DISTICHODONTIDAE Günther, 1864

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 333-355

DISTICHODONTIDAE Günther, 1864

T Musschoot

Distichodontina Günther, 1864:280. Type genus: Distichodus Müller, Troschel, 1844 . Additional comments: Géry (1977:58) used the stem Distichod-.

Ichthyborina Günther, 1864:280. Type genus: Ichthyborus Günther, 1864 . Additional comments: Boulenger (1904b:576) changed the stem to Ichthyobor- but it is an unjustified emendation ( Ichthyoborus is preoccupied by Ichthyoborus Kaup, 1845 in birds).

Phagonina Günther, 1865a:175. Type genus: Phago Günther, 1865 . Additional comments: Eigenmann (1909b:255) changed the stem to Phag-.

Nannocharacina Günther, 1867:112. Type genus: Nannocharax Günther, 1867 .

Xenocharacinae Gill, 1893:131. Type genus: Xenocharax Günther, 1867 .

Neolebiinae Eigenmann, 1909b:253. Type genus: Neolebias Steindachner, 1894 .

Hemistichodontinae Regan, 1911:22. Type genus: Hemistichodus Pellegrin, 1900 .

Nannaethiopidi Hoedeman, 1956a:12. Type genus: Nannaethiops Günther, 1872 .

Remarks: Vari (1979:339) considered the Ichthyboridae (or Ichthyborinae) to be included within the Distichodontidae , therefore acting as first reviser in establishing priority.

BELONOPHAGO Giltay, 1929

Belonophago Giltay, 1929:271 . Type species: Belonophago hutsebouti Giltay, 1929 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Belonophago hutsebouti Giltay, 1929 Belonophago hutsebouti Giltay, 1929:272 , figure. Type locality: Buta ( Congo Belge). [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 19816. Distribution: 534, 535, 537, 540, 546 (Daget, Gosse, 1984; RMCA fish collection; CUMV fish collection). Belonophago tinanti Poll, 1939 Belonophago tinanti Poll, 1939:25 , figs. 10–11. Type locality: Léopoldville and Kunungu (Bolobo), Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo].

Syntypes: RMCA 39438 (1) Kinshasa, 41740–59 (20) Kinshasa, 43896–906 (11) Kinshasa, 44277–308 (30) Kinshasa, 52483–88 (6) Kunungu, 55104 (1) Kinshasa. [Based on the collection number, RMCA 44277–308 should contain 32 syntypes. However, a count of the specimens revealed only 30 are present, with a note mentioning that a single specimen was exchanged with the BMNH. The exchanged specimen agrees to BMNH 1939.3.20.1, but it cannot be determined if this specimen was (still) part of the syntype series as used for the description of B. tinanti , despite it being exchanged as a specimen of B. hutsebouti ].

Distribution: 535, 546, 548 (Poll, 1939; Daget, Gosse, 1984; RMCA fish collection; SMF fish collection).

CONGOCHARAX Matthes, 1964

Congocharax Matthes, 1964b:75 . Type species: Hemigrammocharax olbrechtsi Poll, 1954 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Congocharax olbrechtsi (Poll, 1954)

Hemigrammocharax olbrechtsi Poll, 1954:59 , fig. 3. Type locality: Yangambi , riv. Lusambila, Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 77451 .

Distribution: 537 (Poll, 1954; Matthes, 1964b; Daget, Gosse, 1984).

DISTICHODUS Müller, Troschel, 1844

Distichodus Müller, Troschel, 1844:87 . Type species: Characinus nefasch Lacepède, 1803 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Distichodomicrura Fowler, 1936:266 . Type species: Distichodus maculatus Boulenger, 1898 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Distichodus .

Distichodura Fowler, 1936:266 . Type species: Distichodus affinis Günther, 1873 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Distichodus .

Distichodus affinis Günther, 1873

Distichodus affinis Günther, 1873:144 . Type locality: River Congo, Angola. [Type locality given as “Boma, lower Congo, Congo (Brazzaville)” in the BMNH (now NHMUK) online collection database (although Boma is not located in Congo-Brazzaville but in the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and as “Boma” in Fricke et al. (2022). Boma is located on the right bank of the lower Congo River in Democratic Republic of the Congo, whose lower section (downstream from Matadi and including the section where Boma is located) forms the border between Angola (left bank) and Democratic Republic of the Congo (right bank)]. Holotype: BMNH 1873.7 .28.24.

Distichodus abbreviatus Peters, 1877b:845 . Type locality: Congo. Holotype: ZMB 9835 .

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 539, 540, 541, 546, 548, 550 (Daget, Gosse, 1984; RMCA fish collection).

Distichodus altus Boulenger, 1899

Distichodus altus Boulenger, 1899b:80 , Pl. 35 (fig. 1). Type locality: Lac Léopold II ( Kutu et Utanda), Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.9 . 26.113 (1) Ibali; RMCA 733 to 734 (1, 1).

Distribution: 520, 534, 535, 537, 546, 547, 548 (Pellegrin, 1904b; Daget, Gosse, 1984; RMCA fish collection; MNHN fish collection; AMNH fish collection).

Distichodus antonii Schilthuis, 1891

Distichodus antonii Schilthuis, 1891:89 . Type locality: Bayari-sea , Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: BMNH 1899.9 .6.10. [See Moelants et al. (2014) for notes on the identification of the holotype].

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 539, 540, 545, 546, 548, 549, 550 (Moelants et al., 2014).

Distichodus atroventralis Boulenger, 1898

Distichodus atroventralis Boulenger, 1898b:28 , Pl. 13 (fig. 2). Type locality: Boma (2) et Lac Bayari (1), Bas Congo. [Lectotype from: “ DRC: Lake Bayari, Congo River, Lower Congo”. Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Lectotype: BMNH 1891.12 .29.13. [Designated by Moelants et al., 2018:182].

Distribution: 534, 535, 537, 540, 546, 548, 549, 550 (Moelants et al., 2014; Boulenger, 1909a; Gosse, 1968).

Remarks: Redescription of species presented by Moelants et al., 2018.

Distichodus brevipinnis Günther, 1864

Distichodus brevipinnis Günther, 1864:361 . Type locality: Chartoum , Upper Nile. [ Sudan]. Syntypes: BMNH 1862.6.17.104–106 (3).

Distribution: 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 516, 520, 522 (Gosse, Coenen, 1990; Gosse et al., 2003).

Distichodus decemmaculatus Pellegrin, 1926

Distichodus decemmaculatus Pellegrin, 1926:160 . Type locality: Kunungu (bassin du Congo), Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 19697 .

Distribution: 535, 537, 540, 546 (David, Poll, 1937; Lambert, 1961; Stiassny et al., 2021a).

Distichodus engycephalus Günther, 1864

Distichodus engycephalus Günther, 1864:361 . Type locality: Chartoum , Upper Nile. [ Sudan]. Syntypes: BMNH 1862.6.17.80–81 (2).

Distichodus touteei Pellegrin, 1906d:472 . Type locality: Niger: entre Gaya, Boussa et Badjibo. [Niger River between Gaya (Niger), Boussa (= Bussa, Nigeria) and Badjibo (upstream from Jebba, Nigeria)]. Syntypes: MNHN 1900-0103 to 0105 (3).

Distribution: 505, 506, 507, 508, 516, 517, 518, 520, 522, 523 (Gosse et al., 2003; Vari, 2007; Boulenger, 1907c).

Distichodus fasciolatus Boulenger, 1898

Distichodus fasciolatus Boulenger, 1898b:28 , Pl. 14. Type locality: Boma , Manyanga, Léopoldville (bassin du Congo). [Lectotype from: “Boma ( DRC) (± 5°50’S, 13°03’E)”. Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Lectotype: RMCA 23 . [Designated by Moelants et al. (2014)].

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 540, 541, 545, 546, 548, 549, 550 (Kisekelwa et al., 2020; Moelants et al., 2014).

Distichodus hypostomatus Pellegrin, 1900

Distichodus hypostomatus Pellegrin, 1900b:351 . Type locality: Adouma (Ogôoué), Congo français. [ Gabon]. Syntypes: MNHN 1886-0369 to 0371 (3).

Distribution: 532, 533 (Vari, 2007).

Remarks: Distichodus hypostomatus Vaillant in Rivière 1886 is an unavailable name.

Distichodus ingae Moelants, Snoeks, 2018

Distichodus ingae Moelants, Snoeks , in Moelants , Snoeks , Vreven , 2018:189, figs. 5a,b, 11. Type locality: DRC, Congo River near Inga, a few km upstream and on the opposite side of river from Inga hydroelectric dam, 5°27’30”S, 13°36’00”E. [ Democratic Republic of Congo]. Holotype: MCZ 50439 .

Distribution: 549 (Moelants et al., 2018).

