Brycon, Muller, Troschel, 1844

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 69-77

BRYCON Müller, Troschel, 1844

FCT Lima

Brycon Müller, Troschel, 1844:90 . Type species: Brycon falcatus Müller, Troschel, 1844 . Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann, 1910:430. Gender: Masculine.

Chalcinopsis Kner, 1863:226 . Type species: Chalcinopsis striatulus Kner, 1863 . Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann, 1910:430. Gender: Feminine.

Megalobrycon Günther, 1869:423 . Type species: Megalobrycon cephalus Günther, 1869 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Catabasis Eigenmann, Norris, 1900:358 . Type species: Catabasis acuminatus Eigenmann, Norris, 1900 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Bryconodon Eigenmann, 1903:146 . Type species: Brycon orthotaenia Günther, 1864 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Othonophanes Eigenmann, 1903:145 . Type species: Brycon labiatus Steindachner, 1879 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Holobrycon Eigenmann, 1909a:33 . Type species: Brycon pesu Müller, Troschel, 1845 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Triurobrycon Eigenmann, 1909a:33 . Type species: Brycon lundii Lütken, 1875 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Brycon alburnus (Günther, 1860)

Chalceus alburnus Günther, 1860a:419 . Type locality: Western Andes of Ecuador. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.6 .16.167 (1), 1860.6.16.180 (1), 1860.6.16.201–202 (2), 1860.6.16.204 (1).

Brycon acutus Böhlke, 1958:67 , Pl. 4 (fig. 1). Type locality: Near the mouth of Rio Quinindé at 60 m. [ Ecuador, Esmeraldas, c. 0°20’16”N, 79°28’4”W]. Holotype: SU 49757 .

Distribution: 301 (Howes, 1982).

Remarks: See Howes (1982) and Prado et al. (2015:162–163) for comments on the species.

Brycon amazonicus (Agassiz, 1829)

Chalceus amazonicus Agassiz , in Spix , Agassiz, 1829:68, Pl. 35. Type locality: Habitat in fluvio Amazonum [Neotype locality: Brazil, Pará, rio Trombetas, igarapé Caxipacoré, ca. 0°34’S, 56°45’W.] Neotype: INPA 3415 . [Designated by Lima (2017:122)].

Chalceus carpophaga Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:252. Type locality: l’Esséquibo. [ Guyana]. Lectotype: MNHN A-9832. [Designated by Gery, Mahnert (1992:811)].

Megalobrycon cephalus Günther, 1869:423 , fig. 1. Type locality: Upper Amazon. [See Lima (2017:122) for comments on the type locality]. Syntypes: BMNH 1869.5 .21.1 (1), 1869.5.21.2 (1). Synonymy proposed in Lima (2017:122–123).

Brycon capito Cope, 1872:261 . Type locality: Ambyiacu. [ Peru, Loreto, Rio Ampyiacu, trib. Rio Amazonas , ca. 3°21’S, 71°41’W]. Holotype: ANSP 8058 . Synonymy proposed in Lima (2017:123).

Brycon longiceps Steindachner, 1879b:150 . Type locality: Orinoco bei Ciudad Bolivar. [ Venezuela, Estado Bolívar, approximately 8°8’N, 63°34’W]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 62944 (3).

Brycon siebenthalae Eigenmann, 1912a:372 , Pl. 54 (fig. 3). Type locality: Mud Creek , Aruka River. [ Guyana, approximately 8°13’N, 59°44’W]. Holotype: FMNH 53353 .

Brycon pellegrini Holly, 1929:208 . Type locality: Manaos. [ Manaus , Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 8963 .

Brycon siebenthalae iquitensis Nakashima, 1941:69 , figure. Type locality: Cercanias del Puerto de Iquitos. [ Peru]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. [Holotype lost (see Lima, 2017:124)].

