Ischnothyreus crenulatus, Edward & Harvey, 2014

Edward, Karen L. & Harvey, Mark S., 2014, Australian Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Ischnothyreus (Araneae, Oonopidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (389), pp. 1-144 : 62-74

Ischnothyreus crenulatus , new species Figures 33–42 , map 7

TYPES: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Male holotype and female allotype from Mount

Hypipamee National Park , 17.43333 ° S, 145.4833 ° E, 950 m (5 Oct 1980, G. Monteith), deposited in QM (³ holotype: QM S95937 , PBI _ OON 00025966 ; ♀ allotype: QM S95938 , PBI _ OON 00025754 ) .

ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin crenala meaning ‘‘little rounded projection’’ ( Brown, 1956), and refers to the stout digitiform subdistal projection on the male palpal bulb.

DIAGNOSIS: The male of this species exhibits heavily sclerotized labium and endites (fig. 33H) and can be distinguished from other species by the presence of a subdistal modification that is divided into two, with a digitiform process projected laterally (figs. 33H, 42A, B, E). The epigynal atrium of the female appears heart shaped and the depressions almost in the shape of wings either side of medial extension of the cuticle (figs. 33I, 42).

MALE (PBI_OON 25966, figs. 33A–C, G– H, 42A–E; paratype ³, figs. 34, 36–38A–D, 39B–F, 40C–F, 41C–F). Total length 1.56. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace pale orange– olive brown, broadly oval in dorsal view, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view (fig. 34A), anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its maximum width or less, anterolateral corners with slightly sclerotized triangular projections, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica finely reticulate, sides strongly reticulate (fig. 34B). Clypeus margin unmodified, curved downward in front view, low, ALE separated from edge of carapace by less than their radius (fig. 34D); setae light. Eyes: ALE largest, ALE circular, PME circular, PLE oval; posterior eye row straight from above; ALE touching, ALE-PLE touching. Sternum as long as wide, pale orange, darker anteriorly near labium forming unique shape, the base of which has large patch of 26 fine setae (fig. 33H); setae dark, evenly scattered. Chelicerae, endites, and labium dark redbrown. Chelicerae slightly divergent, anteri- or face unmodified; promargin with one or two larger denticles; fang normal, without prominent basal process (fig. 37A–D); setae dark. Labium elongated hexagon, not fused to sternum, anterior margin indented at middle, much more heavily sclerotized than sternum; with six or more setae on anterior margin (figs. 36B, C, 37E). Endites anteromedian tip with one strong, toothlike projection, much more heavily sclerotized than sternum. ABDOMEN: Ovoid; dorsum soft portions white. Book lung covers elliptical. Dorsal scutum pale orange to olive brown, covering more than 3/4 of abdomen, more than 1/2 to most of abdo- men width, middle surface smooth, sides smooth. Epigastric scutum small lateral sclerites absent. Postepigastric scutum pale orange, covering about 3/4 of abdominal length. Dorsum, epigastric area, and postepigastric area setae dark. LEGS: Pale orange, without color pattern; patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace. Leg spination: femora: I p0-1-1; II p0-1-0; tibiae: I, II p2-2-0; v2-2-0; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; v1-1-0. GEN- ITALIA: Palp proximal segments dark redbrown; embolus dark, femur shorter than trochanter; patella about as long as femur; tibia with three trichobothria; cymbium dark red-brown; bulb dark red-brown, more than two times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically; embolic region not obtusely bent at right angle, with complex modifications, subdistal digitiform process projected laterally (figs. 36E, F, 42A, B, E); apparent embolus opening at distal tip, excavated (fig. 36F).

