Xenurobrycon, Myers, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1945

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 285-288

XENUROBRYCON Myers, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1945

NA Menezes, P Camelier

Xenurobrycon Myers, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1945:2 . Type species: Xenurobrycon macropus Myers, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1945 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Xenurobrycon coracoralinae Moreira, 2005

Xenurobrycon coracoralinae Moreira, 2005:856 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, estado de Goiás: município de Goiás, rio Agapito at BR-070 road, 13 km W of Goiás, tributary of rio Vermelho, rio Araguaia basin (approximately 15°56’S, 50°09’W). Holotype: MZUSP 83366 .

Distribution: 324 (Moreira, 2005).

Xenurobrycon heterodon Weitzman, Fink, 1985

Xenurobrycon heterodon Weitzman, Fink, 1985:88 , figs. 5, 12, 30, 34e, 55, 65. Type locality: Pastaza: Río Bobonaza at Sarayacu, 1°16’S, 78°31’W. [Sarayacu (or Sarayaku) is a territory located in Pastaza, a province in the Amazonic region of Ecuador]. Holotype: KU 17925 .

Distribution: 312 ( Weitzman, Fink, 1985; Weitzman, 2003).

Xenurobrycon macropus Myers, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1945

Xenurobrycon macropus Myers, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1945:5 , fig. 1. Type locality: Rio Bodoquena , Matto Grosso. [ Brazil. Matto is now written Mato in Portuguese]. Holotype: MNRJ.

Distribution: 343 (Myers, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1945; Weitzman, 2003).

Xenurobrycon polyancistrus Weitzman, 1987

Xenurobrycon polyancistrus Weitzman, 1987:113 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Bolivia, Estado Beni, Laguna Motacusal, Río Isiboro, about 15°40’S, 65°00’W. Holotype: MNHN 1986-0452 .

Distribution: 318 (Weitzman, 1987; Weitzman, 2003).

Xenurobrycon pteropus Weitzman, Fink, 1985

Xenurobrycon pteropus Weitzman, Fink, 1985:85 , figs. 4, 29, 43, 64b, 78. Type locality: Amazonas : an igarapé in Fonte Boa, approximately 2°30’S, 67°2’W. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 12412 .

Distribution: 316 ( Weitzman, Fink, 1985; Weitzman, 2003).

Xenurobrycon varii Mendonça, Peixoto, Dutra, Netto-Ferreira, 2016

Xenurobrycon varii Mendonça, Peixoto, Dutra, Netto-Ferreira, 2016 :[2], figs. 1–5. Type locality: Brazil, Pará , Jacareacanga , Vila de Mamãe Anã, tributary of rio Tapajós, 5°42’22”S, 57°22’30”W. Holotype: MPEG 32825 .

Distribution: 320 (Mendonça et al., 2016).

Genus inquirendum ( Characidae )

Dermatocheir Durbin, 1909:55 . Type species: Dermatocheir catablepta Durbin, 1909 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. [See comment on Dermatocheir catablepta Durbin, 1909 , below]

Species inquirendae ( Characidae ) M Toledo-Piza, FCT Lima, MMF Marinho, FR Carvalho, BF Melo, GSC Silva, RC Benine

Astyanax notemigonoides Fowler, 1911b:506 , fig. 4. Type locality: Affluent of the Chimbo River , near Bucay, Province of Guayas, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 39110 .

Astyanax scierus Fowler, 1911b:509 , fig. 5. Type locality: Affluent of the Chimbo River , near Bucay, Province of Guayas, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 39065 .

Chalceus fasciatus Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:215. Type locality: Rio Padauiri [correct name is rio Padauari, tributary to rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil]. No types known.

Remarks: Status of species taken from Lima et al. (2003:160).

Chalceus flavicolis Posada, 1909:303 . Type locality: Cauca, Colombia. No types known. Remarks: Status of species taken from Lima et al. (2003:178).

Chalceus latus Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:214. Type locality: Padauiri, a tributary of Rio Negro [correct name is rio Padauari, Amazonas, Brazil]. No types known. Remarks: Status of species taken from Lima et al. (2003:159).

Chalceus taeniatus Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:210. Type locality: River Essequibo, as well as of Rios Negro and Branco. No types known.

Remarks: Status of species taken from Lima et al. (2003:159).

Characinus curimata Lacepede, 1803:271 , 279. Type locality: Surinam. [on page 280, Suriname]. No types known.

Remarks: Status of species taken from Lima et al. (2003:159).

Characinus piabucu Lacepede, 1803:269 , 272. Type locality: dans les rivières de lÁmérique méridionale. [on page 275]. No types known.

Remarks: Status of species taken from Lima et al. (2003:159).

Dermatocheir catablepta Durbin, 1909:55 . Type locality: Tumatumari , above the falls. [ Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Potaro River]. Holotype: FMNH 53553 .

Remarks: Géry (1977:462) and Lima et al. (2003:135) considered the species as valid and included in the genus Hyphessobrycon . However, the holotype of Dermatocheir catablepta is a larval specimen, which presents a complete lateral line. No additional material of the species has been identified since its original description (see comments on the species in Weitzman, Fink, 1987:650–651).

Hyphessobrycon maculicauda Ahl, 1936:22 . Type locality: Mittelbrasilien. [ Uncertain ; it is not even sure whether the type locality should indeed lie at “central” states of Brazil or somewhere else in southeastern Brazil]. Holotype: at ZMB (not found). [The holotype is probably lost ( Zarske, Géry, 1995:113)].