Distribution: 307, 308, 309, 314, 316, 318, 322 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species. Author of species name is Agassiz according to Kottelat (1988); followed by Lima (2017); author as Spix, Agassiz in Lima, 2003:175.

Brycon argenteus Meek, Hildebrand, 1913

Brycon argenteus Meek, Hildebrand, 1913:84 . Type locality: Río Aruza, Aruza , Panama. [ Panama, Darién, Río Aruza, trib. Río Tuyra, approximately 8°22’N, 77°56’W]. Holotype: FMNH 7588 .

Distribution: 210, 301 (Hildebrand, 1938; Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2012).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2012:148–149) for an account on the species.

Brycon atrocaudatus (Kner, 1863)

Chalceus atrocaudatus Kner, 1863:227 , “fig. 14” (unpublished). Type locality: Westabhange der Andes in Staate Ecuador. Holotype: ZSM 143 [old collection] destroyed in WWII.

Brycon scapularis Fowler, 1911b:502 , fig. 3. Type locality: Affluent of the Chimbo River near Bucay, Province of Guayas, Ecuador. [Approximately 2°12’S, 79°10’W]. Holotype: ANSP 39105 .

Brycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann, Henn , in Eigenmann, 1918a:687. Type locality: Río Barranca Alta from Naranjito , Ecuador. [ Ecuador, Depto. Guayas, approximately 2°10’S, 79°28’W]. Holotype: CAS 39436.

Distribution: 301 (Böhlke, 1958a; Howes, 1982).

Remarks: See Böhlke (1958a), Howes (1982), and Prado et al. (2015:164–165) for comments on the species.

Brycon behreae Hildebrand, 1938

Brycon behreae Hildebrand, 1938:278 , fig. 5. Type locality: Rio Chiriquí del Tire , above Caldera, Pacific slope, western Panama. [ Panama, Chiriqui, approximately 8°40’N, 81°21’W]. Holotype: CAS 5582.

Distribution: 206 (Hildebrand, 1938; Bussing, 1998).

Remarks: See Bussing (1998:92–94) for an account on the species.

Brycon chagrensis (Kner, 1863)

Chalcinopsis chagrensis Kner, 1863:226 , “fig. 13” (unpublished). Type locality: Río Chagres an der Nordseite von Panama. [ Panama, Río Chagres (canal zone)]. Syntypes: NMW 22106 (1), 62661 (2); ZSM no. 3, 16, 47, 129, 234 [old collection] (orig. 5?) destroyed in WWII.

Distribution: 209 (Hildebrand, 1938).

Brycon coquenani Steindachner, 1915

Brycon coquenani Steindachner, 1915c:37 [23], Pl. 1 (figs. 1–2). Type locality: Coquenanflusse in Venezuela. [ Venezuela, Estado Bolívar, Río Kukenan, upper Río Caroní basin, approximately 5°12’N, 60°46’W (Lima, 2017:35–36)]. Lectotype: NMW 62702 . [Designated by Lima (2017:35)].

Distribution: 308 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon costaricensis Angulo, Gracian-Negrete, 2013

Brycon costaricensis Angulo, Gracian-Negrete, 2013: 258 , fig. 2. Type locality: Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia, Sarapiquí drainage, La Virgem de Sarapiquí , Río Sarapiquí , at the Tirimbina Biological Reserve , 149 m, 10°24’56.84”N, 84°07’18.70”W. Holotype: UCR 2936-01 .

Distribution: 205 (Angulo, Gracian-Negrete, 2013).

Brycon coxeyi Fowler, 1943

Brycon coxeyi Fowler, 1943a:3 , fig. 2. Type locality: Hacienda las mascotas, mouth of Río Pastaza, basin of the Río Marañon, Ecuador. [Type locality corrected by Lima (2017:26) for “ Ecuador, Província Tungurahua, Hacienda Mascota, Río Paztaza, near mouth of Río Topo, 1°25’S, 78°11’W ”]. Holotype: ANSP 70156 .

