Irenimus duplex ( Broun, 1904 )

Brown, Samuel D. J., 2017, A revision of the New Zealand weevil genus Irenimus Pascoe, 1876 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Zootaxa 4263 (1), pp. 1-42 : 15-17

3. Irenimus duplex ( Broun, 1904)

Figures 9, 10 , 23, 24 , 32, 33 , 39 , 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 , 86

Catoptes duplex Broun, 1904:110

Irenimus duplex (Broun) ; May, 1977:226, Barratt et al., 1998:57

Diagnosis. Medium to large species; lens shaped to ovate; grey. Scape with appressed scales. Elytra with interstriae slightly swollen, almost tuberculate in some females. Metafemora with posterior face densely scaled, without bare area lacking scales. Males with ventrite 1 depressed; trichia on venter and distal half of metatibiae long and silky. Females with ventrites simple.

Description. Body length 4.46 mm to 6.87 mm (X = ̄ 5.68 mm, s = 0.85, n = 7). Integument black. Dorsum densely covered with greyish brown to greyish yellowish brown or light greyish brown appressed scales; often with paler V on elytral declivity, rarely extending beyond interstriae 3. Femora unicolorous, same colour as lateral elytra. Tarsi integument moderate reddish brown. Rostrum. Length 0.98 mm to 1.46 mm (X = ̄ 1.19 mm, s = 0.15, n = 8), width 0.64 mm to 0.94 mm (X = ̄ 0.78 mm, s = 0.10, n = 8), length/width ratio 1.45 to 1.57 (X = ̄ 1.52, s = 0.05, n = 8). Epifrons with appressed scales overlapping; elongate scales claviform, erect, dark; medial and lateral carinae evident. Dorsal carina moderately arched over antennal insertions. Lateral area ventrally of antennal insertions with fine setae and with appressed scales. Antennae. Scape when in repose reaching hind margin of eye; covered with appressed scales and setae. Funicular segments loosely articulated; segments 1 and 2 clavate, subequal, around two times longer than segment 3; segments 3 to 7 clavate, subequal. Head. Eyes ovate. Pronotum. Length 1.46 mm to 1.84 mm (X = ̄ 1.69 mm, s = 0.16, n = 4), width 1.55 mm to 2.00 mm (X = ̄ 1.79 mm, s = 0.23, n = 4), length/width ratio 0.90 to 1.04 (X = ̄ 0.95, s = 0.06, n = 4); widest in anterior 1/3, lateral margins evenly curved ( Figure 39 ). Anterior margin entire, posterior margin straight. Disc topography evenly convex; appressed scales closely tessellate, domed, thereby forming a bumpy surface; elongate scales claviform, erect, dark. Postocular lobes moderately developed. Anterior transverse groove weak beyond midpoint of eye. Posterior transverse groove well-developed. Lateral posterior margin evenly curved. Elytra. Length 3.00 mm to 4.20 mm (X = 3.50 mm, s = 0.50, n = 4), width 2.00 mm to 2.75 mm (X = ̄ 2.22 mm, s = 0.35, n = 4), length/width ratio 1.50 to 1.66 (X = ̄ 1.58, s = 0.08, n = 4). Anterior margin curved posteriad, humeral angles rounded. Appressed scales closely tessellate to narrowly overlapping. Elongate scales claviform, semi-erect, dark on disc, pale laterally and posteriorly. Striae moderately impressed; interstriae flat. Thoracic ventrites. Mesoventral process rounded. Metaventrite densely covered with tessellate appressed scales. Abdomen. Ventrites with inner vestiture composed almost exclusively of appressed scales, ventrites 1 to 5 densely clothed. Apex narrowly rounded. Males with ventrite 1 depressed medially, ventrite 5 flat. Females with ventrite 1 flat, ventrite 5 with a medial groove and slightly explanate apical margin. Legs. Metafemora with posterior face entirely scaled. Metatibiae with corbel present, narrow, bare; ventral margin of apex not emarginate. Male genitalia. Figures 53, 54 . Penis with apex truncate; dorsal plate narrowed medially. Endophallus moderate in length; possessing numerous large toothed proximal sclerites sited in the penis when in repose; aggonoporial sclerite with short anterior lobes and broad posterior lobes. Female genitalia. Figures 55–58 . Sternite 8 with blade elongate. Styli elongate. Vagina not sclerotised. Bursa copulatrix short, two oval sclerites present. Spermatheca thick; collum slightly produced; ramus produced, divergent with corpus.

