Petulanos Sidlauskas, Vari, 2008:167

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 63-68

Petulanos Sidlauskas, Vari, 2008:167 . Type species: Anostomus plicatus Eigenmann,

1912. Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Petulanos intermedius ( Winterbottom, 1980)

Anostomus intermedius Winterbottom, 1980:14 , fig. 11. Type locality: Brazil, Amazon River system, upper Xingu River, below the cataracts near Suya-Missu or Paranajuba. Holotype: SMF 10651 .

Distribution: 321, 320, 322 (Sidlauskas, Santos, 2005).

Petulanos plicatus (Eigenmann, 1912)

Anostomus plicatus Eigenmann, 1912a:296 , Pl. 41 (fig. 3). Type locality: Crab Falls , Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53393 .

Distribution: 310, 311 ( Winterbottom, 1980).

Petulanos spiloclistron (Winterbottom, 1974)

Anostomus spiloclistron Winterbottom, 1974:154 , figs. 1, 5a–b, 6. Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie river system, Fallawatra river at rapids, 5 km SSW of Stondansie Falls. Holotype: ZMA 112685 .

Distribution: 311 ( Winterbottom, 1980).

PSEUDANOS Winterbottom, 1980

Pseudanos Winterbottom, 1980:24 . Type species: Schizodon trimaculatus Kner, 1858 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Pseudanos gracilis (Kner, 1858)

Schizodon gracilis Kner, 1858a:78 . Type locality: [provided in Kner (1859) as Rio Guapore, Brazil (see Birindelli et al., 2012)]. NMW 57119 .

Distribution: 321, 316, 314, 315 (Birindelli et al., 2012).

Pseudanos trimaculatus (Kner, 1858)

Schizodon trimaculatus Kner, 1858a:78 . Type locality: [provided in Kner (1859) as Brazil (see Birindelli et al., 2012)]. Holotype: NMW 62692 .

Pseudanos irinae Winterbottom, 1980:27 , figs. 7c, 21, 45b. Type locality: Venezuela. Orinoco River system, Orinoco River at bifurcation with Casiquiare River, Laja Tama Tama. Holotype: SU 58809 .

Distribution: 307, 314, 316, 318, 321, 319, 310, 315 (Birindelli et al., 2012).

Pseudanos varii Birindelli , Lima, Britski, 2012

Pseudanos varii Birindelli , Lima , Britski , 2012:56, figs. 1–2, 3a–b. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas , Manaus , Igarapé Sirinau , tributary of Rio Cuieiras (tributary of Rio Negro), ca. 2°42’S, 60°20’W. Holotype: MZUSP 109800 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314 (Birindelli et al., 2012).

Pseudanos winterbottomi Sidlauskas, Santos, 2005

Pseudanos winterbottomi Sidlauskas, Santos, 2005:110 , figs. 1, 2B, 3–4, 5B. Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Río Ventuari, pool behind beach on south side of river, approximately 0.5h (approximately 12 km) above mouth of Río Ornico, Laguna Pavon (4°04’N, 66°56’W). Holotype: MBUCV-V-32210.

Distribution: 307, 308, 320 (Birindelli et al., 2012).

RHYTIODUS Kner, 1858

Rhytiodus Kner, 1858a 78. Type species: Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1858 . Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann, 1910:425. Gender: Masculine.

Garmanina Fowler, 1906:326 . Type species: Rhytiodus argenteofuscus Kner, 1858 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Rhytiodus .

Rhytiodus argenteofuscus Kner, 1858

Rhytiodus argenteofuscus Kner, 1858a:79 . Type locality: [provided in Kner (1859) as Rio Negro, Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 56879 .

Schizodon sagittarius Cope, 1878:689 . Type locality: Peruvian Amazon. Holotype: ANSP 21474. [Fowler (1906:326); Böhlke (1984:19)].

Rhytiodus argenteofuscus var. unifasciatus Steindachner, 1915c:24 [10]. Type locality: Mündung des Rio Negro. Holotype: not found at NMW.

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1987).

Rhytiodus elongatus (Steindachner, 1908)

Anostomus elongatus Steindachner, 1908a:62 . Type locality: Rio Purús. [ Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 62612 .

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1987).

Rhytiodus lauzannei Géry, 1987

Rhytiodus lauzannei Géry, 1987:367 , figs. 1–2, 4 (upper). Type locality: Zone d’inondation du rio Tijamuchi près de Trinidad, bassin du rio Mamoré, Bolivie. [ Bolivia]. Holotype: MNHN 1987-1063 .

Distribution: 318 (Géry, 1987).

Remarks: The status of this species awaits to be confirmed as it may be a junior synonym of Rhytiodus microlepis (Sidlauskas, Vari, 2008) .

Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1858

Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1858a:79 . Type locality: [provided in Kner (1859) as Manaus, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 56881 (2).

