postgonostylus. 52. ventral view. 53. lateral view. 54 – 55. Phallapodeme and aedeagus. 54. ventral view. 55. lateral view. Scale bar 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 57 – 59. Wings and head with mesonotum. 57. Wing of Discomyza maculipennis. 58. Wing of Discomyza similis. 59. Head with mesonotum of Discomyza maculipennis, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.5 mm.