Satsuma swinhoei, Wu & Hwang & Lin, 2008

Wu, Shu-Ping, Hwang, Chung-Chi & Lin, Yao-Sung, 2008, Systematic revision of the arboreal snail Satsuma albida species complex (Mollusca: Camaenidae) with descriptions of 14 new species from Taiwan, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (3), pp. 437-493 : 449-452

SATSUMA SWINHOEI SP. NOV. ( FIGS 7 , 8 )

Material examined

Type specimen: Holotype: TMMT 0605 (from type locality, dry shell, tissue in alcohol). Nine paratypes: all from type locality, NMNS 005405-1 (dry shell, tissue in alcohol, dissected); TMMT 0617–0620 (N = 4, dry shell, tissue in alcohol); BMNH 20060754 , BMNH 20060755 , ANSP 413675 , SMF 329384 (dry shell, tissue in alcohol).

Type locality

Qingshan, Pingtung County, southern Taiwan ( Fig. 1 , Table 1) .

Diagnosis

Shell and soft body white with grey pedal stripe; periphery keeled; base of bursa stalk slender; distal vagina short; penis surface smooth.

Etymology

In memory of the prominent naturalist, Mr Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877) who discovered the first S. albida .

Description

Shell ( Fig. 7 ): Dextral, conical, thin, rigid, medium sized. Apex obtuse. Whorls expanded. Periphery bluntly angulated, keeled. Base inflated. Preapertural constriction behind outer and inferior lips present. Surface smooth, glossy with spiral striae. Shell colour milky white with fine periostracum. Aperture diagonal, ovate-lunate to tetragonal. Peristome thin, expanded, reflected at curved inferior lip. Superior columellar lip vertical, reflected, covering umbilicus mostly. Inferior columellar lip oblique, obtusely angulated at junction with inferior lip.

Band or stain: Polymorphism exists in this taxon. Some individuals exhibit a light red-brown to purple stain around and in the umbilicus. Band formula = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 0; 1 0 0 0 5 0 7 8; 1 0 0 0 5 6 7 8; 1 0 0 0 (5 6 7) 8; 1 0 0 4 0 6 7 8.

Reproductive system ( Fig. 8 ): The genital morphology of the present species is similar to that of S. hagiomontis sp. nov. but with following exceptions: (1) the base of the bursa stalk is expanded only, not conical; (2) the two cecal pilasters are weak, merely stronger than the ridges in the penial caecum and (3) the distal vagina is swollen and short, oneseventh the length of the vagina. One individual was dissected.

Distribution

The species was only found in a limited area of mid-altitude (1000–1200 m) forest near Qingshan Village , Pingtung County, southern Taiwan ( Fig. 1 , Table 1) .

Remarks

Inhabits from 2 m above the ground to the canopy. Adults were found in summer and autumn ( Fig. 7Q, R ).

The present species is close to S. albida genetically, but the shell and genitalia morphologies resemble S. hagiomontis sp. nov. (see Phylogeny). The species differs from S. albida in having a keeled periphery, short distal vagina and larger shell dimensions ( Table 2). Satsuma swinhoei sp. nov. differs from S. hagiomontis sp. nov. in the opaque shell, straight inferior columellar lip, tetragonal aperture, angulated junction between the inferior lip and the columellar lip, slender base of the bursa stalk and slender penial caecum.

SATSUMA INSIGNIS ( PILSBRY & HIRASE, 1906)

( FIGS 9 , 10 )

Ganesella albida insignis Pilsbry & Hirase, 1906 [1905]: 736. (15 Jan 1906)

Ganesella albida insignis, Kuroda, 1941: 144 , No. 1062.

Coniglobus (Luchuhadra) albida insignis, Chang, 1984: 15 .

Satsuma albida insignis, Richardson, 1985: 268 ; Hsieh et al., 2006: 232.

Satsuma albidum insignis, Lai, 1990: 49 . [incorrect gender ending]

Material examined

Type specimen: Lectotype: ANSP 89989 (dry shell), subsequently designated by Baker (1963). One paralectotype: ANSP 412186 (dry shell).

Additional material: Five specimens were collected from Tengzhi, north-east Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan and deposited as vouchers: TMMT P- 0280-1 (dry shell, tissue in alcohol, dissected); TMMT P- 0278– P- 0280 (dry shell, tissue in alcohol); BMNH 20060783, ANSP 413694 (dry shell).