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1987).

SARTOR Myers, Carvalho, 1959

Sartor Myers, Carvalho, 1959:148 . Type species: Sartor respectus Myers, Carvalho, 1959 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Sartor elongatus Santos, Jégu, 1987

Sartor elongatus Santos, Jégu, 1987:183 , fig. 1. Type locality: Rio Trombetas , Cachoeira Porteira , foz do rio Mapuera, estado do Pará, Brasil (1°6’S e 57°W), em área de pedral, no começo do embasamento do Planalto das Guianas. [ Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 1167 .

Distribution: 316 (Santos, Jégu, 1987).

Sartor respectus Myers, Carvalho, 1959

Sartor respectus Myers, Carvalho, 1959:149 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Jacaré , Rio Kuluene ( Culuene ), about 40 kilometers above its mouth (its junction with the Rio Tamitatoala, which forms the Rio Xingu). [Jacaré lies at approximately 12 degrees South Latitude, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is (or was) an encampment of the Fundação Brasil Central, and is shown on plate 117 of the Times Atlas of the World, vol. 5, 1957, although not present on earlier maps. The Culuene drains the northern slopes of the Serra do Roncador, which forms part of the Planalto of Mato Grosso]. Holotype: MNRJ 11355 .

Distribution: 322 (Santos, Jégu, 1987).

Sartor tucuruiense Santos, Jégu, 1987

Sartor tucuruiense Santos, Jégu, 1987:184 , fig. 3. Type locality: Rio Tocantins, cidade de Tucuruí, estado do Pará, Brasil (3°45’S, 49°12’W), cerca de 2 km abaixo da barrage de Tucuruí. [ Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 1165.

Distribution: 324 (Santos, Jégu, 1987).

SCHIZODON Agassiz, 1829

Schizodon Agassiz , in Spix, Agassiz, 1829:58, 66. Type species: Schizodon fasciatus Spix, Agassiz, 1829 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Author of genus name is Agassiz according to Kottelat (1988), author as Spix, Agassiz in (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Lahilliella Eigenmann, Kennedy , in Eigenmann, 1903:144. Type species: Schizodon nasutus Kner, 1858 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Anostomus .

Schizodon altoparanae Garavello, Britski, 1990

Schizodon altoparanae Garavello, Britski, 1990:158 , fig. 1A. Type locality: Rio Paraná, em frente a Jupiá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 41102 .

Distribution: 344 (Garavello, Britski, 1990).

Schizodon australis Garavello, 1994

Schizodon australis Garavello, 1994:182 , fig. 1a. Type locality: Rio Uruguai, no Porto de Santo Izidro , município de São Nicolau, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Holotype: MCP 12931 .

Distribution: 332 (Garavello, 1994).

Schizodon borellii (Boulenger, 1900)

Anostomus borellii Boulenger, 1900a:2 . Type locality: Carandasiñho. [Carandazinho is a municipality near Corumba, Rio Paraguay, Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Holotype: at BMNH. [Garavello, Britski, 2003:80].

Distribution: 343 (Garavello, Britski, 2019).

Schizodon dissimilis (Garman, 1890)

Anostomus dissimilis Garman, 1890a:22 . Type locality: Rio Puty. [Rio Poti, Piauí, Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 19383 . [Designated by Garavello, Britski, 2019:6].

Distribution: 323, 325, 326 (Garavello, Britski, 2019:6).

Schizodon fasciatus Spix, Agassiz, 1829

Schizodon fasciatus Spix, Agassiz, 1829:66 , Pl. 36. Type locality: Habitat in Brasiliae fluviis. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MHNN 781 .

Piabuca schizodon Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:112. Type locality: Nous les tenons de l’Amazone; de l’Esséquibo … golfe du Mexique, près de la lagune de Maracaïbo. Syntypes: MNHN A-8643 (1, dry) Maracaibo, A-9839 (2) Amazon, A-9840 (1) Essequibo; RMNH (1).

Schizodon fasciatum corti Schultz, 1944:269 , figs. 30–31a. Type locality: Río Palmar near Totuma, about 100 km southwest of Maracaibo. [ Venezuela]. Holotype: USNM 121300 .

Distribution: 310, 311, 315, 314, 316, 321, 318, 319, 320, 322, 324, 323 (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Remarks: Author of species name is Agassiz according to Kottelat (1988), author as Spix, Agassiz in (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Schizodon intermedius Garavello, Britski, 1990

Schizodon intermedius Garavello, Britski, 1990:159 , fig. 1B. Type locality: Ribeirão afluente do Rio Itaqueri , tributário do Rio Piracicaba, Águas de São Pedro, SP. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 41123 .

Distribution: 344 (Garavello, Britski, 1990).