FEMALE ( PBI _OON 25754, figs. 33D–F, I, 42F; paratype ♀, figs. 35, 38E, F, 39A, 40A, B, 41A, B). Total length 1.80. CEPHALO- THORAX: Carapace pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view. Sternum longer than wide. Chelicerae, endites, and labium pale orange. ABDOMEN: Epigastric scutum small lateral sclerites present. Postepigastric scutum widely hexagonal, covering about 1/3 of the abdominal length. LEGS: Leg spination: femora: I p0-1-1 ; II p0-1-0; tibiae: I, II p2-2-0; v2-2-0; metatarsi: I, II p1-1-0; v1-1-0. GENITALIA: Ventral view: epigynal atrium heart shaped, depressions almost wing shap- ed either side of anterior necklike indents; convoluted duct thicker than apodemes (figs. 33I, 42F).

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: AUS- TRALIA: Queensland: 3 km W of Bones Knob , rainforest, 1140 m, 17.23333 ° S, 145.41670 ° E, Dec. 10, 1995, to Feb. 09, 1996 (G. Monteith, D. Cook, G. Thompson, QM S43353 , PBI _OON 21793), 1 ³ ; Baldy Mountain, SW. of Atherton , rainforest, leaf litter, 1200 m, 17.26666 ° S, 145.41666 ° E, Oct. 10, 1980 (G. Monteith, QM S12956 , PBI _OON 25792), 1 ³, 3 ♀ ; Baldy Mountain, SW. of Atherton , rainforest, leaf litter, 1200 m, 17.26666 ° S, 145.41666 ° E, Oct. 10, 1980 (G. Monteith, QM S12966 , PBI _OON 25795), 1 ³, 1 ♀ ; Baldy Mountain Road, SW Atherton, rainforest, leaf litter, 1150 m, 17.26667 ° S, 145.41670 ° E, Dec. 9, 1988 (G. Monteith, G. Thompson, QM S59270 , PBI _OON 22130), 1 ³, 2 ♀ ; Boonjee, near Malanda , rainforest, leaf litter, 700 m, 17.40000 ° S, 145.73330 ° E, Dec. 8, 1988 (G. Monteith, G. Thompson, QM S58088 , PBI _OON 25938), 1 ³ ; Evelyn River, SE Herberton , rainforest, leaf litter, 17.53333 ° S, 145.33333 ° E, Aug. 29, 1977 (A. Walford- Huggins, ANIC, PBI _OON 25787), 1 ³, 2 ♀ ; Herberton Range State Forest, Forestry track, rainforest, leaf litter, 17.27111 ° S, 145.42277 ° E, Apr. 23, 2009 (K. Edward and P. Cullen, QM S95939 , PBI _ OON 5536 ), 1 ³ ; Herberton Range State Forest, Forestry track, rainforest, leaf litter, 17.28805 ° S, 145.42138 ° E, Apr. 24, 2009 (K. Edward and P. Cullen, QM S95940 , PBI _ OON 5563 ), 2 ³, 2 ♀ ; Herberton Range State Forest, Forestry track, rainforest, leaf litter, 17.28805 ° S, 145.42722 ° E, Apr. 24, 2009 (K. Edward and P. Cullen, QM S95941 , PBI _OON 26314), 3 ³, 1 ♀ ; same data ( WAM T130761 ), 2 ³, 1 ♀ ; Lake Barrine , rainforest, leaf litter, 750 m, 17.25000 ° S, 145.63330 ° E, Oct. 4, 1980 (G. Monteith, QM S12973 , PBI _OON 25790), 1 ³, 1 ♀ ; Lake Barrine , rainforest, leaf litter, 750 m, 17.25000 ° S, 145.63330 ° E, Oct. 8, 1980 (G. Monteith, QM S12960 , PBI _OON 25794), 2 ♀ ; Longlands Gap State Forest , forest, 17.45500 ° S, 145.47420 ° E, July 23– Nov. 26, 1992 (R. Raven, P. Lawless, E. Lawless, M. Shaw, QM S19940 , PBI _OON 21966), 7 ³, 1 ♀ ; Maalan Road , 1.5 km S Palmerston highway, rainforest, leaf litter, 750 m, 17.60000 ° S, 145.70000 ° E, Nov. 26, 1994 (G. Monteith, QM S46946 , PBI _OON 21780), 1 ♀ ; Maalan Road , 2 km S Palmerston highway, rainforest, 750 m, 17.60000 ° S, 145.70000 ° E, Nov. 26, 1994, to Jan. 10, 1995 (G. Monteith, J. Hasenpusch, QM S32437 , PBI _OON 22061), 2 ³, 1 ♀ ; Millaa Millaa Falls , rainforest, leaf litter, 800 m, 17.46667 ° S, 145.60000 ° E, May 17, 1995 (G. Monteith, QM S43871 , PBI _OON 22025), 2