DNA Sequences: COI. KX191364 , KX191440 , KX191441 . 28S. KX191935 , KX192017 , KX192018 . ArgK. KX191646 , KX191724 , KX191725 . CAD . KX 191169 .

Type material examined. Lectotype, here designated. Male (BMNH). Glued to card mount; claws on right metatarsus missing, otherwise entire. Labelled: ‘SYN- / TYPE’ [printed white disk with blue margin], ‘2879’ [handwritten, Broun’s hand], ‘New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482.’ [printed, off-white rectangular label, red rule below first line], ‘Ida Valley / Otago -’ [handwritten], ‘ Catoptes / duplex’ [handwritten, Broun’s hand], ‘LECTOTYPE / G.K. 1995’ [pink card with Lectotype printed, otherwise handwritten, Kuschel’s hand], ‘ Catoptes / duplex’ [handwritten], ‘BMNH(E) / 1237362’ [printed, white rectangular label], ‘LECTOTYPE / Catoptes / duplex / Broun 1904 / Designated SDJ Brown 2016’ [printed, red rectangular label].

Broun (1904) states that 5 specimens formed the type series. Four specimens are in the Broun collection, BMNH, two under the drawer label ‘ Inophloeus duplex’ and two under the drawer label ‘ Catoptes duplex’; it is from the latter series that the lectotype was selected. The fifth specimen is in NZAC, bearing a Kuschel paralectotype label. Kuschel never published this lectotype designation, and to ensure nomenclatural stability, a lectotype is here designated.

Non-type material examined. A total of 131 specimens examined (14 males, 8 females, 109 of undetermined gender).

