Confluentia, Santos-Silva & Galileo & Mcclarin, 2018

Santos-Silva, Antonio, Galileo, Maria Helena M. & Mcclarin, Jim, 2018, Division of the genera Sparna Thomson, 1864 and Carterica Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini) with description of six new genera and eight new species, Zootaxa 4407 (1), pp. 1-28 : 22

Confluentia gen. nov.

Type species: Carterica soror Belon, 1896 .

Etymology. Latin, confluentia (noun) = confluence, flowing together. In allusion to the joining of the elytral carinae. Feminine gender.

Description. Body slightly flattened; head hypognathous; frons from about as long as wide to slightly wider than long; antennal tubercles moderately elevated, their inner margins together forming an open V; antennae distinctly longer than body; scape gradually widened toward apex, not carinate and/or sulcate at inner side, with long, erect, sparse or moderately abundant setae ventrally; antennomere III not to somewhat widened, with sparse to abundant setae ventrally; antennomere IV not to somewhat widened, with sparse short, erect, setae ventrally, from about as long to distinctly shorter than III; prothorax trapezoidal, forming distinct tooth or spine near base, with short constriction between base and widest area; prosternal process laminiform or noticeably narrow centrally; mesoventral process always narrow, not laminiform; elytra nearly parallel-sided from base to near apex or gradually widened from base to near apex (widest area, at most, 1.5 times humeral width), with distinct spine in outer distal angle, sinuous toward sutural angle (strongly emarginate close to outer spine and nearly truncate toward sutural angle in C. nigrolineata ), with sutural angle rounded and not projected, rounded and projected, or with short spine; elytra with humeral carina well-marked from base to apex or nearly so; elytra with sparse, moderately short, erect, setae on distal area; epipleuron vertical, not visible in dorsal view; elytra with two longitudinal carina on dorsal surface, outermost from base to apex, curved toward suture distally, innermost fused with outermost near apex (sometimes the fusion is indistinct); femora pedunculate-clavate; metatarsomere I about as long as II–V together; last abdominal segment gradually, uniformly narrowed toward apex, with outer angles spined.

Remarks. Confluentia differs from Piriana by distally fused elytral carinae, with outer most carina always curved inward (not fused and outermost not curved inward in Piriana ). It can be separated from Sparna by the elytra not noticeably widened distally and epipleuron not becoming subhorizontal apically (notably widened and epipleuron subhorizontal toward apex in Sparna ), and from Carterica by the humeral carina reaching elytral apex (present only on basal 2/ 3 in Carterica ).

Species included: Confluentia rubra (Martins & Galileo, 2005) , comb. nov. (see photograph of the holotype at Bezark 2017); C. colombiana ( Gilmour, 1950) , comb. nov. ( Figs 51–52 ); C. soror (Belon, 1896) , comb. nov. ( Figs 20 , 67 ); C. nigrolineata ( Fuchs, 1956) , comb. nov. ( Figs 55–57 ); C. pallida ( Gilmour, 1950) , comb. nov. ( Figs 53–54 ); C. nigra sp. nov. ( Figs 58–61 ); C. flavomaculata sp. nov. ( Figs 62–66 ).

Figures

FIGURES 51–61. 51–52, Sparna colombiana, dorsal habitus, holotype female; 51, dorsal habitus (photograph by Laura Trinogga); 52, dorsal habitus, drawing by Gilmour (1950). 53–54, Sparna pallida, holotype male; 53, dorsal habitus (photograph by Laura Trinogga); 54, dorsal habitus, drawing by Gilmour (1950). 55–57, Sparna nigrolineata, holotype (photographs by Herbert Schmid): 55, dorsal habitus; 56, ventral habitus; 57, detail elytral and abdominal apices, ventral view. 58–61, Confluentia nigra, sp. nov.; holotypefemale:58, dorsal habitus; 59, ventral habitus;60, lateral habitus; 61, head,frontal view.

FIGURES 18–27. 18–19, Sparna bosqi, holotype male:18, dorsal habitus (photograph by Laura Trinogga); 19, dorsal habitus, drawing by Gilmour (1954). 20, Carterica soror, holotype, dorsal habitus (from Bezark 2017). 21, Carterica soror, male (from Monné & Monné 2008). 22–23, Sparna migsominea, holotype male: 22, dorsal habitus (photograph by Laura Trinogga); 23, dorsal habitus, drawing by Gilmour (1950). 24–27, Pseudosparna flaviceps, male: 24, head, frontal view; 25, lateral habitus; 26, dorsal habitus; 27, ventral habitus.

FIGURES 62–67. 62–66, Confluentia flavomaculata, sp. nov., holotype female: 62, dorsal habitus; 63, ventral habitus; 64, lateral habitus; 65, head, frontal view; 66, scape.67, C. soror, scape, holotype.