Distichodus kasaiensis Vreven, Moelants, Snoeks, 2018

Distichodus kasaiensis Vreven, Moelants, Snoeks , in Moelants , Snoeks , Vreven , 2018:187, figs. 9–10. Type locality: DRC: Lukoshi River above and below rapids of Mukanda or Kamakamaka, Lulua subbasin, approximately 14.5 km in a straight line SSW of Kasaji, 10°30’44”S, 23°23’08”E. [Democratic Republic of Congo]. Holotype: RMCA B2-030 - P-1389 .

Distribution: 546 (Moelants et al., 2018).

Distichodus kolleri Holly, 1926

Distichodus kolleri Holly, 1926:158 . Type locality: Sanaga und Bam-fluss, einem Nebenflusse des Sanaga in Kamerun. [“Sanaga and Bam River, an affluent of the Sanaga in Cameroon ”]. Syntypes: NMW 7167 (1), 7168–72 (5).

Distichodus vexillifer Pellegrin, 1927a:139 . Type locality: Noun, près de Bafousam (Cameroun) et Nanga-Tboko (Moyenne Sanaga-Cameroun). [Noun, near Bafousam and Nanga-Tboko (middle Sanaga River) in Cameroon]. Syntypes: MNHN 1927-0087 to 0089 (1, 1, 1) Noun River , 1927-0090 (1) Sanaga River. [Based on the online collection database of the MNHN, MNHN 1927-0087 to 0089 were collected at Bafousan (Sanaga River basin, Cameroon) and MNHN 1927-0090 was collected at Nanga-Eboko (Sanaga River basin, Cameroon)].

Distribution: 505 (Vari, 2007).

Distichodus langi Nichols, Griscom, 1917

Distichodus langi Nichols, Griscom, 1917:687 , Pl. 69. Type locality: Faradje , Belgian Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: AMNH 5915 .

Distribution: 536, 537, 540, 541 (Kisekelwa et al., 2020; Abwe et al., 2019; Moelants et al., 2014).

Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis, 1891

Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis, 1891:90 . Type locality: Bayari-sea. [The type locality given with the original description is “Bayari-Sea”, while the introductory part of the publication mentioned that the specimens reported upon originated from “Boma, lower Congo, and for the greater part from Kinshassa, Stanley Pool, upper Congo, near Brazzaville”. Democratic Republic of Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1891.12.29.13 (1), 1899.9.6.11 (1). [(1) BMNH 1898.11.17.18–19 (2), listed as syntypes in Daget, Gosse (1984) and Eschmeyer (1998), are not type specimens. They are much larger than those mentioned in the original description of the species (240–360 mm TL versus at most 168 mm TL, respectively) and are from another collector (“Pres? by the Secretary of State, Congo Free State ”, versus collected by Mr. A Greshoff). In addition, the larger specimens originated from “Manyanga” and were originally registered in the BMNH collection as D. leptorhynchus Boulenger, 1897 . (2) BMNH 1891.12.29.13, which is here identified as the smaller of the two syntypes mentioned in the original description of D. lusosso , measuring about 63.5 mm SL, is also syntype of D. atroventralis Boulenger 1898 . BMNH 1899.9.6.11, although slightly smaller than the size given in the original description (about 152 mm TL instead of 168 mm TL), is believed to be the larger of the two syntypes. Both BMNH 1891.12.29.13 and BMNH 1899.9.6.11 are catalogued in the BMNH register as types, the former from “lower Congo”, the latter from “Kinshassa, Stanley Pool”].

Distichodus leptorhynchus Boulenger, 1897b:425 . Type locality: Stanley Falls , upper Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: BMNH 1897.9 .30.17.

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 539, 540, 541, 545, 546, 548, 549 (Daget, Gosse, 1984; Ibala Zamba, 2010; RMCA fish collection).

Remarks: Vernacular name: Lusosso. Distichodus fasciatus Vaillant in Rivière 1886 is an unavailable name.

Distichodus maculatus Boulenger, 1898

Distichodus maculatus Boulenger, 1898b:27 , Pl. 13 (fig. 1). Type locality: Manyanga , Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 86 .

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 540, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 548, 549 (Daget, Gosse, 1984; RMCA fish collection; Eccles, 1992).

Distichodus mbiniensis Schmidt, Knobloch, Barrientos, 2021

Distichodus mbiniensis Schmidt, Knobloch, Barrientos, 2021:305 , fig. 7. Type locality: Equatorial Guinea, Wele-Nzas, Rio Ntoro at Aconibe Acurenam Rd. , 668 m elev, 1.29091°N, 10.9174°E. Holotype: USNM 451317 .

Distribution: 533 (Schmidt et al., 2021).

Distichodus microps Schmidt, Knobloch, Barrientos, 2021

Distichodus microps Schmidt, Knobloch, Barrientos, 2021:301 , fig. 5. Type locality: Equatorial Guinea, Litoral, Rio Mbia at Menzong , 32 m elev, 2.07529°N, 9.92378°E. Holotype: USNM 451325 .

Distribution: 533 (Schmidt et al., 2021).

Distichodus mossambicus Peters, 1852

Distichodus mossambicus Peters, 1852:275 . Type locality: Mossambique. [ Daget , Gosse (1984) specify the type locality as “ Tette, Zambezi River ”. Mozambique]. Syntypes: ZMB 3564 (1), 6613 (1).

Distichodus macrolepis Günther, 1864:362 . Type locality: Shire River , near the island of Dakanamois. [ Malawi]. Holotype: BMNH 1864.1 .9.62 (skin).

Distribution: 558, 561, 576 (Skelton, 2001; Moelants et al., 2014).

Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre, 1788)

Salmo nefasch Bonnaterre, 1788:169 . Type locality: Nile. [Type locality is probably situated in Egypt: Bonnaterre (1788) mentions the specific name “nefasch” is used in reference to the common name for the species as used by the Egyptians]. No types known.

Salmo aegyptius Gmelin, 1789:1386 . Type locality: Aegypto. [ Egypt]. No types known.

Characinus nefasch Lacepède, 1803:270 . Type locality: Nile River. No types known. Bertin (1948) incorrectly attributed type status to the following specimens: MNHN A-8603 and 9878 (2, dry), MNHN A-9587 (1), A-9588 (4), A-7929 (1), A-9879 to A-9881 (1, 1, 1, 1), A-8602 (1).

Distichodus rudolphi Günther, 1896a:223 . Type locality: Lake Rudolf [Lake Turkana]. Syntypes: ANSP 14559 (1), BMNH 1895.12 .31.71 (1).

Distribution: 522, 523, 530 (Boulenger, 1907c; Lévêque et al., 1991; Daget, Gosse, 1984).

Remarks: Salmo niloticus Hasselquist, 1762 is an unavailable name.

Distichodus noboli Boulenger, 1899

Distichodus noboli Boulenger, 1899b:81 , Pl. 35 (fig. 2). Type locality: Kutu (Lac Léopold II), Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 735 .

Distribution: 534, 535, 537, 538, 546, 547, 548 (Daget, Gosse, 1984; RMCA fish collection; CUMV fish collection; SMF fish collection; Boulenger, 1909a; Matthes, 1964b).

Distichodus notospilus Günther, 1867

Distichodus notospilus Günther, 1867:114 [6]. Type locality: Gaboon [ Gabon]. Syntypes: BMNH 2013.4.17.2–4 (3).

Distribution: 505, 532, 533, 534, 537, 546, 550 (Vari, 2007; RMCA fish collection; Daget, Gosse, 1984; Schmidt et al., 2021:309).

Remarks: Geographic variation and biogeography discussed by Schmidt et al., 2021.

Distichodus petersii Pfeffer, 1896

Distichodus petersii Pfeffer, 1896:41 . Type locality: Kingani-Fluss , Deutsch Ostafrika. [“Kingani River, German East Africa”. Tanzania]. Syntypes: BMNH 1908.1 . 27.3 (1), ZMH H473 , ZMB 13677 (4).

Distichodus albini Steindachner, 1914b:537 . Type locality: Deutsch-Ostafrika. [ Steindachner (1916) provided a more elaborate description of the species, including details on the type locality: “ Ulanga-Fluss bei Ifakara , Deutsch-Ostafrika ” (Ulanga River near Ifakara, German East Africa = Tanzania)]. Holotype: NMW 68682 .

Distribution: 564 (Daget, Gosse, 1984).

Distichodus polli Abwe, Snoeks, Chocha Manda, Vreven, 2019

Distichodus polli Abwe, Snoeks, Chocha Manda, Vreven, 2019:86 , figs. 5, 6a. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kasaï-Oriental Province , Kasai basin: Bushimaie River, Lula, approximately 7°20’ S 23°08’ E. Holotype: RMCA 153493 .

Distribution: 545, 546 (Abwe et al., 2019).