SC: Little Roderick [-44.7721, 170.5818, A], 7 Feb 1978, Johns PM ( CMNZ: 1). MK: Benmore [-44.4424, 169.9939, A], 18 Jan 1966, Ramsay GW , 2500 feet, Beaten from Rubus and Muehlenbeckia ( NZAC: 3); Benmore Dam [-44.565, 170.1986, A], 19 Feb 1958, Cranfield RS ( NZAC: 1) ; Black Forest Stream [-44.4371, 170.2883, A], 6 Dec 1962, Johns PM, Scree ( NZAC: 1); Haldon Spurs [-44.4093, 170.3141, R], 16 Feb 1996, White EG , 720 m, Light trap (LUNZ: 1); Hydro Road, 18 Jan 1966, Townsend JI, 2000-3000 feet, On Raoulia ( NZAC: 1); Hydro Road, 18 Jan 1966, Townsend JI , 2000-3000 feet, Raoulia (NZAC: 1); Hydro Road, 18 Jan 1966, Townsend JI, 2200 feet, Lawyer and Muehlenbeckia (NZAC: 7); Lake Tekapo [-44.0044, 170.4839, A], 14 Dec 1992, Vink CJ ( LUNZ: 1); Lindis Pass [-44.5914, 169.6418, A], Hutton ( NZAC: 1); Moffatt Stream [-44.35423, 170.4697, R], 28 Nov 2006, Emberson RM, Syrett P , 1055 m, Under rocks on rocky top ( LUNZ: 1); Otematata [-44.6091, 170.1782, A], 19 Jan 1994, Roberts GM ( IACC: 1); Quailburn Road [-44.3607, 169.8265, R], 21 Apr 2014, Phillips CB, Pasture ( LUNZ: 1) ; Stony River [-44.36385, 170.3868, R], 30 Nov 2006, Emberson RM, Syrett P, 600 m, Under log ( LUNZ: 1) ; The Wolds Station [-44.05582, 170.4306, R], 19 Dec 2003, Emberson RM, Syrett P, 630 m, Swept from grassland ( LUNZ: 1) ; The Wolds Station [-44.05582, 170.4306, R], 19 Dec 2003, Emberson RM, Syrett P, 665 m, Under dry rocks on gravel river terrace ( LUNZ: 5) ; The Wolds Station [-44.13933, 170.2401, R], 17 Dec 2003, Emberson RM, Syrett P , 665 m, Under dry rocks on gravel river terrace ( LUNZ: 1). CO: Alexandra [- 45.2557, 169.3755, A], 1–31 Oct 1947, Simpson LO, Damaging apricot trees ( NZAC: 15); Alexandra [-45.2557, 169.3755, A], 14 Oct 1947, Simpson LO, Damaging apricot trees ( NZAC: 6); Alexandra [-45.2557, 169.3755, A], 20 Dec 1974, Stewart KH, Pitfall trap ( NZAC: 1); Alexandra [-45.2557, 169.3755, A] ( NZAC: 1); Beattie Road [- 44.939, 169.764, R], 12 Dec 2013, Brown SDJ , 430 m, Blower vac sample from road verge (LUNZ: 1); Central Otago, Lewis ( NZAC: 2); Crawford Hills Rd [-45.2142, 169.5845, A], 29 Oct 1979, Emberson RM , 548 m, Under rocks ( LUNZ: 1); Cromwell [-45.0422, 169.2028, A], 21 Nov 1974, Dugdale JS, Riverside boulder and sand beach ( NZAC: 1); Cromwell [-45.0422, 169.2028, A], 21 Nov 1974, Watt JC, Litter ( NZAC: 3); Cromwell Chafer Beetle Reserve [-45.06202, 169.17978, A], 14 Dec 1999, Johns PM, Burnt pine logs ( CMNZ: 3); Cromwell Chafer Reserve [-45.06202, 169.17978, A], 13 Mar 1979, Watt JC, Litter and debris ( NZAC: 1); Cromwell Chafer Reserve [-45.06202, 169.17978, A], 17 Nov 1977, Watt JC ( NZAC: 1); Cromwell Gorge [-45.1122, 169.3088, A], 21–27 Nov 1974, Watt JC, Pitfall trap ( NZAC: 1); Cromwell Gorge [-45.1122, 169.3088, A], 21 Nov 1974, Watt JC, Litter ( NZAC: 10); Cromwell Gorge [-45.1122, 169.3088, A], 21 Nov 1974, Watt JC, Litter under grass on sand ( NZAC: 1); Earnscleugh [-45.2159, 169.3149, A], 8 Oct 1948, Hawkins JE ( NZAC: 1); Flat Top Hill [-45.3363, 169.3282, A], 21 Sep 1996, Patrick BH, Patrick H ( OMNZ: 1); Hyde [-45.2979, 170.2507, A], 28 Sep 1966, French RA ( NZAC: 1); Hyde Rock [-45.3893, 169.1974, A], 22 Feb 1974, Watt JC , 1585 m, Under stones ( NZAC: 1); Lindis Pass [-44.5914, 169.6418, A], 28 Oct 1964, Johns PM , 2100 feet, Muehlenbeckia and Discaria scree ( NZAC: 1); Lookout, Old Man Range , 20 Feb 1974, Dugdale JS, Sweeping shrubs ( NZAC: 1) ; Lower Manor Burn Dam [-45.2424, 169.4457, A], 8 Mar 1979, Watt JC, Under stones ( NZAC: 5); Manorburn [-45.3841, 169.6175, A], 26 Oct 1981, Watt JC , 300 m, Under Raoulia australis ( NZAC: 3); Manorburn [-45.3841, 169.6175, A], 26 Oct 1981, Watt JC , 300 m, Under stones ( NZAC: 1); Mt Grandview [-44.638, 169.342, R], 24 Apr 2014, Phillips CB, Under rock ( LUNZ: 1); Omakau, 11–16 Feb 1988, Bowie MH, Yellow pan trap in shoreline Coprosma repens ( LUNZ: 1); Ophir [-45.1112, 169.609, A], 1 Jan–31 Dec 1902, Lewis JH ( NZAC: 2); Ophir [-45.1112, 169.609, A], 24 Aug 1901, Lewis JH ( NZAC: 2); Ophir Saddle, 14 Apr 1968, Johns PM, Scree ( CMNZ: 1); Queensberry Dam Site [-44.84505, 169.34015, A], 26 Oct 1979, Emberson RM, Under stones ( LUNZ: 1); Raggedy Range [-45.155, 169.6279, A], 10 Nov 1968, Townsend JI ( NZAC: 2); Roaring Meg [-44.9559, 169.046, A], 17 Nov 1977, Watt JC, Litter ( NZAC: 1); Roaring Meg [-44.9559, 169.046, A], 18 May 1975, May BM, Beaten at night from Poa ( NZAC: 3); Roaring Meg [-44.9559, 169.046, A], 25 Nov 1974, Watt JC, Beaten from shrubs at night ( NZAC: 7); Roaring Meg [-44.9559, 169.046, A], 25 Oct 1981, Watt JC, Tussock litter ( NZAC: 1); Sandflat Rd [-45.0633, 169.1641, A], 19–28 Nov 1974, Watt JC, Pitfall trap ( NZAC: 1); Tiroiti [-45.2585, 170.2645, A], 1–31 Jan 1897, Lewis JH, Under stones ( NZAC: 10); Tiroiti [-45.2585, 170.2645, A], Lewis JH ( NZAC: 2); Wedderburn [- 45.0342, 170.0144, A], 1–31 Jan 1899, Lewis JH ( NZAC: 2).

