Zimankos Argaman, 2003

Barbosa, Diego N., Hermes, Marcel Gustavo & Lepeco, Anderson, 2022, Phylogeny of Mesitiinae (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae): assessing their classification, character evolution and diversification, Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80, pp. 603-625 : 603

Zimankos Argaman, 2003

Remarks.

This genus is characterized by the malar space with sides parallel and as long as vertex-ocular line, the antennal pubescence dense and mid-sized (about 0.5 × flagellomeral width), the dorsal pronotal area with humeral angle projected, the hind wing with four hamuli, and the hypopygium with wide spiculum and long branches ( Azevedo et al. 2018). However, it was found to be polyphyletic (Figs 4 - 6 ). In order to solve this problem, several nomenclatural changes were needed, including: Botoryan syn. nov. is synonymized with Zimankos and its single species B. discolor (Nagy, 1968) is transferred to Zimankos , as Zimankos discolor (Nagy, 1968) comb. nov. . Zimankos makoa Barbosa & Azevedo, 2012 is herein transferred to Pilomesitius , P. makoa (Barbosa & Azevedo, 2012) comb. nov.; the same for Mesitius krombeini , which was recovered as sister group to a clade formed by four species of Gerbekas and Heterocoelia in the unpartitioned and partitioned Bayesian analysis. In both cases, the support for such groupings is low, indicated by posterior probability values below 0.4; thus, Mesitius krombeini Nagy, 1968 is herein transferred to Zimankos , Zimankos krombeini (Nagy, 1968) comb. nov.

Figures

Figure 4. Part of the cladogram obtained with parsimony under implied weighting (k = 11.674805), showing characteristics and tribes sensu Argaman. Red = Mesitiini; orange = Domonkosini; green = Heterocoeliini.

Figure 6. Part of the cladogram obtained with parsimony under implied weighting (k = 11.674805), showing newly proposed genera and symmetric resampling index.