Distichodus rostratus Günther, 1864

Distichodus rostratus Günther, 1864:360 . Type locality: Lower Nile River and West Africa. Syntypes: BMNH uncat. (stuffed, apparently lost) West Africa , BMNH 1861.9 .9.25 (1) Lower Nile .

Distichodus martini Steindachner, 1870:549 [17], Pl. 3 (figs. 2–2a). Type locality: Dagana und Podor, Senegal. Syntypes: NMW 68683 (9), 77251 (6).

Distribution: 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 520, 521, 522, 523 (Gosse et al., 2003; Vari, 2007; Boulenger, 1907c).

Distichodus rufigiensis Norman, 1922

Distichodus rufigiensis Norman, 1922:686 . Type locality: Mpanganye , Rufigi River, Tanganyika Territory. [ Tanzania]. Syntypes: BMNH 1922.4.18.15–17 (3).

Distribution: 564 (Daget, Gosse, 1984).

Distichodus schenga Peters, 1852

Distichodus schenga Peters, 1852:276 . Type locality: Mossambique. [ Daget , Gosse (1984) specify the type locality as “ Tette, Zambezi River,” Mozambique]. Syntypes: ZMB 3565 (now 3).

Distribution: 558, 561, 576 (Skelton, 2001).

Distichodus sexfasciatus Boulenger, 1897

Distichodus sexfasciatus Boulenger, 1897b:425 . Type locality: Stanley Falls , upper Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: BMNH 1897.9 .30.16.

Distichodus tanganicae Worthington, Ricardo, 1937:1083 , fig. 2. Type locality: Lake Tanganyika. [The lack of details on the type locality is explained in the original description, stating that “it is extremely unfortunate, however, that Christy’s note-books have been mislaid, so that there are practically no data as the where, when, or how the fish were caught”]. Holotype: BMNH 1936.6 .15.411.

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 539, 540, 541, 542, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550 (RMCA fish collection; Boulenger, 1909a; Poll, 1939; Poll, 1953; Daget, Stauch, 1963; Poll, 1967; Gosse, 1968; Poll, 1976; Roberts, Stewart, 1976; Banister, Bailey, 1979; Vivien, 1991; Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2013; Kisekelwa et al., 2020).

Distichodus teugelsi Mamonekene, Vreven, 2008

Distichodus teugelsi Mamonekene, Vreven, 2008:99 , fig. 1. Type locality: Republic of Congo: Congo River basin: Léfini River , 3km upstream of confluence with the Louna River, Réserve Naturelle Lésio-Louna, 3°00’S, 15°30’E. Holotype: RMCA 2004-46 - P-0005 .

Distribution: 534, 537 (Mamonekene, Vreven, 2008).

DUNDOCHARAX Poll, 1967

Dundocharax Poll, 1967:129 . Type species: Dundocharax bidentatus Poll, 1967 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Dundocharax bidentatus Poll, 1967

Dundocharax bidentatus Poll, 1967:129 , fig. 54. Type locality: Riv. Lucoge, Angola. Holotype: MD 6500 .

Distribution: 546 (Poll, 1967; Daget, Gosse, 1984).

EUGNATHICHTHYS Boulenger, 1898

Eugnathichthys Boulenger, 1898b:25 . Type species: Eugnathichthys eetveldii Boulenger, 1898 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Eugnathichthys eetveldii Boulenger, 1898 Eugnathichthys eetveldii Boulenger, 1898b:26 , Pl. 12. Type locality: Léopoldville,

Boma, Nouvelle-Anvers et Upoto, Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.17.8–9 (2) Leopoldville; RMCA 26 (1) Boma, 121 (1) Leopoldville, 148 (1) Upoto.

Eugnathichthys intermedius Pappenheim , in Pappenheim , Boulenger , 1914:234, Pl. 4 (fig. 5). Type locality: Aruwimi bei Basoko, Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: ZMB 19043 .

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 545, 546, 548, 549, 550 (RMCA fish collection; AMNH fish collection; Boulenger, 1898b; Poll, 1939; Daget, Stauch, 1963; Gosse, 1968; Poll, 1976; Banister, Bailey, 1979; Stiassny et al., 2013; Nichols, Griscom, 1917).

Eugnathichthys macroterolepis Boulenger, 1899

Eugnathichthys macroterolepis Boulenger, 1899b:75 , Pl. 34 (fig. 1). Type locality: Chiloango. [ The BMNH online collection database specifies the type locality as the “ Loange River , Belgian Congo”. The Loange River is a tributary of the Chiloango in Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: BMNH 1899.6 .28.16.

Distribution: 532, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 545, 546, 548, 549, 550 (RMCA fish collection; Boulenger, 1909a; Poll, 1976; Matthes, 1964b; David, Poll, 1937; Nichols, Griscom, 1917; Daget, Stauch, 1963; Gosse, 1968; Vivien, 1991; Vari, 2007; Stiassny et al., 2013; Kisekelwa et al., 2020).

Eugnathichthys virgatus Stiassny, Denton, Monsembula Iyaba, 2013

Eugnathichthys virgatus Stiassny, Denton, Monsembula Iyaba, 2013:483 , figs. 3–5A. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo, Equateur Province , Luilaka River at confluence of small stream flowing out of Salonga National Park, 2.6713°S, 21.71452°E. Holotype: AMNH 241648 .

Distribution: 534, 537 (Stiassny et al., 2013).

ICHTHYBORUS Günther, 1864

Ichthyborus Günther, 1864:362 . Type species: Ichthyborus microlepis Günther, 1864 . Type by subsequent designation by Jordan (1919b). Gender : Masculine.

Psalidostoma Kner, 1864:99 . Type species: Psalidostoma caudimaculatum Kner, 1864 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Neuter. Additional comments: Preoccupied by Psalidostoma Minding, 1832 in fishes, replaced by Onouphrios Whitley, 1951a .

Neoborus Boulenger, 1899b:78 . Type species: Neoborus ornatus Boulenger, 1899 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Preoccupied by Neoborus Distant, 1884 in Hemiptera , replaced by Phagoborus Myers, 1924b .

Phagoborus Myers, 1924b:397 . Type species: Neoborus ornatus Boulenger, 1899 . Type by being a replacement name. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Replacement for Neoborus Boulenger, 1899 preoccupied by Neoborus Distant, 1884 in Hemiptera .

Gavialocharax Pellegrin, 1927b:390 . Type species: Gavialocharax monodi Pellegrin, 1927 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Ra Whitley, 1931:334. Type species: Ichthyborus microlepis Günther, 1864 . Type by being a replacement name. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Unneeded replacement for Ichthyborus Günther, 1864 , not preoccupied (Daget, Gosse, 1984:197).

Onouphrios Whitley, 1951a:68 . Type species: Psalidostoma caudimaculatum Kner, 1865 . Type by being a replacement name. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Replacement for Psalidostoma Kner, 1864 preoccupied by Psalidostoma Minding, 1832 in fishes.

Ichthyborus besse (Joannis, 1835)

Characinus besse Joannis, 1835 :no page number, Pl. 10. Type locality: Nil , Egypte [Nile, Egypt]. Syntypes: MNHN A-9721 (2, poor condition).

Ichthyborus microlepis Günther, 1864:363 . Type locality: Chartoum , Upper Nile. [ Sudan]. Syntypes: BMNH 1863.3.9.22–23 (2).

Psalidostoma caudimaculatum Kner, 1864:100 , Pl. Type locality: Weissen Nil. [White Nile River]. Holotype: lost.

Ichthyoborus besse congolensis Giltay, 1930:395 , figs. 2–3. Type locality: Nyonga (Haut-Luapula, Congo Belge). [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 20555 .

Distribution: 505, 520, 522, 523, 524, 540 (Boulenger, 1907c; Gosse et al., 2003; Decru et al., 2017).

Ichthyborus monodi (Pellegrin, 1927)

Gavialocharax monodi Pellegrin, 1927b:391 . Type locality: Yabassi , Cameroun. [ Cameroon]. Syntypes: MNHN 1926-0289 to 0291 (1, 1, 1).

Distribution: 506, 517, 518 (Gosse et al., 2003; Vari, 2007).

Ichthyborus ornatus (Boulenger, 1899)

Neoborus ornatus Boulenger, 1899b:78 , Pl. 34 (fig. 4). Type locality: Bikoro (lac Tumba ) et Kutu (lac Léopold II), Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.9 . 26.85 (1) Kutu , RMCA 712 to 715 (1, 1, 1, 1).

Distribution: 534, 535, 537, 538, 540, 546, 547, 548 (RMCA fish collection; CUMV fish collection; Boulenger, 1899b; Pellegrin, 1928b; David, Poll, 1937; Poll, 1959; Daget, Stauch, 1963; Gosse, 1968; Decru et al., 2017).

Remarks: Ichthyoborus taeniatus Vaillant in Rivière, 1886 is an unavailable name.