Distribution. South Island:—/ SC, MK, CO /—( Figure 86 ).

SC: Kurow. MK: Lake Benmore; Lake Tekapo; Lindis Pass; Omarama; Otematata. CO: Alexandra; Becks; Central Otago; Clyde; Cromwell; Hyde; Kawarau Gorge; Lake Hawea; Lindis Pass; Manorburn; Old Man Range; Omakau; Ophir; Raggedy Range; Tarras; Tiroiti; Wedderburn.

Elevational range. Label data: 300 m to 1585 m (X = ̄ 663 m, s = 239, n = 30). Georeferenced data: 143 m to 1665 m (X = ̄ 433 m, s = 314, n = 116).

Biology. Irenimus duplex inhabits rough grassland and shrubland in Central Otago and the Mackenzie Country. Specimens were frequently collected from under stones or logs, or beaten from shrubs and vines including matagouri ( Discaria toumatou Raoul, 1844 ), Muehlenbeckia complexa (A. Cunn.) Meissn. , and lawyer ( Rubus schmidelioides A. Cunn., 1839 ). Several specimens were collected in 1947 damaging apricot trees ( Prunus armeniaca L., 1753), however, no recent records exist and this species is not considered to be of economic importance.

Figures

FIGURE 86. Distributions of Irenimus duplex (circles), I. parilis (squares) and I. thoracicus (triangles).

FIGURES 9 – 14. Habitus photographs of Irenimus males. 9, 10: I. duplex. 11, 12: I. parilis. 13, 14: I. thoracicus, holotype. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 23 – 28. Habitus photographs of Irenimus females. 23, 24: I. duplex. 25, 26: I. parilis. 27, 28: I. thoracicus. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 29 – 34. Left metatibia, anterior view. 29, Irenimus minimus; 30, Irenimus parilis; 31, Irenimus parilis, apical view; 32, Irenimus duplex; 33, Irenimus duplex, apical view; 34, Chalepistes compressus. Abbreviations: cl – corbel; sc—setal comb; ve—ventral emargination. Drawings not to scale.

FIGURES 39 – 40. Pronotum, dorsal view with head to top of image. 39, Irenimus duplex; 40, Irenimus thoracicus.

FIGURES 53 – 58. Genitalia of Irenimus duplex. 53, penis, dorsal view; 54, aedeagus, lateral view; 55, tergite 8, dorsal view; 56, ovipositor, dorsal view; 57, ovipositor and spermatheca, lateral view; 58, sternite 8, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm; 5 3, 54 at same scale; 55 – 58 at same scale.