Distribution: 313 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon dentex Günther, 1860

Brycon dentex Günther, 1860b:240 [8]. Type locality: Freshwaters of Esmeraldas. [ Ecuador, Depto. Esmeraldas]. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.6.16.156–159 (4), SMNS 762 (1).

Distribution: 301 (Böhlke, 1958a; Howes, 1982).

Remarks: See Böhlke (1958a), Howes (1982), and Prado et al. (2015:166–167) for comments on the species.

Brycon dulcis Lima, Vieira, 2017

Brycon dulcis Lima, Vieira, in Lima , 2017: 53, figs. 30–31. Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Marliéria , Lago Dom Helvécio , Rio Doce State Park , Rio Doce system, 19°46’S, 42°36’W. Holotype: MZUSP 58911 .

Distribution: 328 (Lima, 2017).

Brycon falcatus Müller, Troschel, 1844

Brycon falcatus Müller, Troschel, 1844:90 . Type locality: In Guyana et Surinam. Syntypes: BMNH 1969.12.12.1–3 (3) Guyana; ZMB 3601–03 (2, 1, 1).

Chalceus labrosus Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1841:212, Pl. 13 (fig. 1). Type locality: River Paduiri. [River Padauari, Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil]. No types known. Description corresponds to that of Brycon falcatus Müller, Troschel, 1844 . Considered as nomen oblitum and as such does not have precedence over Brycon falcatus (Lima, 2017:155).

Brycon schomburgkii Müller, Troschel, 1844:91 . Type locality: Guiana. [ Guyana]. Holotype: ZMB 3604 . Considered a junior synonym of Brycon falcatus Müller, Troschel, 1844 by Eigenmann (1912a:372) and therefore, acting as first reviser.

Brycon brevicauda Günther, 1864:335 . Type locality: Rio Jocintins, River Capin. [ Brazil, Pará, rio Tocantins and Rio Capim (cf. Lima, 2017:156)]. Syntypes: BMNH 1849.11.8.48–49 (2), 1842.4.20.13 (right half skin).

Brycon stuebelii Steindachner, 1882c:176 . Type locality: Amazonenstrome. [Type-locality specified to “ Rio Amazonas (Iquitos)” by Steindachner (1882a:13–14)]. Holotype: MTD F 380 .

Brycon bicolor Pellegrin, 1909a:12 . Type locality: Orénoque. [See Lima (2017:157) for comments on the type locality]. Syntypes: MNHN 1887-0746 to 0748 (3). Synonymy proposed in Lima (2017:157).

Brycon matrinchao Fowler, 1941b:192 , fig. 102. Type locality: Rio Parnahyba, Therezina , Piauhy. [Type locality very probably incorrect; see Lima (2017:157)]. Holotype: ANSP 69619 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 310, 311, 314, 315, 316, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon ferox Steindachner, 1877

Brycon ferox Steindachner, 1877:583 [25], Pl. 4 (figs. 1–1a). Type locality: Rio Mucuri. [Minas Gerais or Bahia state, Brazil]. Lectotype: NMW 62930 . [Designated by Lima (2017:62)].

Distribution: 328 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon fowleri Dahl, 1955

Brycon fowleri Dahl, 1955:19 . Type locality: Chibogadó, Colombia. [Colombia, Depto. Córdova, upper Río Sinú, approximately 8°0’N, 76°13’W]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.

Distribution: 301, 302 (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2005).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2005:79–80) for an account on the species.

Brycon gouldingi Lima, 2004

Brycon gouldingi Lima, 2004:280, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil; Pará; Parauapebas, Igarapé da Boa Vista , tributary of rio Itacaiúnas, Serra dos Carajás ca. 5°52’S, 50°29’W. Holotype: MZUSP 61400 .