Type locality

Hotawa, Taiwan (near Jiaxian, Kaohsiung County, southern Taiwan at present) .

Diagnosis

Shell and soft body white with grey pedal stripe; shell thick; body whorl suddenly widened anterior to peristome; aperture height smaller than width.

Etymology

L. insignis : distinguished.

Description

Shell ( Fig. 9 ): Dextral, conical, thick, rigid, medium sized. Apex obtuse. Whorls inflated. Periphery bluntly angulated. Base flat. Pre-apertural constriction behind outer and inferior lips present. Shell colour porcelain white. Surface smooth, with axial and spiral striae. Body whorl suddenly widened anterior to peristome. Aperture subvertical, trapeziform to ovate-lunate. Peristome thin. Inferior lip expanded, reflected; outer lip less expanded and reflected, in right-lateral view curved forward; junction between outer lip and inferior lip angulated acutely. Superior columellar lip reflected. Umbilicus covered by columellar lip mostly, crevice-like. Junction between vertical columellar lip and curved inferior lip angulated.

Band or stain: Polymorphism exists in this taxon. Most individuals exhibit a black-purple stain around the columella, columellar lip and inferior lip. The outer lip is paler in colour. Band formula = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 8; 1 0 0 0 0 6 7 8; 1 0 0 4 0 0 7 8.

Reproductive system ( Fig. 10 ): Bursa stalk long, regularly tapering towards bursa copulatrix. Proximal vagina moderately muscular, gross, smooth externally, with 13 wavy folds inside; middle vagina also muscular, more constrictive than proximal part, with 12 moderate, smooth folds inside; distal vagina onethird length of vagina. Flagellum long, tapering. Epiphallus with three wide but weak pilasters inside. Penial caecum short, tapering with a blunt tip; cecal pilaster two in number, weak but still prominent compared with ridges in penial caecum. Principal pilaster and proximal penis absent; middle penis moderately swollen, muscular, obviously striated externally, with equally strong and elevated internal pilasters six to eight in number; junction between the middle and distal penis constrictive expeditiously; distal penis swollen, muscular, with one strong, high pilaster and four to seven wide but weak pilasters. Three specimens were dissected.

Distribution

The animals were only found in the Tengzhi area, north-east Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan ( Fig. 1 , Table 1).

Remarks

Inhabits from above 5 m ( Fig. 9Q, R ). Life span is probably more than 1 year. Mature individuals were often observed during winter. The correct date of publication was emended based on Clench & Turner (1962). This species differs from S. albida in having a more flattened base, more angulated periphery, more protruding body whorl anterior to peristome, thicker shell, larger shell size and greater number of whorls. The protruding body whorl and thick shell can differentiate this species from other white-shelled species in west Taiwan.

Figures

Figure 1. Sampling localities of all taxa in Taiwan. Bold line, Central Range; thin line, administrative boundary.

Figure 7. Satsuma swinhoei sp. nov. A–D, holotype (TMMT 0605, shell height = 18.5 mm). E, F, paratype (BMNH 20060754, shell height = 16.3 mm). G, H, paratype (TMMT 0617, shell height = 17.2 mm). I, J, paratype (TMMT 0618, shell height = 17.3 mm). K, L, paratype (TMMT 0619, shell height = 17.3 mm). M, N, paratype (NMNS 005405-1, shell height = 16.3 mm). O, P, paratype (TMMT 0620, shell height = 18.2 mm). Q, R, living specimens. Arrow indicates the pre-apertural constriction.

Figure 8. Reproductive system of Satsuma swinhoei sp. nov. (paratype, NMNS 005405-1). A, whole genitalia; B, interior of genitalia. Scale bar = 5 mm. See text for abbreviations.

Figure 9. Satsuma insignis. A–D, lectotype (ANSP 89989, shell height = 16.8 mm). E–H, paralectotype (ANSP 412186, shell height = 15.8 mm). I, J, (TMMT P-0278, shell height = 16.5 mm). K, L, (TMMT P-0279, shell height = 18 mm). M, N, (BMNH 20060783, shell height = 17 mm). O, P, (TMMT P-0280, shell height = 20 mm). Q, living specimen. R, copulation. Arrow indicates the pre-apertural constriction.

Figure 10. Reproductive system of Satsuma insignis (TMMT P-0280-1, Tengzhi). A, whole genitalia; B, interior of genitalia. Scale bar = 5 mm. See text for abbreviations.