Ichthyborus quadrilineatus (Pellegrin, 1904)

Neoborus quadrilineatus Pellegrin, 1904a:219 . Type locality: Casamance, à la hauteur de Kolibantan, Guinée portugaise. [ Guinea-Bissau]. Holotype: MNHN 1904- 0054 .

Distribution: 509, 511 (Gosse et al., 2003).

MESOBORUS Pellegrin, 1900

Mesoborus Pellegrin, 1900a:178 . Type species: Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin, 1900 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Champsoborus Boulenger, 1909d:187 . Type species: Champsoborus pellegrini Boulenger, 1909 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin, 1900

Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin, 1900a:179 . Type locality: Diélé sur l’Alima , Congo français. [ Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: MNHN 1886-0377 .

Champsoborus pellegrini Boulenger, 1909d:187 . Type locality: Bumba River at Assobam , South Cameroon; Ubanghi River. [No information is provided on the exact origin of the Ubanghi River specimen in the original description, but the RMCA fish collection specifies that it comes from “Banzyville, river Ubangi, Etat Indépendent du Congo”. Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1909.7.9.47–48 (2), RMCA 1301 (1).

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 539, 540, 541, 546, 548 (RMCA fish collection; Vivien, 1991; Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2013; Kisekelwa et al., 2020).

MICROSTOMATICHTHYOBORUS Nichols, Griscom, 1917

Microstomatichthyoborus Nichols, Griscom, 1917:685 . Type species: Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Nichols, Griscom, 1917 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Tristichodus Boulenger, 1920b:19 . Type species: Tristichodus christyi Boulenger, 1920 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Nichols, Griscom, 1917

Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Nichols, Griscom, 1917:685 , fig. 6. Type locality: Poko , Belgian Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: AMNH 6329 .

Tristichodus christyi Boulenger, 1920b:20 , fig. 8. Type locality: Poko , Congo belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1919.9 . 10.141 (1), RMCA 7160 (1).

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 540, 546 (RMCA fish collection; CUMV fish collection; Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2013).

Microstomatichthyoborus katangae David, Poll, 1937

Microstomatichthyoborus katangae David , Poll, 1937:212, fig. 10. Type locality: Nionga, Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 23159 . [In the original description, a total of 213 specimens are cited: 20 (“including the type”) from Nionga, 171 (“ paratypes ”) from Nionga, 18 from Kabelwe (agrees with RMCA 27054–27069 (16) and 27822–27823 (2)) and 5 from Kabalo (agrees with RMCA 23211-2315 ). Following the ICZN, 1999: Art. 73.1, the use of “the type” is a holotype designation. In addition, the use of “ paratypes ” for the other type specimens is an additional argument to believe that the authors wanted to designate a holotype. A closer look at the specimens in the RMCA collection revealed that RMCA 23159–168 (10 specimens from Nyonga, labelled as syntypes in the RMCA database) contained a tube with a single specimen, with a note saying “type (expl. figure).” Although this specimen is smaller than the 54mm given below the figure in the original description, as are all specimens in this lot, its coloration pattern matches the photograph, and it is to be treated as the holotype. 189 remaining paratype specimens from Nyonga were counted (which is lower than the expected number of specimens based on the collection numbers), including the remaining “ syntypes ” from RMCA 23159–168 (9), another lot labelled as “ syntypes ” ( RMCA 23169–178 ;10) and 20 other lots, while the original publication gives 190. All these Nyonga specimens are to be treated as paratypes].

Distribution: 540, 545 (RMCA fish collection; David, Poll, 1937).

MONOSTICHODUS Vaillant, 1886

Monostichodus Vaillant , in Rivière, 1886:17. Type species: Monostichodus elongatus Vaillant, 1886 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Hemistichodus Pellegrin, 1900b:352 . Type species: Hemistichodus vaillanti Pellegrin, 1900 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Remarks: Taxonomic status of Monostichodus and Hemistichodus is discussed by Musschoot, Snoeks, 2016.

Monostichodus elongatus Vaillant, 1886

Monostichodus elongatus Vaillant , in Rivière, 1886:17. Type locality: Not specified. [Type locality not specified, but all fishes in the original description originated from either the Ogôoué River (Franceville or Adoumas) or the Congo River basin (Mokaka on the Sangua River, Alima River, Nganchou or Brazzaville). No types known.

Hemistichodus vaillanti Pellegrin, 1900b:352 . Type locality: Adouma (Ogôoué), Congo français. [Ogooué River at Adouma, Gabon]. Holotype: MNHN 1886- 0376 .

Distribution: 532 (Vari, 2007).

Remarks: Taxonomic status is discussed by Musschoot, Snoeks (2016).

Monostichodus lootensi (Poll, Daget, 1968)

Hemistichodus lootensi Poll, Daget, 1968:1060 . Type locality: Nkombo , Coquilhatville, Congo central. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 78571 .

Distribution: 537, 538, 546, 548 (RMCA fish collection; Poll, Daget, 1968; Stiassny et al., 2021a).

Monostichodus mesmaekersi (Poll, 1959)

Hemistichodus mesmaekersi Poll, 1959:85 , Pl. 16 (fig. 2A). Type locality: Riv. noire, chenal du Stanley Pool, Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 118973 .

Distribution: 534, 537, 538, 540, 546 (RMCA fish collection; CUMV fish collection; Poll, 1959; Decru et al., 2017; Stiassny et al., 2021a).

NANNAETHIOPS Günther, 1872

Nannaethiops Günther, 1872a:669 . Type species: Nannaethiops unitaeniatus Günther, 1872 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Nannaethiops bleheri Géry, Zarske, 2003 Nannaethiops bleheri Géry, Zarske, 2003:39 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Tata Lake in einem Abfluss des Baro River (abfliessend in den Sawba River) nahe Gési, westlich von Aganga, Gambela district, südwestliches Äthiopien, stromgebiet des oberen Weissen Nil nahe der Grenze zum Sudan. [ Ethiopia]. Holotype: MTD F 24823 . Distribution: 522 (Géry, Zarske, 2003).

Nannaethiops unitaeniatus Günther, 1872

Nannaethiops unitaeniatus Günther, 1872a:670 , Pl. 65 (fig. C). Type locality: Gaboon [ Gabon]. Lectotype: BMNH 1872.1 .27.8. [Designated by Poll, Gosse (1963a)].

Distribution: 505, 506, 518, 520, 532, 533, 534, 550 (Poll, Gosse, 1963a; Gosse et al., 2003; Vari, 2007; RMCA fish collection).

NANNOCHARAX Günther, 1867

Nannocharax Günther, 1867:112 . Type species: Nannocharax fasciatus Günther, 1867 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Hemigrammocharax Pellegrin, 1923:115 (footnote). Type species: Nannocharax ocellicauda Boulenger, 1907 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Nannocharax .

Microdistichodus Pellegrin, 1926:161 . Type species: Microdistichodus uniocellatus Pellegrin, 1926 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Thrissocharax Myers, 1926d:174 . Type species: Nannocharax ocellicauda Boulenger, 1907 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Hemigrammonannocharax Holly, 1930:198 , 233. Type species: Nannocharax ocellicauda Boulenger, 1907 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Distichodina Fowler, 1935:260 . Type species: Distichodus stigmaturus Fowler, 1935 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Distichodus .

Lepinannocharax Fowler, 1936:271 . Type species: Nannocharax pteron Fowler, 1936 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Nannocharax .

Nannocharax altus Pellegrin, 1930

Nannocharax altus Pellegrin, 1930:203 . Type locality: Kouilou , Afrique équatoriale française. [Based on the introductory part of the original description, the species was probably collected in the upper Kouilou-Niari basin (including the rivers Louessé, Loula, Lali and Bouenza) in Republic of Congo (= Congo-Brazzaville)]. Syntypes: MNHN 1929-0242 (17, now 16); RMCA 20646 (1) ;? MSNM 2018 (1), USNM 92963 (1).

Distribution: 532 (Vari, 2007).

Nannocharax angolensis (Poll, 1967)

Hemigrammocharax angolensis Poll, 1967:121 , fig. 51. Type locality: Poste de Cuílo , Xá-Ua, riv. Luíta, 8°02’S, 19°25’E, Angola. Holotype: MD 6222 .

Distribution: 546 (RMCA fish collection; Poll, 1967).

Nannocharax ansorgii Boulenger, 1911

Nannocharax ansorgii Boulenger, 1911a:374 . Type locality: Geba and Culufi Rivers, Portuguese Guinea. [ Guinea-Bissau]. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.4.1.78–82 (5), 1912.4.1.83–87 (5);? MCZ 31505 (1) ; RMCA 7095 (1) ; USNM 92960 (1) ; ZMB 18445 (6) Culufi River . [Although Fricke et al. (2022) mentioned that USNM 92960 (labelled as cotype in the USNM online collection database) was formerly a specimen registered under BMNH 1912.4.11.373-382, the latter lot (or the remaining specimens from this lot) could not be traced in the Natural History Museum in London (J. Maclaine, pers. comm.)] .