Map 7. Map of northeastern Queensland, central Wet Tropics Bioregion, showing recorded distributions of Ischnothyreus crenulatus (+), I. ovinus (N) and I. bualveus (Z). Wet Tropics upland subregions outlined in grey (see map 1).

♀; Mount Fisher , 7 km SW Millaa Millaa, Kjellberg Road, rainforest, leaf litter, 1000 m, 17.55000 ° S, 145.56670 ° E, May 3, 1983 (G. Monteith, D. Yeates, QM S16091 , PBI _OON 25789), 1 ♀ ; Mount Hypipamee National Park , 14 km SW Malanda, rainforest, 950 m, 17.43333 ° S, 145.48333 ° E, July 24–Aug. 2, 1982 (S. and J. Peck, AMNH, PBI _ OON 5303 ), 1 ♀ ; Mount Hypipamee National Park , 14 km SW Malanda, rainforest, leaf litter, 950 m, 17.43333 ° S, 145.48333 ° E, July 24–Aug. 2, 1982 (S. and J. Peck, AMNH, PBI _ OON 5304 ), 1 ³, 1 ♀ ; Mount Hypipamee National Park , walking track to crater, rainforest, leaf litter, 17.42361 ° S, 145.48500 ° E, Apr. 29, 2009 (K. Edward and P. Cullen, QM S95942 , PBI _ OON 5555 ), 1 ♀ ; Mount Hypipamee National Park , rainforest, leaf litter, 950 m, 17.43333 ° S, 145.48330 ° E, Oct. 5, 1980 (G. Monteith, QM S12970 , PBI _OON 25793), 1 ♀ ; Palmerston National Park , rainforest, 670 m, 17.58834 ° S, 145.70000 ° E, Nov. 30, 1992, to Apr. 15, 1993 (R.J. and S. Raven, P. and E. Lawless, QM S22948 , PBI _OON 21670), 5 ³, 1 ♀ ; Palmerston National Park (NQ 11b), rainforest, 670 m, 17.58834 ° S, 145.70000 ° E, July 25–30, 1992 (R. Raven, P. Lawless, E. Lawless, M. Shaw, QM S21922 , PBI _OON 21669), 6 ³, 2 ♀ ; Palmerston National Park (NQ 11b), rainforest, 670 m, 17.58834 ° S, 145.70000 ° E, July 25–Nov. 30, 1992 (R. Raven, P. Lawless, E. Lawless, M. Shaw, QM S24436 , PBI _OON 21712), 2 ³, 1 ♀ ; Palmerston National Park (NQ 11b), rainforest, 670 m, 17.58834 ° S, 145.70000 ° E, Oct. 30, 1991, to July 24, 1992 (R. Raven, P. Lawless, M. Shaw, QM S24727 , PBI _OON 22140), 13 ³ ; Plath Road , rainforest, leaf litter, 1150 m, 17.37667 ° S, 145.46170 ° E, Nov. 30, 1997 (G. Monteith, QM S43010 , PBI _OON 21765), 2 ♀ ; Tully Falls State Forest , rainforest, leaf litter, 17.62472 ° S, 145.59361 ° E, Oct. 4, 1978 (A. Walford- Huggins, ANIC, PBI _OON 25788), 1 ³, 1 ♀ ; Tully Gorge National Park , start of Rhyolite Pinnacle trail, rainforest, leaf litter, 17.69500 ° S, 145.52333 ° E, Apr. 28, 2009 (K. Edward and P. Cullen, QM S95943 , PBI _ OON 5556 ), 1 ³ ; Tully Gorge National Park , start of Rhyolite Pinnacle trail, rainforest, leaf litter, 17.69500 ° S, 145.52333 ° E, Apr. 28, 2009 (K. Edward and P. Cullen, QM S95944 , PBI _OON 26313), 1 ♀ .