Distribution: 324 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon guatemalensis Regan, 1908

Brycon guatemalensis Regan, 1908a:168 . Type locality: Guatemala, Río Chisoy , Río Usumancita , Río Motagua and Lake Yzabal. Syntypes: (6) BMNH 1864.1.26.226– 229 (4), 1865.4.29.40 (1), 1869.1.26.387 (1),?1869.2.23.8 (1).

Distribution: 201, 202 (Angulo, Gracian-Negrete, 2013; Miller et al., 2005).

Remarks: See Miller et al. (2005:157) and Angulo, Gracian-Negrete (2013) for an account on the species.

Brycon henni Eigenmann, 1913

Brycon henni Eigenmann, 1913:26 . Type locality: Caldas. [Colombia, Depto. Valle del Cauca, Río Cauca basin (precise locality uncertain: Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2012:150)]. Holotype: FMNH 56384 .

Distribution: 301, 302 (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2005, Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2012).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2005:80–81; 2012:150–151) for accounts on the species.

Brycon hilarii ( Valenciennes, 1850)

Chalceus hilarii Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:246. Type locality: Río San Francisco. [Type locality very probably incorrect; see Lima (2017:105)]. Lectotype: MNHN A-8616-81-25-71.

Megalobrycon erythropterum Cope, 1872:263 , Pl. 10 (fig. 2). Type locality: Ambyiacu. [ Peru, Loreto, Rio Ampyiacu, trib. Rio Amazonas , ca. 3°21’S, 71°41’W]. Holotype: ANSP (not found). [Böhlke (1984:45; Lima (2017:105)]. Synonymy proposed in Lima (2017:106).

Brycon microlepis Perugia , 1897:149 [3]. Type locality: Puerto 14 de Mayo, dipartimento di Bahia Negra , nel Chaco boreale. [ Paraguay]. Holotype: MSNG 36916 .

Distribution: 313, 316, 317, 342, 343, 345 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon howesi Lima, 2017

Brycon howesi Lima, 2017: 47, figs. 28–29. Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Araçuaí, rio Jequitinhonha , confluence with rio Araçuaí , below village of Itira , 16°45’S, 42°0’W. Holotype: MZUSP 103075 .

Distribution: 328 (Lima, 2017).

Brycon insignis Steindachner, 1877

Brycon insignis Steindachner, 1877:587 [29], Pl. 4 (figs. 2–2a). Type locality: Rio Parahyba bei Campos und Mendez. [Type locality restricted by Lima (2017:42) to “Rio Parahyba ”, i.e., Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, rio Paraíba do Sul at Campos or Mendes]. Lectotype: NMW 62925 : 2. [Designated by Lima (2017:41)].

Catabasis acuminatus Eigenmann, Norris, 1900:358 . Type locality: Rio Tieté. [Type locality probably incorrect; see Lima (2017:42)]. Holotype: CAS 11894.

Megalobrycon piabanha Miranda-Ribeiro, 1902:5 . Type locality: Cataguazes, rio Pomba. [ Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin]. Holotype: MNRJ (apparently lost).

Distribution: 329, 352 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon medemi Dahl, 1960

Brycon medemi Dahl, 1960b:461 , figure. Type locality: Quebrada La Noche, upper Atrato. [Colombia, Depto. Chocó]. Holotype: ICN-MHN 41. [Mojica, Agudelo-Zamora, 2018:8].

Distribution: 301 (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2012).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2012:152–153) for an account on the species.

Brycon meeki Eigenmann, Hildebrand, 1918

Brycon meeki Eigenmann, Hildebrand , in Eigenmann, 1918a:688. Type locality: Originally “Ríos San Juan, Dagua, Patia, western Colombia”, restricted by Eigenmann (1922:322) to “Barbacoas, Colombia”. [Colombia, Depto. Nariño, Río Telembi, approximately 1°40’30”N, 78°8’30”W]. Lectotype: CAS 13467. [Designated by Eigenmann (1922:322)].