Remarks: Since the holotype is very likely lost ( Zarske, Géry, 1995), the type locality is very vague and the original description does not allow its identification with any congener (see Lima, Moreira, 2003:31).

Paragoniates muelleri Steindachner, 1876c:120 [72]. Type locality: Amazonenstrom bei Obidos. [Óbidos, Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 56535 .

Tetragonopterus (Astyanax) riveti Pellegrin, 1907a:25 . Type locality: Río Pove , Santo Domingo de los Colorados (560 métres d’altitude, versant du Pacifique). Équateur. [ Ecuador]. Holotype: MNHN 1904-0022 .

Tetragonopterus artedii Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:128. Type locality: not given. [Specimen said to have originated from “Cabinet du Stathouder”. See Bauchot, Daget (1996) for details about this collection]. Syntypes:?RMNH 1609 (1). [Syntype information according to Fricke et al., 2022. Bauchot, Daget (1996) mentioned that specimen was not found in the collection of the MNHN, Paris].

Tetragonopterus astictus Ulrey, 1894:611 . Type locality: Brazil. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.

Tetragonopterus branickii Steindachner, 1879b:151 . Type locality: Zurumillo. [Ecuador- Peru border]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57258 (2).

Tetragonopterus fuscoauratus Castelnau, 1855:66 , Pl. 33 (fig. 2). Type locality: abondante dans les eaux douces des environs de Bahia. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN A-9821 (8).

Tetragonopterus microstoma Günther, 1864:323 . Type locality: Bahia. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (at least 15) BMNH, ZMB 4836 (?).

Tetragonopterus ortonii Gill, 1870:92 . Type locality: the Marañon or upper Amazon , and Napo Rivers. [not clearly specified; information from title of work]. Holotype:? ANSP 16834 [skeleton].

Remarks: Gill (1870) described ten species of freshwater fishes based on specimens collected by James Orton (1830–1877) during his 1867 expedition which began in Guayaquil, on the Pacific Coast of Ecuador, and ended in Pebas, Peru. Subsequent authors generally considered Gill’s species to be based on Orton specimens from the upper Amazon. Vari et al. (2005:227–228), however, provided convincing evidence that Gill (1870) based his Cetopsis ventralis on a specimen from the Pacific versant of the Andes. Therefore, Orton returned with specimens from Pacific coastal drainages as well as the upper Amazon. Eight of Gill’s holotypes are preserved at USNM; the types of Centromochlus steindachneri and Tetragonopterus ortonii are generally regarded as missing. Recently found at ANSP is a skeleton (ANSP 16834) accompanied by a crude sketch of a (seemingly) entire specimen and original label bearing E.D. Cope’s handwriting “ Tetragonopterus Ortonii, Pebas (Coast)”. The reference to “coast” is consistent with Orton’s 1867 expedition vs. his 1873 and 1876 expeditions which focused on the Amazon interior. A contemporary of Gill, Cope (1870, 1872) also published on fishes from the Amazon Basin (including “Pebas, Equador ”) that were collected by John Hauxwell (among others). Cope was certainly aware of Gill’s Tetragonopterus ortonii as he mentioned the species and author by name (Cope 1870:566) in reference to “Other Characinidae contained in the collection...” However, the “collection” in this case seems to refer to Hauxwell’s specimens (not Orton’s). And Gill (1870) evidently based his brief description not on a skeleton, but on an entire specimen with “D. 11. A. 34.” The dorsal-fin skeleton of ANSP 16834 is detached from the axial skeleton and has a count of ii,8 if the last two elements are counted as one (otherwise ii,9); the anal fin has a count of iv,33 (two anteriormost simple rays small and closely adhered to third, which would make them inconspicuous in entire specimen). Features of the skeleton consistent with Gill’s description are its concave profile in parietal region, transversely convex interorbital region, and relatively tall dorsal fin. While ANSP 16834 may not be the true holotype of Tetragonopterus ortonii , it certainly represents Cope’s interpretation of Gill’s species [M. Sabaj, pers. comm].

Tetragonopterus rhomboidalis Posada, 1909:302 . Type locality: Medellin, Colombia. No types known.

Remarks: Listed as Species inquirenda ( Characidae ) in Lima et al., 2003:159.

Tetragonopterus rufipes Valenciennes, 1834 :no p., Pl. 11 (fig. 1). Type locality: not precisely located. [mentioned as originated from the market in Buenos Aires, Argentina by Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:136)]. Syntypes [incorrect]: MNHN A-9808 (3, poor condition).

Tetragonopterus santaremensis Ulrey, 1894:611 . Type locality: Santarem. [ Santarém , Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes: (10) SU 2167 (2).

Tetragonopterus sardina Posada, 1909:302 . Type locality: Medellin, Colombia. No types known.

Remarks: Species inquirenda ( Characidae ) in Lima et al., 2003:159.

Tetragonopterus schomburgkii Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:137. Type locality: Essequibo. [ Essequibo river, Guyana]. Holotype: MNHN A-9812 (poor condition).

Tetragonopterus signatus Burmeister, 1861:535 . Type locality: Im Río Paraná, bei Rozario. [Río Parana, close to Rosario]. Holotype: Whereabouts unknown.

Remarks: Based on the original description, Tetragonopterus signatus Burmeister, 1861 probably represents a synonym of Astyanax pellegrini Eigenmann or Ctenobrycon alleni (Eigenmann) . Thus, we decided to include it as species inquirenda in Characidae . See Koerber, Litz (2008) for transcription and translation of original description.