Hemigrammocharax polli Roman, 1966:81 , Pl. 6 (fig. 12). Type locality: Le Kou, affluent de la Volta Noire, à 30 km au Nord de Bobo-Dioulasso , République de Haute Volta. [ Burkina Faso]. Holotype: RMCA 141464 .

Distribution: 505, 507, 508, 509, 511, 514, 515, 516, 520, 535 (Gosse et al., 2003; RMCA fish collection).

Nannocharax brevis Boulenger, 1902

Nannocharax brevis Boulenger, 1902c:27 , Pl. 8 (fig. 2). Type locality: L’Ubangi à Banzyville, Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1901.12 . 26.21 (1), RMCA 1282 (1) , 1282A (1).

Distribution: 535, 536, 537, 539, 540, 545, 546, 549 (RMCA fish collection; Boulenger, 1909a; David, Poll, 1937; Depasse, 1956; Lambert, 1961; Gosse, 1968; Gosse, 1963; Poll, 1976; Mbimbi Mayi Munene et al., 2021).

Nannocharax dageti Jerep, Vari, Vreven, 2014

Nannocharax dageti Jerep, Vari, Vreven, 2014:362 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Kando , 10°48’ S 26°13’ E, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Holotype: RMCA 88846 .

Distribution: 544, 545, 546, 555, 569 (Jerep et al., 2014; Bragança et al., 2020).

Nannocharax elongatus Boulenger, 1900

Nannocharax elongatus Boulenger, 1900b:131 , Pl. 48 (fig. 3). Type locality: Haut-Congo , entre Nouvelle-Anvers et Stanley Falls, État indépendant du Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1900.12.13.26–27 (2), RMCA 263 to 268 (1,1,1,1,1,1).

Distribution: 535, 536, 537, 539, 540, 545, 546 (RMCA fish collection; Depasse, 1956; Boulenger, 1909a; Boulenger, 1920b; Pellegrin, 1928b; David, Poll, 1937; Gosse, 1963; Gosse, 1968; Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2013; Katemo Manda et al., 2021).

Nannocharax fasciatus Günther, 1867

Nannocharax fasciatus Günther, 1867:112 [4], Pl. 3 (fig. A). Type locality: Gaboon. Holotype: BMNH 1867.5.3.35.

Distribution: 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 511, 512, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 520, 534 (Daget, 1978; Vari, 2007; Gosse et al., 2003; RMCA fish collection).

Nannocharax fasciolaris Nichols, Boulton, 1927

Nannocharax fasciolaris Nichols, Boulton, 1927:3 , fig. 1. Type locality: Capelongo , Angola. Holotype: AMNH 8683 .

Distribution: 555 (Daget, Gosse, 1984).

Nannocharax gobioides Roman, 1966

Nannocharax gobioides Roman, 1966:78 , Pl. 5 (figs. 9–10). Type locality: Volta Noire , à 47 km au Nord de Bobo-Dioulasso, Haute Volta. [ Burkina Faso]. Holotype: RMCA 141442 .

Distribution: 516 (Roman, 1966).

Remarks: Nannocharax gobioides is treated as a synonym of Nannocharax fasciatus in Gosse, Coenen (1990), who refer to Coenen (1990: unpublished manuscript) for the synonymy, and in Lévêque et al. (1991), who refer to presumably the same publication from Coenen as “Coenen (in prep.)”. This synonymy is also given in Gosse et al. (2003), without the reference to Coenen (1990: unpublished manuscript), but this seems merely a repetition of the data in Gosse, Coenen (1990). As Coenen (1990) refers to a non-published draft manuscript (Erik Coenen, pers. comm.), which is presumably the same as Coenen (in prep.), any taxonomical change refering to this publication seems unsubstantiated.

Nannocharax gracilis Poll, 1939

Nannocharax gracilis Poll, 1939:30 , fig. 14. Type locality: Léopoldville , Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: RMCA 39708 (1), 39866–76 (11), 39877–919 (43), 43979 (1).

Distribution: 535, 540, 546, 548 (Poll, 1939; Poll, 1959; Lambert, 1961; Gosse, 1963).

Nannocharax hadros Katemo Manda, Snoeks, Chocha Manda, Vreven, 2021

Nannocharax hadros Katemo Manda, Snoeks, Chocha Manda, Vreven, 2021:319 , fig. 1. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo: Upemba National Park , Kalule Nord River, bridge on the road Lubudi-Luena, 9°41’36”S 25°50’52”E, 790 m a.s.l. Holotype: RMCA 2016-025 - P-0004 .

Distribution: 545 (Katemo Manda et al., 2021).

Nannocharax hastatus Jerep, Vari, 2014

Nannocharax hastatus Jerep, Vari, 2014:44 , fig. 1. Type locality: Republic of the Congo, Cuvette-Ouest , Likouala River drainage, small canal around island in Lékoli River, Odzala National Park, 0°37’14”N, 14°55’5.9”E. Holotype: CUMV 89072 .

Distribution: 534, 535, 538, 548 (Jerep, Vari, 2014).

Nannocharax hollyi Fowler, 1936

Nannocharax hollyi Fowler, 1936:271 , fig. 21. Type locality: Fort Sibut , Ubangi-Shari. [ Central African Republic]. Holotype: ANSP 65558 .

Distribution: 535 (Fowler, 1936; Daget, Gosse, 1984).

Nannocharax intermedius Boulenger, 1903

Nannocharax intermedius Boulenger, 1903a:437 . Type locality: Kribi River , southern Cameroon. Syntypes: BMNH 1903.7.28.144–147 (4).

Distribution: 505, 533, 534 (Vari, 2007; RMCA fish collection).

Nannocharax latifasciatus Coenen, Teugels, 1989

Nannocharax latifasciatus Coenen, Teugels, 1989:312 , fig. 1. Type locality: Affluent of the New Calabar River, 3 km south of Isiokpo (4°57’N, 6°53’E), Nigeria. Holotype: RMCA 88-12 - P-1 .

Distribution: 506, 518 (Gosse et al., 2003; Vari, 2007).

Nannocharax lineomaculatus Blache, Miton, 1960

Nannocharax lineomaculatus Blache, Miton, 1960:105 . Type locality: Gamsaye (Logone Inf.), Chaoué ( Bas Chari ), Logone Birni (Logone Inf.), Fort-Lamy et Zymado (Logone Inf.). [Gamsaye (lower Logone River) and Fort-Lamy are in Republic of Chad, while Chaoué (= Chawe, on the lower Chari River), Logone- Birni and Zymado (both lower Logone River) seem to be in Cameroon, on or near the border with Chad]. Syntypes: MNHN 1959-0230 (6); CEPFL 716–723 (8), CEPFL 1369–81 (13). [In the original description the MNHN specimens are cited as types and the CEPFL specimens as paratypes. They are all to be treated as syntypes (See ICZN, 1999: Art. 72.1 and 73.2)].

Distribution: 505, 507, 508, 520 (Gosse et al., 2003).

Nannocharax lineostriatus (Poll, 1967)

Hemigrammocharax lineostriatus Poll, 1967:123 , fig. 52. Type locality: Alto Cuílo, mare des rives du Cuílo, Angola. Holotype: MD 5342 .

Distribution: 546 (Poll, 1967. Skelton, 2019 also identified specimens from 551 and 555 as Nannocharax lineostriatus , but Bragança et al., 2020 use Nannocharax cf. lineostriatus for specimens from these areas.).

Nannocharax luapulae Boulenger, 1915

Nannocharax luapulae Boulenger, 1915:164 . Type locality: Rivière Luapula , à Kasenga. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 12125 .

Distribution: 540, 544, 545 (Boulenger, 1915; David, Poll, 1937; Poll, 1976).

Nannocharax machadoi (Poll, 1967)

Hemigrammocharax machadoi Poll, 1967:125 , fig. 53. Type locality: Riv. Longa, afflt. Luena , village Nharicumbi, Angola. Holotype: MD 5579 .

Distribution: 555, 556, 557, 558, 561, 569 (Skelton, 2001).

Nannocharax macropterus Pellegrin, 1926

Nannocharax macropterus Pellegrin, 1926:163 . Type locality: Mongende , Luebo ( Kasai ), Kamaiembi ( Kasai ) and Tschikapa (Kasai), Congo belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: MNHN 1925-0313 to 0315 (4); RMCA 19698 (2), 19703 (1), 19715 (1), 19616–17 (2). [(1) In the original description a total of 38 type specimens are mentioned, including 31 from Tschikapa. Pellegrin (1928b) described this species as new again with the same data as in Pellegrin (1926), but mentioned only 3 specimens from Tshikapa; presumably the count of 31 type specimens from Tshikapa in Pellegrin (1926) was a typographic error, so that the actual number of type specimens is 10. However, counting the available syntypes in collection, there are 3 from Mongende (3 reported), 4 from Luebo (only 2 reported), 1 from Kamaiembi (2 reported) and 2 from Tshikapa (3 reported). The total number of syntypes in museum collections matches the 10 types mentioned in Pellegrin (1928b), but the number of specimens for the different type localities does not. (2) RMCA 19698 was verified as containing 2 specimens. (3) the MNHN online collection database reports MNHN 1958- 0086 as a syntype, but this specimen is however not collected at one of the type localities and thus excluded from the type series].

