Troglocaris (Troglocaris) anophthalmus periadriatica, Jugovic, Jure, Jalžić, Branko, Prevorčnik, Simona & Sket, Boris, 2012

Jugovic, Jure, Jalžić, Branko, Prevorčnik, Simona & Sket, Boris, 2012, Cave shrimps Troglocaris s. str. (Dormitzer, 1853), taxonomic revision and description of new taxa after phylogenetic and morphometric studies, Zootaxa 3421, pp. 1-31 : 10-11

Troglocaris (Troglocaris) anophthalmus periadriatica ssp. nov.

Synonymy: Troglocaris (Troglocaris) – the Adriatic phylogroup Zakšek et al., 2009 incl. Troglocaris schmidti auct. from Vjetrenica, p.p.; incl. T roglocaris schmidti schmidti forma typica Fage, 1937 p.p.; incl. Troglocaris anophthalmus Matjašič, 1960 .

Type locality: Bosnia and Hercegovina, Popovo polje, Zavala, cave Vjetrenica.

Type sample: Male: adult male (TA063, holotype), CL 6.0 mm, lake at the end of Blatni rov, Gornji Absolonov kanal, cave Vjetrenica, Popovo polje, Bosnia and Hercegovina, 42°50'43.21" N, 17°59'09.26" E, 18th August 2005, collected by M. Zagmajster, specimen partly dissected, preserved in 70 % ethanol. Females: 7 adult females, TA794 (CL 6.9 mm); TA795 (CL 6.0 mm); TA796 (CL 6.2 mm), Donja Vjetrenica, 26th September 1962, collected by J. Matjašič, other data as in holotype; TA798 (CL 6.0 mm); TA799 (CL 5.2 mm), TA800 (CL 7.0 mm), data as in holotype; TA801 (CL 6.6 mm), lake Duguljasto jezero, Gornji Absolonov kanal, other data as for TA798–TA800; one juvenile female, TA797 (CL 6.0 mm), data as for holotype (all specimens preserved in 70 % ethanol).

Other specimens examined: 29 adult males, CL 4.8–7.3 mm and 53 adult females, CL 5.2–8.7 mm, from 15 samples from the entire distribution area of T. (T.) a. periadriatica ( Figure 1 , Appendix C4). Voucher numbers and GenBank identification numbers for COI gene are in Appendix C4.

Diagnosis: Subspecies of T. (T.) anophthalmus with completely reduced eye and body pigmentation. Rostrum length variable, but even when rostrum longer than 45 % of CL, dorsal margin usually straight, ventral margin with 9 or less teeth, but mostly with less than 7 teeth. Antenna I article 3 length usually more than ½ of article 2 length. Pereopod III article 4 usually with three spiniform setae along inferior margin and at inferodistal angle, article 6 weakly or strongly curved in adult males. Pereopod V article 7 length usually more than 21 % (in males) and more than 17 % (in females) of article 6 length. Pereopod V only exceptionally with exopodite. Uropod exopodite width usually more than 32 % of its length. Telson usually strongly narrowed distally. Fully mature males with 2–7 retinacular hooks on pleopod I appendix interna, sometimes with a single retinacular hook or without them. Medial margin of pleopod I endopodite with short spiniform setae.