Brycon juanensis Rendahl, 1941:10 , figs. 2–3. Type locality: Río San Juan , Cabeceras. [Colombia, Depto. Chocó]. Holotype: NRM 10688 .

Brycon juradoensis Fowler, 1944:232 , figs. 5–6. Type locality: Río Juradó, Chocó Province, Colombia. [Colombia, Depto. Chocó, approximately 7°10’N, 77°46’W]. Holotype: ANSP 71426.

Brycon tovari Dahl, 1960b:465 , figure. Type locality: Mouth of Río Sandó , tributary to the Baudó. [Colombia, Depto. Chocó, approximately 5°3’7”N, 77°3’9”W]. Holotype: ICN-MHN 110. [(Mojica, Agudelo-Zamora 2018:10)].

Distribution: 301 (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2012).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2012:154–155) for an account on the species.

Brycon melanopterus (Cope, 1872)

Megalobrycon melanopterum Cope, 1872:262 , Pl. 13 (fig. 1). Type locality: Ambyiacu. [ Peru, Loreto, Rio Ampyiacu, trib. Rio Amazonas , ca. 3°21’S, 71°41’W]. Lectotype: ANSP 8035 . [Designated by Fowler (1907:447). Treated as holotype by Böhlke (1984:51), see Lima, 2017 (:140)].

Distribution: 316, 318, 321, 313, 314 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon moorei Steindachner, 1878

Brycon moorei Steindachner, 1878:91 . Type locality: Cienega (...) MagdalenenStrom. [Colombia, Depto. Magdalena, approximately 10°58’N, 74°15’W]. Syntypes: at NMW (yet to be located).

Othonophanes bolivarensis Dahl, 1943:216 [2], figure. Type locality: Pool communicating with Río Batatal (also called Río Uré) tributary to Río San Jorge, Magdalena system, Altitude approximately 800 m. Municipal of Ayapel, department of Bolivar, Republic of Colombia. [Colombia, Depto. Cordoba, ca. 7°57’S, 75°31’W]. Holotype: at ZMUL (yet to be located).

Distribution: 302 (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2005).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2005:82) for an account on the species.

Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864

Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864:334 . Type locality: Irisanga. [ Brazil, São Paulo, Oriçanga (now Estiva Gerbi), rio Grande basin, 22°16’S, 46°57’W (cf. Lima , 2017:81)]. Holotype: NMW 16396 .

Brycon reinhardtii Lütken, 1875c:134 [8]. Type locality: Flumine Rio das Velhas. [ Brazil, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco basin]. Syntypes: BMNH 1878.1 .10.36 (1); MNHN 0000-9589 (1); NMW 59761 (2) ; SMNS 2049 (1) ; USNM 44955 (1) ; ZMB 9194 (1) ; ZMUC 216 (1) , 222 (1), 224 (1), 225 (1).

Distribution: 327, 324, 344 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon obscurus Hildebrand, 1938

Brycon obscurus Hildebrand, 1938:283 , fig. 6. Type locality: Creek in El Valle, Pacific slope, Panama. [ Panama, Coclé, approximately 8°40’N, 80°7’W]. Holotype: USNM 106512 .

Distribution: 210 (Hildebrand, 1938).

Brycon oligolepis Regan, 1913

Brycon oligolepis Regan, 1913b:462 . Type locality: Río Condoto and western Ecuador. [“Río Condoto” at Colombia, Depto. Chocó]. Syntypes: (9) BMNH 1913.10.1.8–9 (2).

Distribution: 301, 302 (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2005, 2012).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2005:83; 2012:156–157), and Prado et al. (2015: 168–169) for accounts on the species.

Brycon opalinus (Cuvier, 1819)

Chalceus opalinus Cuvier, 1819:351 , Pl. 26 (fig. 1). Type locality: Brésil [ Brazil]. [Restricted by Eigenmann (1921: 294–295) to “ Rio de Janeiro ”; see comments by Lima (2017:73)]. Holotype: MNHN A-8613 (dry).