Distribution: 535, 536, 537, 540, 546, 548, 549, 555, 556, 557, 569 (RMCA fish collection; Pellegrin, 1926; David, Poll, 1937; Poll, 1959; Lambert, 1961; Poll, 1967; Skelton, 2001; Decru et al., 2017).

Nannocharax maculicauda Vari, Géry, 1981

Nannocharax maculicauda Vari, Géry, 1981:1076 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Still side arm of the upper Ivindo River opposite Bourassié , Gabon, at the juncture of the Djouah and Karouga Rivers (approx. 1°20’N, 13°12’E). Holotype: MNHN 1981-0608 .

Distribution: 532, 533 (Vari, 2007; Jerep, Vari, 2014).

Nannocharax micros Fowler, 1936

Nannocharax micros Fowler, 1936:268 , fig. 19. Type locality: Thirty kilometers east of Kribi, Cameroons [ Cameroon]. Holotype: ANSP 65556 .

Distribution: 533 (Daget, Gosse, 1984).

Nannocharax minutus Worthington, 1933

Nannocharax minutus Worthington, 1933:40 . Type locality: Swamp near the River Luombo, Luapula system, Northern Rhodesia. [ Zambia]. Syntypes: BMNH 1932.12.16.45–54 (10).

Distribution: 544, 555 (RMCA fish collection; Worthington, 1933; Van Steenberge et al., 2014; Bragança et al., 2020).

Nannocharax monardi (Pellegrin, 1936)

Hemigrammocharax monardi Pellegrin, 1936:49 . Type locality: Kukulakazé (affluent du Kului) et Vila da Ponte (Cubango), Angola. Syntypes: MNHN 1936-0073 (2, apparently lost).

Distribution: 555 (Pellegrin, 1936).

Nannocharax multifasciatus Boulenger, 1923

Nannocharax multifasciatus Boulenger, 1923:437 . Type locality: Sesheke , R. Zambezi, Northern Rhodesia. [ Zambia]. Holotype: SAIAB 135308 .

Distichodus stigmaturus Fowler, 1935:260 , figs. 6–7. Type locality: Chobe River, below rapids, three miles from Kasane. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 30005.

Distribution: 544, 552, 553, 555, 556, 557, 569 (Daget, Gosse, 1984; van der Waal, Skelton, 1994; Skelton, 1994; Skelton, 2001).

Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis, 1835)

Coregonus niloticus Joannis, 1835 :no page number, Pl. 7. Type locality: Thèbes. [ Egypt]. Holotype: Type lost.

Nannocharax niloticus var. lateralis Werner, 1906:1130 , Pl. 3 (figs. 11, 11a). Type locality: Bahr-el-Gebel bei Mongalla. [ South Sudan]. No types known.

Nannocharax niloticus tchadensis Blache, Miton, 1961:396 . Type locality: Logone moyen, zones inondées vers Pouss et Gamsaye; Mayo Kebbi, zones des rapides en amont des Chutes Gauthiot; Logone moyen à Gabri Ngolo. [Middle Logone River, floodplain near Pouss and Gamsaye (border Republic of Chad- Cameroon); Mayo Kebbi, rapids zone upstream of the Gauthiot Falls ( Republic of Chad); middle Logone at Gabri Ngolo ( Republic of Chad)]. Syntypes: MNHN 1959-0246 (2), 1959-0347 (3), 1959-0248 (orig. 25, now 15), 1988- 1111 (10). [(1) The total number of syntypes adds up to a total of 30 specimens, while the original description seems to be based on 36 specimens. (2) the original description mentioned both “types” and paratypes, all to be treated as syntypes (See ICZN, 1999: Art. 72.1 and 73.2)]. Gosse, Coenen (1990) put N. niloticus tchadensis in synonymy with both N. occidentalis (partim) and N. lineomaculatus (partim), for which they refer to Coenen (1990: unpublished manuscript). The partim synonymy with both N. occidentalis and N. lineomaculatus is also given in Gosse et al. (2003), but this seems merely a repetition of the data in Gosse, Coenen (1990). As Coenen (1990) is a non-published draft manuscript (Erik Coenen, pers. comm.), any taxonomical change referring to this publication seems unsubstantiated. Nannocharax niloticus tchadensis is considered here to be a synonym of N. niloticus based on Daget, Gosse (1984).

Distribution: 522, 523, 524 (Boulenger, 1907c; Lévêque et al., 1991).

Nannocharax occidentalis Daget, 1959

Nannocharax niloticus occidentalis Daget, 1959:669 . Type locality: Markala, passe à poissons; Dabola, chutes du Tinkisso; Bourem, mission Augiéras-Draper. [ Markala , fish ladder ( Mali); Dabola , Tinkisso falls ( Guinea); Bourem , Augiéras-Draper mission ( Mali)]. Syntypes: MNHN 1954-0010 (3), 1928-0235 (3), 1960- 0414 (3, now 2), 1960-0415 (3), 1988-1110 (1). [The MNHN online collection database reports 3 specimens for MNHN 1960-0414 ; this is probably an error, as a single specimen was removed and relabelled as MNHN 1988-1110 . Counting only 2 specimens for MNHN 1960-0414 brings the total number of syntypes on 12, as reported in the original description]. Replacement for Nannocharax niloticus gracilis Daget, 1954 preoccupied by Nannocharax gracilis Poll, 1939 .

Nannocharax niloticus gracilis Daget, 1954:163 , fig. 51. Type locality: Markala, passe à poissons; Dabola, chutes du Tinkisso; Bourem, mission Augiéras-Draper. [Markala, fish ladder ( Mali); Dabola, Tinkisso falls ( Guinea); Bourem, Augiéras-Draper mission ( Mali)]. Syntypes: MNHN 1954-0010 (3), 1928-0235 (3), 1960-0414 (orig. 3, now 2), 1960-0415 (3), 1988-1110 (1). Preoccupied by Nannocharax gracilis Poll, 1939 , replaced by Nannocharax niloticus occidentalis Daget, 1959 (currently valid as Nannocharax occidentalis Daget, 1959 ). Gosse, Coenen (1990) put N. niloticus gracilis in synonymy with N. occidentalis (partim) and N. lineomaculatus (partim), for which they refer to Coenen (1990: unpublished manuscript). This partim synonymy with both N. occidentalis and N. lineomaculatus is also given in Gosse et al. (2003), but this seems merely a repetition of the data in Gosse, Coenen (1990). As Coenen (1990) is a non-published draft manuscript (Erik Coenen, pers. comm.), any taxonomical change referring to this publication seems unsubstantiated. Nannocharax niloticus gracilis is considered here to be a synonym of N. occidentalis only, following Daget, Gosse (1984) and Levêque et al. (1991).

Distribution: 505, 506, 507, 508, 518, 520 (Gosse et al., 2003).

Nannocharax ocellicauda Boulenger, 1907

Nannocharax ocellicauda Boulenger, 1907a:485 . Type locality: Ja River , South Cameroon. Syntypes: BMNH 1908.5.30.121–122 (2).

Distribution: 533, 534 (Vari, 2007; Jerep, Vari, 2014).

Nannocharax ogoensis Pellegrin, 1911

Nannocharax ogoensis Pellegrin, 1911:180 . Type locality: Franceville (Ogôoué), Congo français. [ Gabon]. Holotype: MNHN 1886-0397 .

Distribution: 532 (Daget, Gosse, 1984).

Nannocharax parvus Pellegrin, 1906

Nannocharax parvus Pellegrin, 1906c:469 . Type locality: Ngomo (Ogôoué), Gabon. Syntypes: BMNH 1907.4 . 27.2 (1), MNHN 1906-0194 (4).

Nannocharax parvus var. maculata Pellegrin, 1924a:285 . Type locality: Fleuve Niari , Gabon. Syntypes: MNHN 1924-0049 to 0051 (3).

Distribution: 532, 550 (Vari, 2007; RMCA fish collection; Dunz, Schliewen, 2009; Wamuini Lunkayilakio et al., 2010).

Nannocharax procatopus Boulenger, 1920

Nannocharax procatopus Boulenger, 1920b:20 , fig. 9. Type locality: Bosabangi et Poko, Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1919.9 . 10.177 (1), 1919.9.10.178 (1); RMCA 7156–57 (2) , 7165 (1).

