Astyanacinus, Eigenmann, 1907

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 92-93

ASTYANACINUS Eigenmann, 1907

FCP Dagosta

Astyanacinus Eigenmann, 1907:769 . Type species: Tetragonopterus moorii Boulenger, 1892 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Remarks: Astyanacinus is herein maintained as valid since its synonymization within Astyanax proposed by Ruiz-C. et al. (2018:3) seems to be premature. Regardless of being part of Astyanax or not, the species included in Astyanacinus were proposed as a monophyletic group by Dagosta (2011) based on characters that are exclusive among Astyanax species and their combination is, at least, unusual among other Tetragonopterinae . Astyanax is a genus markedly known as polyphyletic, lacking a phylogenetic definition. In addition, the relationships of Astyanacinus with species currently included in the genus Astyanax is not well understood yet. Dagosta (2011) provided evidence for a close relationship of Astyanacinus with Oligosarcus , Hollandichthys , and Rachoviscus or, alternatively, as the sister of Astyanax . Terán et al. (2020) found the type-species of Astyanacinus as being part of the Astyanax clade, corroborating the decision of Ruiz-C. et al. (2018:3). Alternatively, Melo et al. (2022) pointed out the same species as sister of Grundulus bogotoensis and part of a trans-Andean clade composed also by Carlana , Nematobrycon , and Rhoadsia . Aiming at the taxonomic stability and the maintenance of a name representing a phylogenetically corroborated clade and morphologically recognized group, the genus Astyanacinus is herein considered as valid until the phylogenetic position of its type-species is confidently addressed.

Astyanacinus moorii (Boulenger, 1892)

Tetragonopterus moorii Boulenger, 1892:11 , Pl. 2 (fig. 1). Type locality: Chapala plateau, Matto Grosso, Brazil. [Probably Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso]. Syntypes: BMNH 1892.4.20.50–51 (2). [One specimen in poor condition].

Distribution: 318, 343 (Pearson, 1937).

Astyanacinus multidens Pearson, 1924

Astyanacinus multidens Pearson, 1924:41 , Pl. 9 (fig. 4). Type locality: Rio Colorado, Lower Bopi, Bolivia. [(= Boopi) affluent of the Beni river]. Lectotype: CAS 38955. [Designated by Ruiz.C et al., 2018:18. Originally, the type series of Astyanacinus multidens was represented only by the lot IU 17323 with 22 specimens. Six of the 22 syntypes were later donated to UMMZ (UMMZ 66510) and the other 16 specimens received the number CAS 38955. Lots MCZ 21064 (1), MCZ 89559 (27), and MCZ 20826 (1) were tentatively assigned to Astyanacinus multidens by Lima et al., 2003:107 which is not confirmed here. The first two lots are part of the type series of Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908 and the latter is a non-type specimen of the same species collected with MCZ 89559 (see Marinho, Birindelli, 2013 for details).

Astyanax bopiensis Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup, Ortega, 2018:16, fig. 7. Type locality: Rio Colorado, Lower Bopi, Bolivia. Lectotype: CAS 38955. [96.9 mm SL; incorrectly listed as CAS 39955 in Ruiz-C. et al., 2018:16]. Replacement for Astyanacinus multidens Pearson, 1924 when preoccupied in Astyanax by Astyanax multidens Pearson, 1924 .

Distribution: 318 (Pearson, 1924).

Remarks: Astyanax bopiensis was proposed by Ruiz-C. et al., 2018:16 as replacement for Astyanacinus multidens Pearson, 1924 when they included the latter species in Astyanax and therefore it became a secondary junior homonym of Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908 . If Astyanacinus is considered a valid genus, then Astyanax bopiensis is to be considered a junior synonym of Astyanacinus multidens . Ruiz-C. et al., 2018:16 incorrectly listed lot CAS 38955 under “Non type material” (information provided for this lot is also incorrect).

Astyanacinus yariguies Torres-Mejia, Hernández, Senechal, 2012

Astyanacinus yariguies Torres-Mejia, Hernández, Senechal, 2012:502 , fig. 1–2. Type locality: Colombia, Santander, El Carmen, Río Magdalena system, Río Cascajales system, Río Sucio, under bridge on road from El Carmen to Vereda Islandia, 6°41’14.6”N, 73°35’15.1”W. Holotype: UIST 1752 .

Distribution: 302 (Torres-Mejia et al., 2012).