Brycon bahiensis Günther, 1864:334 . Type locality: Bahia. [See Lima (2017:73) for comments on the type locality]. Holotype: BMNH 1862.11 .23.26.

Distribution: 329, 328 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon orbignyanus ( Valenciennes, 1850)

Chalceus orbignyanus Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:249. Type locality: Buénos-Ayres, la Plata. [ Argentina, Buenos Aires, Rio de La Plata ]. Lectotype: MNHN A-9835 (larger specimen). [Designated by Gery, Mahnert (1992:811)].

Chalceus rodopterus Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:249. Type locality: Buénos-Ayres. [ Argentina]. Syntypes: MNHN A-9834 (2, poor condition).

Brycon lineatus Steindachner, 1866:19 . Type locality: La-Plata Strom. [ Argentina]. Holotype: NMW 62943 . [Holotype apparently lost (see Lima, 2017:96)].

Brycon travassosi Amaral Campos, 1950:141 , fig. 1. Type locality: Rio Bodoquena , Est. Mato Grosso. [Type locality probably incorrect; see Lima (2017:96–97)]. Holotype: MZUSP 3811 .

Distribution: 344, 345, 332, 333 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: Géry, Mahnert (1992: 807) acted as first revisers when placing Chalceus rodopterus Valenciennes as junior synonym of Brycon orbignyanus ( Valenciennes, 1850) . See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon orthotaenia Günther, 1864

Brycon orthotaenia Günther, 1864:335 . Type locality: River Cipo. [ Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Cipó (a tributary of Rio das Velhas)]. Holotype: BMNH 1861.5.16 ,71 (half skin).

Brycon lundii Lütken, 1875c:135 [9]. Type locality: Fluminen Rio das Velhas. [ Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas]. Syntypes: ZMUC 227 Lagoa Santa, ZMUC 228– 229 (skulls), ZMUC 232 Rio das Velhas.

Distribution: 327 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon pesu Müller, Troschel, 1845

Brycon pesu Müller, Troschel, 1845:16 , 30, Pl. 7 (fig. 1). Type locality: Guiana. [ Presumably Essequibo River ]. Holotype: ZMB 3605 .

Distribution: 311, 310, 308, 315, 323, 324, 322, 320, 321, 319, 307 (Steindachner, 1917; Planquette et al., 1996; Géry, Zarske, 2004; Lima et al., 2013; Arrington, Winemiller, 2003).

Remarks: A species complex (Arruda et al., 2019; A.M. Zanata, F.C.T. Lima, unpublish. data).

Brycon petrosus Meek, Hildebrand, 1913

Brycon petrosus Meek, Hildebrand, 1913:84 . Type locality: Upper Chagres. [ Panama, Río Chagres (canal zone)]. Holotype: FMNH 7589 .

Distribution: 209 (Hildebrand, 1938).

Brycon polylepis Mosco Morales, 1988

Brycon polylepis Mosco Morales, 1988:9 , figs. 2, 3, 5. Type locality: Río Yasa , afluente del Río Negro, estación biomédica Kasmera, Sierra de Perijá, zona de reserva de los indios Pariríes, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. [Approximately 9°57’S, 72°43’W]. Holotype: MBLUZ 1273 .

Distribution: 303, 307, 308, 316, 318, 324 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon posadae Fowler, 1945

Brycon posadae Fowler, 1945c:103 , fig. 5. Type locality: Ricaurte, on the Río Guebo, tributary of the Río Mira, Nariño, at 3000 feet elevation, Pacific Slope of Colombia. [Colombia, Depto. Nariño, approximately 1°12’30”N, 77°59’30”W]. Holotype: ANSP 71695.

Distribution: 301 (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2012).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2012:158), and Prado et al. (2015:170–171) for an account on the species.

