Tachigali aurea Tul. (Tulasne 1844: 169)

Deccache, Lara Serpa Jaegge, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante & de Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti, 2024, Nomenclatural revision and typification of extra-Amazonian Tachigali (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae), Plant Ecology and Evolution 157 (2), pp. 137-148 : 137

1. Tachigali aurea Tul. (Tulasne 1844: 169)

Sclerolobium aureum (Tul.) Benth. ( Bentham 1870: 51) - Type: same as for Tachigali aurea .

Sclerolobium aureum var. velutinum Benth. ( Bentham 1870: 51) - Type: BRAZIL - São Paulo • s.d.; fl.; Riedel s.n.; lectotype (designated here): K [K000841634!]. - Mato Grosso do Sul • Brasilia. In campis siccis ad Rio Coxim; s.d.; fl.; L. Riedel 463; remaining syntype: K [K00264406!].

Sclerolobium aureum var. polyphyllum Hassl. ( Hassler 1910: 131) - Type: PARAGUAY - Esperanza • Sierra de Amambay, in campis, “Serrados” [Cerrado]; s.d.; fr.; T. Rojas (E. Hassler Herbarium n°10573); lectotype (designated here): G n°350821 [3 sheets, G00400107!, G00400052!, G00400051!]; isolectotypes: K [K000264419!], P [P00481991!].

Sweetia velutina Mohlenbr. ( Mohlenbrock 1963: 24), nom. illeg., non Sweetia velutina (Spreng.) G.Don - Type: BRAZIL - Goiás • Goiania; 20 Jan. 1957; fl.; M. Magalhães 8618; holotype: IAN [IAN106580!].

Acosmium mohlenbrockii Yakovlev ( Yakovlev 1969: 352) - Type: same as for Sweetia velutina .

Type.

BRAZIL - Mato Grosso • Cujaba Brasiliae austro-occidentalis [ Cuiabá]; 1829; fl.; A.L.P. Silva Manso 64. (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 1148); lectotype (designated here): P [P00835771!]; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000005215522!, BR0000005214891], F frag. [V0057952F!], G [2 sheets, G0367878!], HAL [HAL0120314!], K [K000780095!], M [M0215297!, M0215298!], NY [NY00022925!] .

Remaining syntypes.

BRAZIL - Bahia • "Marais de Japira"; 1840; fl.; Blanchet 3080; BR [BR0000005214860, BR0000005215195], G [G00367862; 2 sheets, G00367871; 2 sheets, G00367897], NY [NY01187809], P [P03641876, P03641940, P03641942], W [W0028305, W1889-0121563]. - Minas Gerais • "Minas Geraes prope Curvelho [Curvelo]. Bois n°65"; 1838; fl.; Claussen 965; GH [GH00286814], P [P0022921, P03641873, P03641884, P03641890, P03641892, P03641943, P03641944], RB [RB00539787].

Notes.

The name Tachigali has an orthographical variant initiated by Jussieu, who cited the genus as " Tachigalia " ( Jussieu 1789). Tulasne (1844) described the Tachigali species in his work as " Tachigalia ", and when describing Tachigali aurea , he cited two distinct forms (α and δ), lacking a subspecific epithet. For the first one, Tulasne (1844) attributed the gatherings of Claussen 965 and Blanchet 3080 as examined materials, while for the other one, he cited "Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. Number 1148", which is the type for the species. The forms were mainly distinguished by pubescence, petioles and petiolules shape, and inflorescence and flower colouration ( Tulasne 1844). Currently, all specimens cited by Tulasne are circumscribed in T. aurea , with no form designation ( Dwyer 1957).

Tulasne (1844) dedicated himself to the collection of the Museum of Natural History in Paris (P) ( Stafleu and Cowan 1979), and he makes it clear in the introduction of his work that most of the plants described are specimens from the "Brazilian herbarium" collection deposited at P. Considering the three gatherings cited by Tulasne (1844), 30 specimens were found, including one glass negative from B herbarium (F; Grimé and Plowman 1987). The specimen at B was not located because it was probably destroyed during World War II ( Merril 1943). The specimen at P (P00835771) was chosen as the lectotype (Fig. 1A, E ). It is well-preserved and belongs to the main type collection of the species (form δ). Tulasne could have had access to all the specimens found, and there is a good chance that this specimen in P was seen. Among the A.L.P. Silva Manso gathering, one from BR (BR0000005215522) was used to obtain information about the collector, as it is the only one with a handwritten label indicating Silva Manso as the collector, his collection number, and the date (Fig. 1B, F ).