DISTRIBUTION: This species is known only from the Atherton Tableland (AU subregion), of the Wet Tropics Bioregion, in northeastern Queensland (map 7).

Figures

Fig. 33. Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Holotype male (PBI_OON 00025966): A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. habitus, lateral view; G. carapace, anterior view; H. sternum, ventral view. Allotype female (PBI_OON 00025754): D. habitus, dorsal view; E. habitus, ventral view; F. habitus, lateral view; I. epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 34. Scanning electron micrographs of Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Paratype male (PBI_OON 00005563): A. carapace, lateral view; B. carapace, close-up of reticulate surface structure; C. carapace, lateral view; D. eyes and clypeus, lateral view; E. abdomen, ventral view; F. abdomen, lateral view.

Fig. 35. Scanning electron micrographs of Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Paratype female (PBI_OON 00005563): A. carapace, lateral view; B. carapace, dorsal view; C. carapace, lateral view; D. eyes and clypeus, lateral view; E. epigynum, ventral view; F. abdomen, lateral view.

Fig. 36. Scanning electron micrographs of Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Paratype male (PBI_OON 00026314): A. habitus, ventral view; B. sternum, ventral view; C. sternum, close-up of mouthparts; D. carapace, lateral view, close-up of palps; E. right palp, prolateral view; F. right palp, close-up of embolus, prolateral view.

Fig. 37. Scanning electron micrographs of Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Paratype male (PBI_OON 00026314): A. chelicera, prolateral view; B. chelicera, ventral view, close-up of denticles; C. chelicera, dorsal view; D. chelicera, dorsal view, showing close-up of unmodified fang; E. endites and labium, ventral view; F. endite, close-up of distal tip.

Fig. 38. Scanning electron micrographs of Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Paratype male (PBI_OON 0005563): A. tibia of leg I, spines, prolateral view; B. tibia of Leg I spines, prolateral view; C. spinnerets, posterior view; D. same, close-up; Paratype female (PBI_OON 0005563): E. spinnerets, posterior view; F. same, close-up.

Fig. 39. Scanning electron micrographs of Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Paratype female (PBI_OON 0005563): A. palp, retrolateral view. Paratype male (PBI_OON 0005563): B. tarsal organ from leg I, dorsal view; C. sarsal organ from leg IV, dorsal view; D. same, close-up. Paratype male (PBI_OON 00026314): E. slit sensilla from leg IV, dorsal view; F. same, close-up.

Fig. 40. Scanning electron micrographs of Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Paratype female (PBI_OON 0005563): A. metatarsus I, dorsal view, showing single distal trichobothrium. B. same. Paratype male (PBI_OON 00026314): C. metatarsus I, dorsal view, showing single distal trichobothrium. D. Base of seta. E. Palpal tibia, prolateral view, showing base of one trichobothrium. Paratype male (PBI_OON 00005563), F. Palpal tibia, dorsal view, showing two trichobothria.

Fig. 41. Scanning electron micrographs of Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Paratype female (PBI_OON 0005563): A. tarsal claws, leg III, lateral view; B. tarsal claws, leg IV, lateral view. Paratype male (PBI_OON 00005563): C. tarsal claws, leg I, lateral view; D. tarsal claws, leg III, close-up of teeth; E. tarsus, leg I, showing claws and tarsal organ; F. tarsal claws, leg IV.

Fig. 42. Ischnothyreus crenulatus, sp. nov. Holotype male (PBI_OON 00025966): A. left palp, prolateral view; B. left palp, retrolateral view; C. left chelicerae, anterior view; D. left chelicerae, posterior view; E. left palp, dorsal view. Allotype female (PBI_OON 00025754): F. epigynum, ventral view. Scale lines 5 0.1 mm.