Craspedorrhynchus hiyodori ( Uchida, 1949 )

Gustafsson, Daniel R., Najer, Tomas, Zou, Fasheng & Bush, Sarah E., 2022, The ischnoceran chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of bulbuls (Aves: Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae), with descriptions of 18 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 800, pp. 1-88 : 73-74

Craspedorrhynchus hiyodori ( Uchida, 1949)

Philopterus hiyodori Uchida, 1949: 546, fig. 14.

Craspedorrhynchus hiyodori – Hopkins & Clay 1952: 91.

Philopterus hiyodori – Price et al. 2003: 131.

Tritrabeculus hiyodori – Mey 2001: 126.

Type host

Hypsipetes amaurotis amaurotis (Temminck, 1830) – brown-eared bulbul.

Type locality

Nii-jima Island, Izu Seven Islands Group, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan.

Remarks

The combination of characters illustrated by Uchida (1949) are incompatible with all known genera in the Philopterus -complex sensu Mey (2004). Hopkins & Clay (1952: 91) placed this species in Craspedorrhynchus “with some doubt”, but did not expand on this placement. Indeed, the characters in the original illustration and description of this species agree well with those of most species of Craspedorrhynchus. Uchida (1949: 546) also stated that this species belonged to “ Piaget’s group Delatatoclypeati infesting the birds of prey”, further supporting the removal of this species to Craspedorrhynchus.

Specifically, the hyaline margin of Philopterus hiyodori is without median sclerotization, emarginate medially, and extends lateral to the marginal carina. The dorsal anterior plate is elongate and tongue-like, without lateral extensions near ads. At least some preantennal setae appear to be dorsal, and the two anterior-most of these appear to be elongated and thickened compared to the other illustrated preantennal setae. The eyes are extended posteriorly.Apart from the os, three temporal setae on each side are illustrated as macrosetae; the identity of these is not clear, but they appear to be mts1–3. In the illustration, there is a dotted line along the median pterothorax, which is described as “separated by a narrow, uncoloured, mesal linear space” in the text; this suggests that the pterothorax is divided by a median suture. All these characters are found in Craspedorrhynchus (see Gállego et al. 1987; Mey 2001), except that posteriorly extended eyes are limited to a few species in this genus (e.g., Mey 2001: fig. 14).

Mey (2001) treated this species as a member of Tritrabeculus Uchida, 1948, but gave no details. Later, Mey (2004) did not include Ph. hiyodori in Tritrabeculus, limiting this genus to two species known from cuckoo-shrikes. The following characters mentioned or illustrated by Uchida (1949) separate Ph. hiyodori from Tritrabeculus: frons hyaline throughout in Ph. hiyodori, but medianly sclerotized in Tritrabeculus; Ph. hiyodori with four temporal macrosetae, but Tritrabeculus with only two temporal macrosetae; at least two preantennal setae on each side situated on the hyaline frons in Ph. hiyodori, but no setae situated in hyaline section in Tritrabeculus.

We hereby move Philopterus hiyodori to the genus Craspedorrhynchus, where it was previously placed by Hopkins & Clay (1952). As this genus is otherwise only found on raptors, it seems probable that Cr. hiyodori was described from stragglers. In the same publication, Uchida (1949) lists records of Philopterus milvi (Mjöberg, 1910) [= Craspedorrhynchus spathulatus (Giebel, 1875)], Philopterus nisi (Denny, 1842), and Philopterus platyrhynchus ( Nitzsch, 1818) [= Craspedorrhynchus haematopus (Scopoli, 1763)], but none of his material is from the same locality as his specimens of Cr. hiyodori. A detailed study of the type specimens, if they remain, will be needed to establish whether Cr. hiyodori is synonymous with any of the other species of Craspedorrhynchus known from Japan.