Brycon rubricauda Steindachner, 1879

Brycon rubricauda Steindachner, 1879c:195 . Type locality: der Cauca, der grösste Nebenfluss des Magdalenan-Stromes. [Colombia, Depto. Antioquia]. Holotype: at NMW. [Holotype still need to be identified at NMW collection].

Chalceus rodopterus Posada, 1909:303 . Type locality: Medellín, Colombia. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. [probably never preserved]. Homonym of Chalceus rodopterus Valenciennes.

Distribution: 302 (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2005).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2005:83–84) for an account on the species.

Brycon sinuensis Dahl, 1955

Brycon moorei sinuensis Dahl, 1955:18 , figure. Type locality: Lorica, Cereté, Betancí, Tierra Alta and the mouth of Nain. [Colombia, Depto. Córdoba, Río Sinu basin]. Syntypes: lost.

Distribution: 302 (Dahl, 1971).

Remarks: See Dahl (1971:124) for comments on the species (as Brycon moorei sinuensis ).

Brycon stolzmanni Steindachner, 1879

Brycon stolzmanni Steindachner, 1879b:152 . Type locality: Chota. [ Peru, Cajamarca, Río Marañon basin, ca. 6°33’S, 78°39’W]. Lectotype: NMW 62731 : 1. [Designated by Lima (2017:21)].

Distribution: 312 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon striatulus (Kner, 1863)

Chalcinopsis striatulus Kner, 1863:226 , “fig. 12” (unpublished). Type locality: Panama. [ Panama, Río Chagres (canal zone)]. Syntypes: ZSM no. 15, 117, 200, 204, 206 [old collection] (5) destroyed in WWII.

Distribution: 210, 301 (Hildebrand, 1938; Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2012).

Remarks: See Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2012:159–160) for an account on the species.

Brycon unicolor Mosco Morales, 1988

Brycon unicolor Mosco Morales, 1988:16 , fig.4, 5. Type locality: Lagunas de piscicultura del Centro de Aprendizaje Agropecuaria Don Bosco , Carrasquero, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Holotype: MBLUZ 1254 .

Distribution: 303 (Mosco Morales, 1988).

Brycon vermelha Lima, Castro, 2000

Brycon vermelha Lima, Castro, 2000:156, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil. Minas Gerais, município de Carlos Chagas, rio Mucuri , approximately 9 km W of village of Presidente Pena, along a dirt road on Fazenda Gavião (17°42’S, 40°58’W). Holotype: MZUSP 53303 .

Distribution: 328 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Brycon vonoi Lima, 2017

Brycon vonoi Lima, 2017:63, figs. 36–37. Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Taiobeiras, rio Pardo , fazenda Tabatinga , ca. 15°43’S, 42°14’W. Holotype: MZUSP 58297 .

Distribution: 328 (Lima, 2017).

Brycon whitei Myers, Weitzman, 1960

Brycon whitei Myers, Weitzman, 1960:99 , fig. 1. Type locality: Vicinity of Los Micos, and the north end of the Cordillera Macarena, at approximately 3°20’N, 73°56’W. This locality is the headwaters of the Río Guaviare ( Río Orinoco system) just east of the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia. Holotype: SU 48818 .

Distribution: 307 (Lima, 2017).

Remarks: See Lima (2017) for a full account on the species.

Species inquirendae ( Brycon )

Brycon labiatus Steindachner, 1879c:195 . Type locality: der Cauca, der grösste Nebenfluss des Magdalenan-Stromes. [Colombia, Depto. Antioquia]. Holotype: NMW. [Holotype still need to be identified in NMW collection].

Chalceus devillei Castelnau, 1855:69 , Pl. 36 (fig. 2). Type locality: Bahia. [See Lima (2017:52–53) for comments on the type locality]. Holotype: MNHN 0000-4517. Remarks: Taxonomic status of species discussed by Lima (2017:52).