Distribution: 534, 536, 537, 539, 540, 546 (RMCA fish collection; BMNH fish collection; Boulenger, 1920b; Pellegrin, 1928b; Poll, 1967; Decru et al., 2017; Dunz, Schliewen, 2009).

Nannocharax pteron Fowler, 1936

Nannocharax pteron Fowler, 1936:272 , fig. 22. Type locality: Fort Sibut , Ubangi-Shari. [ Central African Republic]. Holotype: ANSP 65560 .

Distribution: 535, 537 (Fowler, 1936; Daget, Gosse, 1984; Decru et al., 2017).

Nannocharax reidi Vari, Ferraris, 2004

Nannocharax reidi Vari, Ferraris, 2004:552 , fig. 1. Type locality: Cameroon, Cross River system, collecting points on southern Munaya River draining northern Korup , on Basep River at junction with Munaya River (5°49’30”N, 9°03’30”E). Holotype: USNM 304046 .

Distribution: 518 (Vari, 2007).

Nannocharax rubensteini (Jerep, Vari, 2013)

Hemigrammocharax rubensteini Jerep, Vari, 2013:31 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Republic of the Congo, Cuvette-Ouest , Likouala River drainage, Lékoli River at Mboko dock, Odzala National Park, 0°37’03”N, 14°54’27”E. Holotype: CUMV 89502 .

Distribution: 534 (Jerep, Vari, 2013).

Nannocharax rubrolabiatus Van den Bergh, Teugels, Coenen, Ollevier, 1995

Nannocharax rubrolabiatus Van den Bergh, Teugels, Coenen, Ollevier, 1995:350 , figs. 2–3. Type locality: Cameroon, Noun River , affluent of Mbam River , Sanaga basin at the bridge on the road from Bafoussam to Foumbot; 5°29’N, 10°31’E. Holotype: RMCA 94-74 - P-1 .

Distribution: 505 (Vari, 2007).

Nannocharax schoutedeni Poll, 1939

Nannocharax schoutedeni Poll, 1939:29 , fig. 13. Type locality: Léopoldville , Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: (119) RMCA 39705–07 (3), 39920–32 (13), 39933–40029 (98), 43883–86 (4), 44016 (1). [Poll (1939) mentioned 16 types and 101 cotypes which adds up to 117 syntypes. However, the number of syntypes in the RMCA collection is 119 ( RMCA 39933–40029 actually contains 98 specimens), all from the type locality and in agreement with the collector and collection date given in the original description].

Distribution: 535, 537, 546, 548 (RMCA fish collection; Gosse, 1963; Gosse, 1968; Dunz, Schliewen, 2009; Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2013; Stiassny et al., 2021).

Nannocharax seyboldi Schultz, 1942

Nannocharax seyboldi Schultz , 1942313, Pl. 35 (fig. 1). Type locality: Bellyella , Liberia. Holotype: USNM 118757 .

Distribution: 512 (Schultz, 1942; Jerep et al., 2014; Jerep, Vari, 2014).

Remarks: Nannocharax seyboldi is treated as a synonym of Nannocharax fasciatus in Gosse, Coenen (1990), who refer to Coenen (1990: unpublished manuscript) for the synonymy. This synonymy is also given in Gosse et al. (2003), without the reference to Coenen (1990: unpublished manuscript), but this seems merely a repetition of the data in Gosse, Coenen (1990). As Coenen (1990) is a non-published draft manuscript (Erik Coenen, pers. comm.), any taxonomical change referring to this publication seems unsubstantiated. Jerep et al. (2014) and Jerep, Vari (2014) included the types of N. seyboldi in a list with examined material, but did not mention the taxonomic status of the species.

Nannocharax signifer Moritz, 2010

Nannocharax signifer Moritz, 2010:290 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Benin: Forêt d’Agrimè , about 7 kilometers east of Zogbodome, Hlan River, 7°03’58”N, 2°10’56”E. Holotype: BMNH 2009.3 .2.1.

Distribution: 517 (Moritz, 2010).

Nannocharax taenia Boulenger, 1902

Nannocharax taenia Boulenger, 1902c:28 , Pl. 8 (fig. 3). Type locality: Banzyville , Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1901.12 . 26.22 (1), RMCA 1283 (1).

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 540, 546 (RMCA fish collection; Nichols, Griscom, 1917; David, Poll, 1937; Gosse, 1963; Matthes, 1964b; Dunz, Schliewen, 2009; Ibala Zamba et al., 2019).

Nannocharax uniocellatus (Pellegrin, 1926)

Microdistichodus uniocellatus Pellegrin, 1926:162 . Type locality: Mongende et Luebo (Kasai), Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: MNHN 1925-0311 (5), 1925-0312 (1); RMCA 19704–08 (5) , 19718–19 (2).

Distribution: 534, 535, 537, 540, 546, 548 (RMCA fish collection; AMNH fish collection; Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2013; Jerep et al., 2014).

Nannocharax usongo Dunz, Schliewen, 2009

Nannocharax usongo Dunz, Schliewen, 2009:10 , figs. 5a–c, 6. Type locality: Cameroon, Cross River at Mamfé, 5°46’0.00”N, 9°18’38.00”E Holotype: ZSM 35732 .

Distribution: 506, 518 (Dunz, Schliewen, 2009).

Nannocharax wittei (Poll, 1933)

Hemigrammocharax wittei Poll, 1933:122 , fig. 8. Type locality: Kando (près de Tenke): Riv. Kando, Congo Belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: RMCA 34903–18 (16), 34919–51 (33), 36247–311 (65).

Distribution: 544, 545, 546, 555 (RMCA fish collection; Poll, 1967).

Nannocharax zebra Dunz, Schliewen, 2009

Nannocharax zebra Dunz, Schliewen, 2009:5 , figs. 3a, b, 4. Type locality: Cameroon, Cross River at Mamfé, 5°46’0.00”N, 9°18’38.00”E. Holotype: ZSM 35730 .

Distribution: 506, 518 (Dunz, Schliewen, 2009).

NEOLEBIAS Steindachner, 1894

Neolebias Steindachner, 1894:78 . Type species: Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner, 1894 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Rhabdaethiops Fowler, 1936:264 . Type species: Nannaethiops tritaeniatus Boulenger, 1913 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Nannaethiops .

Micraethiops Daget, 1965:20 . Type species: Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger, 1912 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Neolebias .

Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger, 1912 Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger, 1912b:8 , Pl. 17 (fig. 3). Type locality: Marécages près de la Luculla (Congo belge) et de la Luali à Lundo (Mayombé Portugais). [Syntype locality: swamps near the Luculla River (Chiloango River basin in Belgian Congo = Democratic Republic of the Congo) and the Luali River at Lundo ( Chiloango River basin in “ Portuguese Mayombe ”, Cabinda Province of Angola). Lectotype locality: marshes near riv. Luculla , Mayumbe ( Chiloango River basin in Democratic Republic of the Congo)]. Lectotype: BMNH 1912.4 .1.276. [Designated by Poll, Gosse (1963)].

Neolebias landgrafi Ahl, 1928b:206 . Type locality: Kamerun. [ Cameroon]. Syntypes: ZMB 31686–87 (2, 5).

Nannaethiops geisleri Hoedeman, 1956b:260 , fig. Type locality: Congo-Gebiet. [Holotype locality was not specified (“Congo-Gebiet”), while the 3 paratypes are either from near Boma (“ Umgebung Boma ”) as given in the species description, or from near Leopoldville (“ Umgebung von Leopoldville ”) as given in the publication’s introduction]. Holotype: ZMA 100053 .

Distribution: 506, 517, 532, 550 (Gosse et al., 2003; Vari, 2007; Poll, Gosse, 1963a).

Neolebias axelrodi Poll, Gosse, 1963

Neolebias axelrodi Poll, Gosse, 1963a:31 , Pl. 2 (fig. 3). Type locality: Source à environ 30 miles de Lagos le long de la nouvelle route. [ Nigeria]. Holotype: BMNH 1970.12 .14.200.

Distribution: 506, 517 (Gosse et al., 2003).

Neolebias gossei (Poll, Lambert, 1964)

Congocharax gossei Poll, Lambert, 1964:337 , figure. Type locality: Lambaréné-Mouila ( PK9 ), Ogooué, Gabon. Holotype: RMCA 142822 .

Distribution: 532 (Vari, 2007).

Neolebias gracilis Matthes, 1964

Neolebias gracilis Matthes, 1964b:69 , Pl. 3a. Type locality: Riv. Boteli (région d’Ikela ), Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 138900 .

Distribution: 537 (Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2013; Matthes, 1964b).

Neolebias kerguennae Daget, 1980

Neolebias kerguennae Daget, 1980:33 , fig. 1. Type locality: Ruisseau à 29 km à l’est de Libreville, Gabon. Holotype: MNHN 1980-1299 .

Distribution: 532 (Vari, 2007).