Schizodon isognathus Kner, 1858

Schizodon isognathus Kner, 1858a:78 . Type locality: [provided in Kner (1859) as Rio Cuiaba, Brazil]. Lectotype: NMW 58855 . [Designated by Sidlauskas et al., (2007:717)].

Distribution: 343 (Sidlauskas, Garavello, Jellen, 2007).

Schizodon jacuiensis Bergmann, 1988

Schizodon jacuiensis Bergmann, 1988:15 , figs. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9. Type locality: Rio Guaíba , Ilha Balceira, Porto Alegre. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 5889 .

Distribution: 334 (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Remarks: This species is possibly junior synonym of Schizodon platae , according to DNA analysis Ramirez et al., 2020.

Schizodon knerii (Steindachner, 1875)

Anostomus knerii Steindachner, 1875b:211 [1], Pl. 1. Type locality: Rio grande do Sul, Rio San Francisco. [ Brazil]. Lectotype: NMW 62840 :2. [Designated by Bergmann, 1988:18. Catalog number of specimen corrected by Sidlauskas et al., 2007].

Distribution: 327 (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Schizodon nasutus Kner, 1858

Schizodon nasutus Kner, 1858a:78 . Type locality: [provided in Kner (1859) as Irisanga]. Syntypes: NMW 16223 (2).

Distribution: 344, 332, 333 (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Schizodon platae (Garman, 1890)

Anostomus platae Garman, 1890a:23 . Type locality: Rosario, La Plata. [ Argentina]. Holotype: MCZ 833 [not 1833 or 2833].

Distribution: 345 (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Schizodon rostratus (Borodin, 1931)

Anostomus rostratus Borodin, 1931:50 , Pl. 4 (fig. 2). Type locality: Rio Puty , Brazil. [Rio Poti, possibly at Teresina, Piauí, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 19380 .

Distribution: 325 (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Schizodon scotorhabdotus Sidlauskas, Garavello, Jellen, 2007

Schizodon scotorhabdotus Sidlauskas, Garavello, Jellen, 2007:712 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Venezuela, Guárico, Río Aguaro N of Cabruta on cattle ranch on E side of Río Guarico, 7°50’28”N, 66°30’28”W. Holotype: MBUCV-V-32950.

Distribution: 307, 308 (Sidlauskas et al., 2007).

Schizodon succinctus Burmeister, 1861

Schizodon succinctus Burmeister, 1861:535 . Type locality: Rio Paraná, bei Rozario. [ Argentina]. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown.

Distribution: 345 (Garavello, Britski, 2003).

Schizodon trivittatus Garavello, Ramirez, Oliveira, Britski, Birindelli, Galetti, 2021

Schizodon trivittatus Garavello, Ramirez, Oliveira, Britski, Birindelli, Galetti, 2021:18 , fig. 8. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, São José do Couto, Culuene River, a tributary of Xingu River , 13°49’01”S 53°14’45”W. Holotype: MZUSP 115362 .

Distribution: 361, 320, 322, 323 (Garavello et al., 2021).

Schizodon vittatus ( Valenciennes, 1850)

Piabuca vittata Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:115. Type locality: l’ Amazone. [type locality restricted to the Araguaia river Brazil.]. Holotype: MNHN A-1067 (dry).

Distribution: 324 (Garavello et al., 2021).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Garavello et al., 2021.

Species inquirenda ( Schizodon )

Leporinus platycephalus Meinken, 1935:196 , fig. 3. Type locality: Corrientes / Argentinien. Syntypes: ZMB 21915 (2) [Zarske, 2021a)..

Remarks: The species is possibly a junior synonym of Schizodon borellii (Garavello, Britski, 2003) .

SYNAPTOLAEMUS Myers, Fernández-Yépez, 1950

Synaptolaemus Myers, Fernández-Yépez , in Myers, 1950:190. Type species: Synaptolaemus cingulatus Myers, Fernández-Yépez, 1950 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Synaptolaemus latofasciatus (Steindachner, 1910)

Leporinus latofasciatus Steindachner, 1910:268 . Type locality: …aus dem Orinoco [ Venezuela]. Holotype: NMW 68187 .

Synaptolaemus cingulatus Myers, Fernández-Yépez , in Myers , 1950:190. Type locality: Laja Supira, upper Rio Orinoco, Venezuela. Holotype: SU 16122 .

Distribution: 308, 316, 320, 322, 321, 314 (Britski et al., 2011).

BRYCONIDAE Eigenmann, 1912

Bryconinae Eigenmann, 1912a:370 . Type genus: Brycon Müller, Troschel, 1844 . Salminini Cockerell, 1915:156. Type genus: Salminus Agassiz, 1829 .

Chalcinopsidi Fowler, 1958:10. Type genus: Chalcinopsis Kner, 1863 .

Henochilidi Fowler, 1958:8. Type genus: Henochilus Garman, 1890 .