Tuslane cited " Leptolobium luteum Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. N°1148 (Cat. Autor. Absque descriptione)" in the synonymy of T. aurea . However, this name represents a nomen nudum (see ICN Art. 38.2, Ex. 1; Turland et al. 2018) assigned by Martius in the manuscript, which contains the numbers 723 to 1310 of Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras., without description or diagnosis.

Bentham (1870) described S. aureum var. velutinum and cited two Riedel gatherings (see ICN Art. 9.6, Ex. 6; Turland et al. 2018); the author does not mention the herbarium of the specimens, only the locality. Bentham devoted himself to botanical studies in England and donated his herbarium to the Royal Botanic Gardens in 1854, herbarium K ( Urban 1906). Two specimens were found in K referring to the mentioned localities (Riedel 463 and Riedel 457), both with Riedel’s handwritten labels (Fig. 1C, G ), and they additionally have the stamp referring to Bentham’s herbarium (Fig. 1H ). The specimen collected in São Paulo (K000841634) is here designated as the lectotype (Fig. 1C ), as it is in accordance with the protologue, is well-preserved, and has the most complete material (entire inflorescence).

Hassler (1910) described S. aureum var. polyphyllum based on the glabrous leaves compared to S. aureum and cited a gathering of T. Rojas ( Hassler 1910), his herbarium number (E. Hassler Herbarium n°10573), and he had access to all samples, as his calligraph can be identified on the specimen’s label ( Burdet 1975). The material at G is chosen as the lectotype, as it agrees with the protologue, is well-preserved, and represents the completest material, with the vegetative part complete and fruits intact (Fig. 1D, I-K ).

Dwyer (1957) discussed the two forms of S. aureum created by Tulasne (1844), synonymised the varieties S. aureum var. velutinum and S. aureum var. polyphyllum in S. aureum var. aureum , and attributed the gathering of A.L.P. Silva Manso ("Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 1148") as the type. The author did not mention a single herbarium for it, but the syntypes (B, F, photo and fragment, NY, and US), so his citation for the type cannot be considered as the lectotypification of Tachigali aurea ( Dwyer 1957; see ICN Art. 7.11, Ex. 13; Turland et al. 2018). In addition, the author commented that the variety described by Bentham is probably equivalent to Tulasne’s α form, and after studying all materials, concluded that there is significant variation in the density of the pubescence of T. aurea ( Dwyer 1957).

Mohlenbrock (1963) described Sweetia velutina , a later homonym for the name Sweetia velutina (Spreng.) G.Don and attributed a specimen of Tachigali aurea as the holotype (Fig. 1L-M ). The basonym of this name was described by Sprengel (1826) and first combined by Don (1832). It is circumscribed in Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. In an attempt to validate the name, Yakovlev (1969) created Acosmium mohlenbrockii Yakov., a replacement name for Sweetia velutina Mohlenbr., based on the same type material. Both names are now synonyms of Tachigali aurea .

Figures

Figure 1. Type specimens of Tachigali aurea, Sclerolobium aureum var. velutinum, Sclerolobium aureum var. polyphyllum, Sweetia velutina, and Acosmium mohlenbrockii. A. Lectotype designated for Tachigali aurea. B. Specimen of S. aureum with specimen collection data. C. Lectotype designated for S. aureum var. velutinum. D. Lectotype designated for S. aureum var. polyphyllum [G 00400052]. E. Handwritten label with specimen data of S. aureum. F. Handwritten label with specimen collection data. G. Riedel's handwritten label with specimen collection data of S. aureum var. velutinum specimens. H. Bentham's herbaria stamp of S. aureum var. velutinum specimens with the date of 1854, the moment of inclusion in the Kew Herbarium (K). I. Label with specimen collection data of S. aureum var. polyphyllum. J - K. Lectotype designated for S. aureum var. polyphyllum [G 00400107, G 00400051]. L. Lectotype designated for Sweetia velutina. M. Handwritten label with specimen data of Sweetia velutina.