Differential description of material examined: Males (average values ± SD and [min, max values] presented from Figure 5 ; see also Appendix B1): Small bulky specimens, CL: 6.0 mm ± 0.6 mm [4.8, 7.3 mm]. Rostrum length and dentition variable, only exceptionally rostrum curved. Article 3 of antenna I long (a13a12), its length 58 ± 6 % [46, 73 %] of article 2 length. Antenna II scaphocerite wide (a2s2s1), its width 38 ± 2 % [33, 42 %] of scaphocerite length. Pereopod I article 7 long (pr1da), its length 21 ± 1 % [18, 23 %] of pereopod I length; and pereopod III article 7 of medium length (pr3da), its length 10 ± 1 % [8, 12 %] of pereopod III length. Pereopod I article 6 long (pr1che), its length 25 ± 2 % [22, 27 %] of CL. Uropod exopodite wide (u21, u2cl), its width 35 ± 2 % [32, 39 %] of uropod exopodite length, and 20 ± 2 % [17, 24 %] of CL. Pereopod V article 7 long (p5dp), its length 25 ± 2 % [21, 28 %] of pereopod V article 6 length. Telson short (te1s6), its length only 89 ± 6 % [76, 103 %] of pleonite VI length. Adult males generally with at least one (up to 7) retinacular hooks on appendix interna of pleopod I endopodite. Females (average values ± SD and [min, max values] presented from Figure 5 ; see also Appendix B2): Small bulky specimens, CL: 6.9 ± 0.7 mm [5.2, 8.7 mm]. Rostrum length and dentition variable, rostrum curved only exceptionally. Article 3 of antenna I long (a13a12), its length 55 ± 6 % [44, 69 %] of article 2 length. Antenna II scaphocerite wide (a2s2s1, a2s2cl), its width 39 ± 3 % [32, 47 %], of scaphocerite length, and 21 ± 2 % [17, 24 %] of CL. Distal articles (article 7) of chelate pereopods I and II long (pr1da, pr2da), its length 21 ± 1 % [19, 23 %] of pereopod I length, and 17 ± 1 % [15, 19 %] of pereopod II length; chelae of pereopod II relatively long (pr2che), their length 23 ± 2 % [19, 28 %] of CL. Proximal articles of chelate pereopods of medium length; length of article 4 of pereopod I (pr1ma) 24 ± 2 % [20, 26 %] of pereopod I length, and length of article 5 of pereopod II (pr2ccl) 27 ± 2 % [20, 31 %] of CL. Pereopod V article 7 long (p5dp), its length 25 ± 2 % [17, 29 %] of article 6 length. Pleonites V–VI long (s56cl), their length 85 ± 5 % [73, 97 %] of CL. Uropod exopodite wide (u21, u2cl), its width 37 ± 2 % [32, 43 %] of uropod exopodite length, and 20 ± 2 % [16, 24 %] of CL. Uropod exopodite of medium length (u1te1), its length 108 ± 6 % [98, 121 %] of telson length; telson short (te1cl, te1s56), its length 49 ± 3 % [43, 55 %] of CL, and 59 ± 3 % [54, 63 %] of pleonites V+VI length. Telson clearly narrowed distally (tes2tes1): its distal width 56 ± 7 % [43, 70 %] of proximal width. Males and females (see also Table 1): article 3 of pereopod III with 3 or less spiniform setae along its inferior margin and at inferodistal angle in over 80 % of specimens, otherwise with up to 5 spiniform setae.

Etymology: Peri- in a composite word comes from a Greek word meaning “near, around”. Accentuating its distribution area along and within the Adriatic coast and resembling the dessignation ‘Adriatic’ in the phylogenetic studies ( Zakšek et al. 2007, 2009).

Remarks: Vjetrenica is chosen as the type locality, because the population of Troglocaris s. str. living in Vjetrenica has been so often mentioned in literature. It was often regarded as belonging to the 'typical' T. anophthalmus (e.g. Matjašič, 1960) or even explicitly as being T. a. anophthalmus ( Fage 1937, as T. s. schmidti ; Franjeviċ 2006).

Distribution: The subspecies inhabits a contiguous wide area along the Adriatic coast, approximately from Otočac in Lika ( Croatia) in NW to SE of Trebinje ( Bosnia and Hercegovina) in SE. It seems to be absent from the central Velebit mountains ( Croatia), but it is present in the detached peninsula Pelješac and the islands of Brač and Ugljan. The populations W and NW of Otočac were not available for study ( Figure 1 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of eight taxa of the subgenus Troglocaris s. str., with phylogroup / subgroup designation (in brackets, as in Zakšek et al. 2009). Different symbols denote taxa, their coloration denotes method of the analysis: black – molecular and morphometric analysis; grey – morphometric analysis; white – molecular analysis.

FIGURE 5 a. The arithmetic mean and 99 % confidence interval (where N> 10) of the most discriminating morphological characters (MC) for six phylogroups of Troglocaris s. str. For explanation of MCs’ symbols, see taxonomic descriptions in the text. Note that T. (T.) a. – E-Slo contains T. (T.) a. anophthalmus (T. a. a.), T. (T.) a. intermedia (T. a. i.) and T. (T.) a. ocellata (T. a. o.); T. a. p. – T. (T.) a. periadriatica; T. a. s. – T. (T.) a. sontica, T. a. l. – T. (T.) a. legovici.