Neolebias lozii Winemiller, Kelso-Winemiller, 1993

Neolebias lozii Winemiller, Kelso-Winemiller, 1993:112 , fig. 1. Type locality: Kataba Creek , Upper Zambezi drainage, at the Mongu-Senanga highway, Western Province, Zambia, 15°30’30”S, 23°16’0”E. Holotype: USNM 320688 .

Distribution: 556 ( Winemiller, Kelso-Winemiller, 1993).

Neolebias philippei Poll, Gosse, 1963

Neolebias philippei Poll, Gosse, 1963a:30 , Pls. 1 (fig. 4), 2 (fig. 2). Type locality: Boende , riv. Tshuapa. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 98971 .

Distribution: 537, 540, 546 (Poll, Gosse, 1963a; Daget, Gosse, 1984; Decru et al., 2017; Stiassny et al., 2021a).

Neolebias powelli Teugels, Roberts, 1990

Neolebias powelli Teugels, Roberts, 1990:61 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Sombreiro river, Niger delta, at Rumuekpe, Nigeria (4°57’N, 6°40’E). Holotype: RMCA 87-24-P-135.

Distribution: 506 (Gosse et al., 2003).

Neolebias spilotaenia Boulenger, 1912

Neolebias spilotaenia Boulenger, 1912b:9 , Pl. 17 (fig. 4 [not 3]). Type locality: Lebuzi à Kuka Muno (Congo Belge) et Luali à Lundo ( Congo Portugais ). [Lebuzi River at Kuka Muno (Belgian Congo = Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Luali River at Lundo (Portuguese Congo = Cabinda Province of Angola), both in the Chiloango River basin. Lectotype locality is “Mayumbe Kuka Muno, Lebuzi River”. Democratic Republic of Congo]. Lectotype: BMNH 1912.4 .1.282. [Designated by Poll, Gosse (1963a)].

Distribution: 532 (Vari, 2007).

Neolebias trewavasae Poll, Gosse, 1963

Neolebias trewavasae Poll, Gosse, 1963a:27 , Pl. 2 (fig. 1). Type locality: Yaekama , étang. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 137767 .

Distribution: 505, 522, 532, 533, 534, 535, 537, 539, 540, 541, 546 (Sandon, 1950; Poll, Gosse, 1963a; Vari, 2007; Decru et al., 2017; RMCA fish collection).

Neolebias trilineatus Boulenger, 1899

Neolebias trilineatus Boulenger, 1899:114 . Type locality: Dolo (Stanley-Pool), Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Lectotype: RMCA 729 . [Designated by Poll, Gosse (1963a)].

Nannaethiops tritaeniatus Boulenger, 1913:157 . Type locality: Dungu, district du Haut-Uélé, Congo belge. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.12 . 6.2 (1); RMCA 1796–1797 (2) , 1815 (1).

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 540, 542, 546, 548 (RMCA fish collection; AMNH fish collection; Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2013).

Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner, 1894

Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner, 1894:78 , Pl. 4 (fig. 3). Type locality: Robertsport , Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 24926 . [Designated by Poll, Gosse (1963)].

Neolebias unitaeniatus Boulenger, 1899c:114 (footnote). Type locality: Robertsport , Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 24926 . Unneeded replacement name for Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner, 1894 .

Neolebias univittatus Boulenger, 1899c:114 (footnote). Type locality: Robertsport , Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 24926 . Unneeded replacement name for Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner, 1894 .

Nannaethiops angustolinea Nichols, 1923:1 , fig. 1. Type locality: Fort Crampel , Gribingui, West Africa, French Equatorial Africa. [ Central African Republic]. Holotype: AMNH 8106 .

Nannocharax shariensis Fowler, 1949b:248 , figs. 24–27. Type locality: Ubangui-Shari, near N’délé, French Equatorial Africa. [ Central African Republic]. Holotype: ANSP 71888 .

Distribution: 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 511, 512, 514, 515, 516, 517, 520, 532, 533, 534, 535 (Gosse et al., 2003; Vari, 2007; RMCA fish collection; Vivien, 1991; Daget, Gosse, 1984).

PARADISTICHODUS Pellegrin, 1922

Paradistichodus Pellegrin, 1922:70 . Type species: Paradistichodus elegans Pellegrin, 1922 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin, 1904)

Nannocharax dimidiatus Pellegrin, 1904a:220 . Type locality: Casamance, à la hauteur de Kolibantan, Guinée portugaise. [ Guinea-Bissau]. Holotype: MNHN 1904- 0055 .

Distichodus ansorgii Boulenger, 1911a:373 . Type locality: Geba and Culufi Rivers, Portuguese Guinea. [ Guinea-Bissau]. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.4.1.65–68 (4), 1912.4.1.69–74 (6), 1912.4.1.75–77 (3); CAS 60707 (1) ; RMCA 7074 (1) ; ZMB 18444 (6) Culufi River .

Paradistichodus elegans Pellegrin, 1922:72 . Type locality: Bossangoa (Ouham). [ Central African Republic]. Syntypes: MNHN 1921-0216 , MNHN 1921-0217 . [two syntypes, both are apparently lost] .

Distribution: 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 511, 516, 520 (Gosse et al., 2003).

PARAPHAGO Boulenger, 1899

Paraphago Boulenger, 1899:76 . Type species: Paraphago rostratus Boulenger, 1899 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Paraphago rostratus Boulenger, 1899

Paraphago rostratus Boulenger, 1899b:76 , Pl. 34 (fig. 2). Type locality: Kutu (Lac Léopold II), Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.9 . 26.81 (1), RMCA 716–717 (2).

Distribution: 547 (Boulenger, 1909a; Daget, Gosse, 1984).

PHAGO Günther, 1865

Phago Günther, 1865b:209 . Type species: Phago loricatus Günther, 1865 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Phago boulengeri Schilthuis, 1891

Phago boulengeri Schilthuis, 1891:90 . Type locality: Not specified. [Collections studied in this publication originated from “Boma, lower Congo, and for the greater part from Kinshassa, Stanley Pool, upper Congo, near Brazzaville” in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Apparently only the species not collected at Kinshassa have their locality specifically stated, so that the holotype of P. boulengeri probably also originated from the Stanley Pool in Kinshassa]. Holotype: BMNH 1899.9 .6.12.

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 540, 545, 546, 547, 548 (RMCA fish collection; AMNH fish collection; Nichols, Griscom, 1917; Poll, 1933; David, Poll, 1937; Poll, 1959; Gosse, 1963; Matthes, 1964b; Gosse, 1968).

Phago intermedius Boulenger, 1899

Phago intermedius Boulenger, 1899b:77 , Pl. 34 (fig. 3). Type locality: Léopoldville , Etat du Congo. [ Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: RMCA 123 .

Phago fulica Pellegrin, 1922:69 . Type locality: Bangui ( Oubanghi ). [ Central African Republic]. Holotype: MNHN 1921-0374 .

Distribution: 534, 535, 536, 537, 540, 545, 548 (RMCA fish collection; AMNH fish collection; Nichols, Griscom, 1917; Poll, 1933; David, Poll, 1937; Poll, 1959; Gosse, 1963; Matthes, 1964b; Gosse, 1968).

Phago loricatus Günther, 1865

Phago loricatus Günther, 1865b:210 [2], Pl. 5. Type locality: Western coast of Africa. [The original collection register of the BMNH (now NHMUK), of which a (digital) copy is provided in the online database of the BMNH fish collection, records “ W. Africa ” as origin of the specimen. This was recorded as “Niger” for both “locality” and “water body” in the respective fields in the online database. Until more information on or a source for this change is available, the original type locality should be used]. Holotype: BMNH 1865.1 .20.15.

Phago maculatus Ahl, 1922:23 , figure. Type locality: Unterer Niger. Holotype: ZMB 20558 .

Distribution: 505, 506, 517, 518 (Gosse et al., 2003; Vari, 2007).

XENOCHARAX Günther, 1867

Xenocharax Günther, 1867:114 . Type species: Xenocharax spilurus Günther, 1867 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Xenocharax crassus Pellegrin, 1900

Xenocharax crassus Pellegrin, 1900:100 . Type locality: Leketi (Alima moyen), Congo français. [ Republic of the Congo]. Holotype: MNHN 1886-0384 .

Distribution: 534, 535, 537, 538, 546, 547, 548 (Ibala Zamba et al., 2016; RMCA fish collection; Monsembula Iyaba, Stiassny, 2016).

Remarks: revalidated by Ibala Zamba et al. (2016).

Xenocharax spilurus Günther, 1867

Xenocharax spilurus Günther, 1867:114 [6], Pl. 3 (fig. B). Type locality: Gaboon [ Gabon]. Lectotype: BMNH 1867.5 .3.33. [Designated by Ibala Zamba et al. (2016)].

Distribution: 532, 533 (Vari, 2007; RMCA fish collection).