Trigonoderinae new status

Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars & Rasplus, Jean-Yves, 2022, From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94, pp. 13-88 : 13

Trigonoderinae new status

Trigonoderini Bouček, 1964. Type genus: Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832.

Diagnosis.

Antenna with 12 flagellomeres. Mandibles often large but not falcate (Fig. 109 ). Scapula anteriorly exposed by narrow pronotum. Axilla hardly advanced. Axillula usually not enlarged, but if so ( Plutothrix Förster), then it is not convex (Fig. 110 ). Petiole simple, usually transverse and hardly visible.

Discussion.

Trigonoderinae are relatively distinctive pteromalids that differ from most others in the family in their long, large bodies in combination with complete notauli and a well-indicated frenal groove (displaced posteriorly in Platygerrhus Thomson). Many Pteromalinae are also large-bodied and can be confused superficially with Trigonoderinae , although they have incomplete notauli.

Figures

Figures 109 - 114. 109, 110 Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo) (Pteromalidae, Trigonoderinae) 109 lower face frontal view 110 mesosoma dorsal view 111 Cales noacki Howard (Calesidae): mesosoma lateral view 112 Eusandalum flavipenne Ruschka: mesosoma dorsal view 113 Pentacladia elegans Westwood: Mt 8 and Mt 9 fused, but delimited by an oblique suture below cercus 114 Chromeurytoma sp. (Megastigmidae, Chromeurytominae): head and mesosoma dorsal view.